2020高考英語(yǔ)一輪語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)與訓(xùn)練-冠詞、名詞、主謂一致附解析

高三一輪語(yǔ)回顧與訓(xùn)練--冠詞、詞、主謂致1.冠詞分為不定冠詞（a,an）、定冠詞（the）和零冠詞（不用冠詞）。名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞兩大類(lèi)。主謂一致是指句子的主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)、數(shù)上取得一致的情況。2.考點(diǎn)歸納冠詞一、不定冠詞（a,an1、a用在以輔音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞前，an用在以元音素開(kāi)頭的單詞前。易錯(cuò)常考點(diǎn)記憶：auniversity一所大學(xué)auniform一件制服auniversaltruth一個(gè)普遍事實(shí)auniquetalent一種獨(dú)特才能aEuropeancountry一個(gè)歐洲國(guó)家ausefulmachine一種有用的機(jī)器aone-parentfamily一個(gè)單親家庭anhonestman一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的男人anhourandahalf一個(gè)半小時(shí)anumbrella一把傘2、用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示“一；每一；某一”等思。Togetfullypreparedforthecomingexamination,thinkwhatyouneedisarightlearningmethod.TheteacherrecommendedthatIshouldtakethemedicinethreetimesa3、用于具體化的物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞前，表示“一陣/場(chǎng)/次/種”“具體的或事”等。Manypeoplebelievedthatmasteringaforeignlanguageisamustininternationaltradetoday.Payingchildren家常雜務(wù)an（津貼atotalfailurewheneducatingthemtosharethefamilyresponsibilities.4、用于第一次提及的非特指的可數(shù)名詞前。Mygrandfather,whowastheonlylivingchildofa-farmerandadevotedmother,grewupinOklahomaduringtheearlyyearsofGreatDepression.5、用于有形容詞修飾的表示季節(jié)、月份、日期、三餐和世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物名詞前。Itissaidthatitwillbeverycoldwinterthisyear.IcameacrossoldfriendIhaven’tseenformanyyearstheotherday,soItreatedhimtoanunforgettabledinner.我招待他一頓難忘的晚餐。6、用在序數(shù)詞前，表示“另一個(gè)”或又一個(gè)”的含義。Weallknowpeoplewholostalovedandhopedtheywouldhaveasecondopportunitytosay“Iloveyou”or“Iforgive”.7、“amost+形容詞”示“很…，most在句中不含有比較概念，只用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，是“很”“非?！睒O”，相當(dāng)very。Lesson3isamostdifficultlesson,butitisn’tthemostdifficultlessoninBookTwo.8、用在人名前表示不確定的某個(gè)人，也可以指與某人有類(lèi)似性質(zhì)的人或事物。IsthereMaryinyourclass?SheiswantedbytheEnglishteacher.HelookslikeaBeethoven貝多芬）whenplayingthepiano.9、具體動(dòng)作意義的名詞在havetakemake等構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)表示短暫性的動(dòng)作時(shí)，前面常加不定冠詞。如：haveatry;takealook;makealiving10、用于一些固定搭配中。tohavetastefor愛(ài)好;beatloss不知所措;asamatteroffact事實(shí)上allofsudden突然;asarule一般來(lái)說(shuō)inaword總之，簡(jiǎn)言之二、定冠詞（the）1、特指上文提及的或讀者清楚的或受形容詞修飾的人或物。Whereistheteachertalkedyesterday?Therearetwointhisdepartment,thesmallerofwhichcanserveasastudy.2、用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表示整個(gè)類(lèi)屬。Thetigerisindangerofbecomingextinct.3、與某些形容詞連用表示一類(lèi)人或物。Itisanobletraditiontotakecareoftheold.4、用在世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的人和物、自然現(xiàn)象、發(fā)明物之前。CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsideredtohaveinventedtelephone.5、用在序數(shù)詞和最高級(jí)前。Mr.Cooksaiditwasthemostpersonaldevice（備）hadcreated.Tomydelight,IwonthefirstprizeinEnglishspeakingcontest.6、用于表示江河、湖泊、海洋、山脈、群島、黨派、組織等專(zhuān)有名詞或由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專(zhuān)用名詞前。如：theRiverTimes泰晤士河;theLakeSuperior蘇必利爾湖thePacificOcean太平洋;theAndesMountains安第斯山脈;theStudentUnion生會(huì)7、用于表示方向和方位的名詞前。如：intheeast;towest;thefront8、用在西洋樂(lè)器前、表示姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前及構(gòu)成…世紀(jì)/年代”。如playtheviolin;playthepiano;inthe21thcentury;inthe1940s9、用在以festival組成的中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日前。如：theSpringFestival;theDragonBoatFestival10、用于固定搭配中。如：totelltruth說(shuō)實(shí)話;tokeeppeace維持治安ontherise/decline在上漲/降中三、零冠詞（不加冠詞）1、不可數(shù)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞、抽象名詞或物質(zhì)名詞表泛指，不加冠詞。Courageanddeterminationarewhatittakestomakegreatachievements.勇氣和決心是取得偉大成就所需要的。2、稱(chēng)呼語(yǔ)及表示獨(dú)一無(wú)二的頭銜、職務(wù)的名詞作表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，不加冠詞。Tomisoutstandingstudent,forwhichweelectedhimmonitorourclass.3、月、季、星期、（由day成的）節(jié)假、洲前；三餐、球類(lèi)、慣用語(yǔ)前；學(xué)科、棋類(lèi)名詞前，不用冠詞。March8thisWomen’sDay,andJune1stisChildren’sday.Ifancyplayingbasketballwhilemybrotherisfondofplayingvolleyball.4、表示語(yǔ)言的名詞前不用冠詞。ThereasonwhywelearnEnglishthatwewantspreadtheChineseculturealloverthe。5、表示交通工具的名詞與連用，不指具體的交通工具，而指交通手段時(shí)，不用冠詞。MysisterinsistedthatweshouldtravelalongtheMekongRiverby。6、and,after,by,from連接的對(duì)等名詞前不用冠詞。dayandnight;stepbystep;fromdoordoor7、兩個(gè)名詞同指一個(gè)人或物時(shí)，后面的名詞前不加冠詞。Thefilmstaranddirectorisonthestage,deliveringanunforgettablespeech.8、/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果表語(yǔ)的名詞位居句首（倒裝機(jī)構(gòu)），該名詞前不加冠詞。ChildIwas,Iknowhowharditwasformyparentsmakeliving.9、no與such連用應(yīng)放在之前，such后的名詞不加冠詞。Thereisnosuchthingfreelunch,youhavetotryhardgetwhatyouwant.10、在某些固定搭配中，名詞之前常不用冠詞。infact;indanger;gotobed;harmto;makefunof;outofquestion;loseheart;catchfire;leaveschool名詞一、可數(shù)名詞1、名詞的數(shù)以o結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)常在詞尾加s但中學(xué)英語(yǔ)中有下列名詞要加們是negro-negroes黑人；hero-heroes英雄；tomato-tomatoes西紅柿；potato-potatoes土豆。下列名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，要把f或fe變?yōu)関es它們是：-selves自己；-lives生活、生命；thief-thieves小偷；-wives妻子；knife-knives刀；leaf-leaves葉子；shelf-shelves架子；wolf-wolves；-halves一半。合成名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，通常只將里面所含的主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，如果沒(méi)有主體名詞，則將最后一部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)-by過(guò)路人--law女婿-tellers講故事的人家庭主婦。常見(jiàn)單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞：Chinese中國(guó)人；Japanese日本人；sheep綿羊；deer鹿；series系列；means方法；作品；fish魚(yú)；fruit水果；crossroads十字路口。其中fishfruit表示種類(lèi)時(shí)，可加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾，即fishes，fruits。抽象名詞具體化difficulty-adifficulty一件難事surprise-surprise一件令人震驚的事failurea一位失敗者；一件失敗的事successa一位成功者；一件成功的事2、名詞所有格單數(shù)名詞在末尾加“’s數(shù)名詞在末尾加’”,不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)名詞在末尾加’shouse’sroof,studentsbooks,children’swonderland等。表示各自的所屬關(guān)系時(shí)，各名詞末尾均加所有格后綴；表示共有關(guān)系的在最后一個(gè)名詞加所有格后綴。如：Tom’sfatherandMary’sfather湯姆的父親和瑪麗的父親Tomand’s湯姆和瑪麗的父親（3）表示無(wú)生命的東西所有格一般由構(gòu)成。thecoverofthebook,surfaceofthelake等。二、不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞主要分為物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞。物質(zhì)名詞是指表示無(wú)法分為個(gè)體的實(shí)物的詞見(jiàn)的物質(zhì)名詞有rain,water,coffee,tea,meat,milk,rice,bread,orange（桔汁）等。抽象名詞是指表示動(dòng)作狀態(tài)品質(zhì)感情等抽象概念的詞常見(jiàn)的抽象名詞有work;study;love;friendship等。常見(jiàn)易錯(cuò)的不可數(shù)名詞energy,equipment,fun,furniture,health,homework,、knowledge,luck,luggage,music,news,pride,progress,traffic,weather。主謂一1、定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要注意主謂一致。Heistheonlyoneofthestudentshasbeenwinnerscholarshipforthreeyears.Thisisofthemostinterestingquestionsthathavebeenasked.2.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中，當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是主語(yǔ)時(shí)，that后面的謂語(yǔ)與被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)一致。IthinkthatisIratherthanmysisterthat/whotoblameforwhathappened.3.-ing式/todo作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，主句謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。Understandingtheseuniversalsignalsisthekeycross-culturecommunication.Toloveandbelovedthegreatesthappinessintheworld.Whethertheschemewillbecarriedouthasn’tbeendecidedyet.4.就遠(yuǎn)原則（1with/alongwith/together（aswell（3rather（4but/except/inaddition/besides/including等介詞介詞短語(yǔ)連接兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與這些介詞前面的名詞保持一致。Itisthefather,ratherthanthechildren,that/whoisblameforwhathashappened.Email,aswellasphonecalls,isplayinganimportantpartinourdailycommunication.Alltheemployeesexceptthemanagerareencouragedattachimportanceworkingonlineathome.5.就近原則：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)由“either…orB…”,“neither…”,“notonly…butalso…”,“not…but…連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與就近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致therebe句型中be動(dòng)詞后接多個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞也遵循就近原則。NeitheryouIwastoblamefortheaccidentthatoccurredotherday.Therearesomebooks,apenandradioondesk.6.“l(fā)argequantitiesof+可數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞”“l(fā)argeamountsof+不可數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Largequantitiesoffood/booksareontable.7.“many或thanone+單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)是“許多”語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)AandnoB”“eachAandeachB”“everyAandeveryB主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。orethanoneansweriswrittentheblackboard.oteachernostudentisabsentfromtheeveningparty.強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練一、填空：在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Providinggood,positiveandconsistentsocialinteractionsisasbig________partofdevelopmentasprovidingandwater.Jane’grandmotherhadwantedtowrite________childrenbookforyears,butonethingoranotheralwaysgotin________way.Theteam-upcenterwilloffer________opportunityyoungsingerstoshowtheirtalentsinfrontof________audience5,000.________CTisreally_________usefulinvention,whichdoctorsfindoutwhat’swrongwithapatientmoreeasily.________morelearnedamanis,________moremodestheusuallybecomes.Ifyouwanttoimproveyourworkingefficiency,itwillbe________foryoutomake________mostofyourtime..Yesterday,whenIwasworkingoutatgymonmylunchhour,Isaw________elderlyladythereridingonabike.Oneofthemosteffective________(approach)toreducing(press)istalkaboutfeelingwithsomeoneyoutrust.Itwas________(curious)thatdrovethelittleprinceintothebeautifulgarden.Neverbeforeinmodern________(time)haveworkershadmuchautonomytheirworkdays.Barbaraalwaysencouragedswimtobuildthe________(strong)hermuscles.12.Thisriveropensupsuddenlyisabouttwohundredmetresin________(wide).Jackappearsexhausted.Healongwithhistwinbrothers(paint)thehouse,andmustfinishtheworktomorrow.Itisreportedthatmanyahouseatpresentthedisasterarea.(build)Ourgovernmentcannevercaretoomuchmilksafetyandquality,becauselargeamountsofmilk________everyyearinChina.(consume)二、改錯(cuò)：每句錯(cuò)誤最多有兩處。錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除和修改。Momwasbusyhelpingmygrandmothermakemooncake,andrestofusneededmakelunch.Dadtoldmylittlebrotherthatcookisaimportantskill,whichshouldlearn.Therearethreestageinstudy-preview,andreview,amongwhichreviewmostimportant.4.StylesinWesternartchanged