2019年英語(yǔ)新譯林必修四（江蘇專用）講義Unit1SectionⅣGrammarWriting

Section_ⅣGrammar_&_Writing語(yǔ)法圖解探究發(fā)現(xiàn)①Hesaidtome,“Youarewrong.”→HetoldmethatIwaswrong.②“Areyouasoldier？”heasked.→Heaskedif/whetherIwasasoldier.③Heasked,“Whereareyougoingtogetoff,John？”→HeaskedJohnwherehewasgoingtogetoff.④“Makesurethedoorisclosed，”theteachersaidtome.→Theteachertoldmetomakesurethedoorwasclosed.⑤“Iwillcomeandseeyouagainthisevening,Tom，”shesaid.→ShetoldTomthatshewouldgoandseehimagainthatevening.⑥“Iwillcomehereagaintoday，”shesaid.→Shesaidthatshe'dgothereagainthatday.[我的發(fā)現(xiàn)](1)若直接引語(yǔ)為陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用連詞that來(lái)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句；直接引語(yǔ)中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)等都要作相應(yīng)的變化，如①句。(2)若直接引語(yǔ)為一般疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用連詞if或whether來(lái)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句；同時(shí)，要將疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z(yǔ)序，如②句。(3)若直接引語(yǔ)為特殊疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，需用原來(lái)的疑問(wèn)詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句；同時(shí)，要將疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z(yǔ)序，如③句。(4)若直接引語(yǔ)為祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，需改用“動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中的動(dòng)詞通常是表示“命令、建議、請(qǐng)求”的動(dòng)詞，如④句。(5)直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，指示代詞和動(dòng)詞要做相應(yīng)變化，如⑤句。(6)直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)要做相應(yīng)變化，如⑥句。一、基本概念引述或轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話稱為“引語(yǔ)”。直接引用別人的原話，兩邊用引號(hào)標(biāo)出，叫作直接引語(yǔ)。用自己的語(yǔ)言轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，不需要引號(hào)的叫作間接引語(yǔ)。直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，需在時(shí)態(tài)形式、人稱代詞、指示代詞、限定詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)以及語(yǔ)序等方面做相應(yīng)的變化?！癐likesinging，”shesaid.(直接引語(yǔ))→Shesaidshelikedsinging.(間接引語(yǔ))她說(shuō)她喜歡唱歌?！癉on'ttouchanything，”hesaid.(直接引語(yǔ))→Hetoldusnottotouchanything.(間接引語(yǔ))他告訴我們不要碰任何東西。二、直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)各種句式的轉(zhuǎn)換1．引述陳述句時(shí)，用連詞that引導(dǎo)(that在口語(yǔ)中常被省略。)，主句動(dòng)詞主要用say,tell,repeat,answer,reply,explain,announce,declare,think等。Hesaid,“Ilikeitverymuch.”→Hesaidthathelikeditverymuch.他說(shuō)他非常喜歡它。Hesaid,“I'veleftmybookinyourroom.”→Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinmyroom.他告訴我他把書忘在我房間里了。[即時(shí)演練1]改寫句子Thedoctorsaid，“Youshouldeatmorevegetables.”(改為間接引語(yǔ))→The_doctor_told_me_that_I_should_eat_more_vegetables.2．引述一般疑問(wèn)句或附加疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，通常用whether或if引導(dǎo)，而引述選擇疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，一般只能用whether引導(dǎo)。原句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞said要改為asked，語(yǔ)序用陳述句語(yǔ)序。Heasked,“Areyousureyourmotherwillcome？”→Heaskedmewhether/ifIwassuremymotherwouldcome.他問(wèn)我是否確信我媽媽會(huì)來(lái)。Heasked,“Theyliveingroups,don'tthey？”→Heaskedwhether/iftheylivedingroups.他問(wèn)它們是否是群居。Heasked,“Areyouateacherorastudent？”→HeaskedmewhetherIwasateacherorastudent.他問(wèn)我是老師還是學(xué)生。[巧學(xué)助記](méi)一般疑問(wèn)句變間接引語(yǔ)“口訣”：if/whether接引語(yǔ)，陳述語(yǔ)序莫忘記；人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和狀語(yǔ)，變化需用陳述句。[即時(shí)演練2](1)句型轉(zhuǎn)換(每空一詞)①Shesaid,“DoyoulikewatchingtheadvertisementsonTV？”→Sheaskedmeif/whetherIlikedwatchingtheadvertisementsonTV.②Shesaid,“Youhaveseenthefilm,haven'tyou？”→Shewonderedif/whetherIhadseenthefilm.(2)“Haveyouseenthefilm？”heaskedme.→Heaskedme________.A．hadIseenthefilmB．haveIseenthefilmC．ifIhaveseenthefilmD．whetherIhadseenthefilm解析：選D直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般疑問(wèn)句要變?yōu)橛蓋hether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，因主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句需用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，故只有D項(xiàng)正確。3．引述特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，用原句中的疑問(wèn)詞作為間接引語(yǔ)的連接詞，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用ask(sb.)，語(yǔ)序用陳述句語(yǔ)序?！癢heredidyoufindtheadsforjobsabroad？”Billasked.→BillaskedwhereIhadfoundtheadsforjobsabroad.比爾問(wèn)我是在哪兒找到有關(guān)到國(guó)外工作的廣告的?！癢hatareyoudoingnow？”Momasked.→MomaskedwhatIwasdoingthen.媽媽問(wèn)我當(dāng)時(shí)在做什么。[巧學(xué)助記](méi)直接引語(yǔ)為疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，將其變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)要遵循“一改、二換、三變化、四連詞”的原則。一改：指改變語(yǔ)序；二換：即換said為asked；三變化：指人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、狀語(yǔ)變化；四連詞：即直接引語(yǔ)為一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)中應(yīng)用whether/if引導(dǎo)；直接引語(yǔ)為特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)仍用原來(lái)的疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)。[即時(shí)演練3](1)句型轉(zhuǎn)換(每空一詞)①Heasked,“Whocuredyouofyourtoothache？”→Heaskedmewhohadcuredmeofmytoothache.②Heaskedme,“Whatdoyoudoonweekends？”→HeaskedmewhatIdidonweekends.③Sheaskedme,“Whyareyoulaughingatme？”→SheaskedmewhyIwaslaughingather.(2)(2015·湖南高考)Youhavetoknow________you'regoingifyouaretoplanthebestwayofgettingthere.A．what B．thatC．where D．who解析：選C句意：你如果要計(jì)劃到達(dá)那里的最好的方法，就得知道自己要去哪里。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，know后面是賓語(yǔ)從句，且引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用where。4．引述祈使句通常用“動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如果祈使句為否定句，要在不定式的前面加上not。引述表示命令的祈使句，常用動(dòng)詞order,tell,warn；引述表示請(qǐng)求的祈使句常用動(dòng)詞ask,beg；引述表示建議、勸告的祈使句常用動(dòng)詞advise等。Hesaid,“Pleasecomehereagaintomorrow.”→Heaskedmetogothereagainthenextday.他讓我第二天再到那兒去。Hesaid,“Dohavealookyourselffirst.”→Headvisedmetohavealookmyselffirst.他建議我自己先看一看。Hesaid,“Don'tmakesomuchnoise,boys.”→Hetoldtheboysnottomakesomuchnoise.他叫那些男孩不要弄出那么多的噪音。[巧學(xué)助記](méi)祈使句變間接引語(yǔ)，遵循“一改、二變、三加、四去”原則：一改：said(to)改為asked或told二變：saidto的賓語(yǔ)變成asked等的賓語(yǔ)三加：即在動(dòng)詞原形前加to，使其成為動(dòng)詞不定式四去：去掉please[即時(shí)演練4](1)句型轉(zhuǎn)換(每空一詞)①Theteachersaidtotheboy,“Openthedoor,please！”→Theteachertoldtheboytoopenthedoor.②Hisfathersaidtohim,“Don'tleavethewindowopenwhenyouareout.”→Hisfathertoldhimnottoleavethewindowopenwhenhewasout.③“Pleaseexplainwhyyou'relate，”thebosssaid.→Thebossaskedhimtoexplainwhyhewaslate.(2)Sheaskedherlittlebrother________telltheirmotheraboutit.A．don't B．notC．didn't D．notto解析：選D如果直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句，變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)常變?yōu)椴欢ㄊ阶髻e語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。asksb.nottodosth.“要求某人不要做某事”。三、直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要特別注意幾個(gè)變化1．人稱的變化人稱變化記憶口訣：“一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新”一隨主：引號(hào)內(nèi)的第一人稱變間接引語(yǔ)后與主句主語(yǔ)的人稱保持一致。Shesaid,“I'maseniorpartnerinalawfirm.”→Shesaidthatshewasaseniorpartnerinalawfirm.她說(shuō)她是法律事務(wù)所的資深合伙人。二隨賓：引號(hào)內(nèi)的第二人稱變間接引語(yǔ)后與主句賓語(yǔ)的人稱保持一致。HesaidtoLily,“Youmustmakegooduseofthechance.”→HetoldLilythatshemustmakegooduseofthechance.他對(duì)李莉說(shuō)必須好好利用這次機(jī)會(huì)。第三人稱不更新：引號(hào)內(nèi)的第三人稱在變間接引語(yǔ)后人稱不變。Shesaidtome,“Theywanttopurchaseanewcar.”→Shetoldmethattheywantedtopurchaseanewcar.她對(duì)我說(shuō)他們想買一輛新車。[即時(shí)演練5]把下列句子變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)，注意人稱變化①Hesaid,“Shewillcomeheretohavealongholiday.”→He_said_that_she_would_go_there_to_have_a_long_holiday.②Shesaidtome,“Youplaybasketballbetterthanme.”→She_told_me_that_I_played_basketball_better_than_her.③“Iboughtthispairofshoesformyfather，”Katesaid.→Katesaidshehadboughtthatpairofshoesforherfather.④Myfathersaid,“IhopeyouwillgrowuptobePresident.”→My_father_said_that_he_hoped_I_would_grow_up_to_be_President.2．時(shí)態(tài)的變化直接引語(yǔ)為陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果引述動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式，則間接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)形式不變。但是如果引述動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí)形式，間接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)形式一般按下列規(guī)律變化：直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)Theteachersaid,“YouaredoingOK.”→TheteachersaidthatweweredoingOK.老師說(shuō)我們做得不錯(cuò)。Hesaid,“Ihavewrittenanovel.”→Hesaidthathehadwrittenanovel.他說(shuō)他已經(jīng)寫完了一篇小說(shuō)。[即時(shí)演練6](1)把下列句子變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)，注意時(shí)態(tài)變化①Hesaid,“Isawthefilmyesterday.”→He_said_that_he_had_seen_the_film_the_day_before.②Shesaid,“Ihaveseenthefilm.Itisgood.”→She_said_that_she_had_seen_the_film,_and_that_it_was_good.③Petersaid,“I'mbusytoday.”→Peter_said_that_he_was_busy_that_day.④Heasked,“Isitraining？”→He_asked_if_it_was_raining.⑤Theteachersaid,“Iwillgivemystudentsafewholidaysattheendofthismonth.”→The_teacher_promised_that_he_would_give_his_students_a_few_holidays__at_the_end_of_that_month.(2)Heaskedhismother________thepen,thepreciousgiftfromhisbestfriend.A．wheredidshefind B．whereshefoundC．wherehadshefound D．whereshehadfound解析：選D賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述語(yǔ)序，故排除A、C兩項(xiàng)；因?yàn)閒indthepen表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞asked表示的動(dòng)作之前，所以賓語(yǔ)從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，故選D項(xiàng)。3．指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞的變化在直接引語(yǔ)中在間接引語(yǔ)中指示代詞thisthatthesethose時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)nowthentodaythatdaytonightthatnightthisweek/month,etc.thatweek/month,etc.yesterdaythedaybeforelastweek/month,etc.theweek/month,etc.beforetwoweeks/months,etc.agotwoweeks/months,etc.beforetomorrowthenextdaynextweek/month,etc.thenextweek/month,etc地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)herethere方向動(dòng)詞comegobringtake“Iwillcomeandhelpyoutomorrow,Mary，”shesaid.→ShetoldMarythatshewouldgoandhelpherthenextday.她告訴瑪麗第二天她會(huì)去幫她?！癐'llcomeandseeyouagainthisevening,Tom，”hesaid.→HetoldTom(that)hewouldgoandseehimagainthatevening.他告訴湯姆他那晚要再去看他。[即時(shí)演練7]將下列句子變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)，注意指示代詞、物主代詞和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的變化①Hesaid,“Iamlivingwithmycousin.”→He_said_that_he_was_living_with_his_cousin.②MrGreenasked,“Jack,haveyoupassedtheexamyesterday？”→Mr_Green_asked_Jack_whether_he_had_passed_the_exam_the_day_before.③Theoldmansaid,“Iliketotalkwiththeseyoungmen.”→The_old_man_said_that_he_liked_to_talk_with_those_young_men.4．語(yǔ)序變化直接引語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要把疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序，并且需把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞say或saytosb.變?yōu)閍sk或asksb.?！癆realladsplayingtricksonus？”Iaskedher.→Iaskedherwhether/ifalladswereplayingtricksonus.我問(wèn)她是否所有的廣告都欺騙我們。Theteacheraskedtheboy,“Howmanypageshaveyoureadtoday？”→Theteacheraskedtheboyhowmanypageshehadreadthatday.老師問(wèn)那個(gè)男孩那天讀了多少頁(yè)。[即時(shí)演練8](1)完成句子①Sheaskedmehow__long_it_had_taken(花費(fèi)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間)tobuildthechurch.②Heaskedmewhether/if_he_could_use_my_bicycle(他能否用我的自行車)．(2)Excuseme,butcanyoutellme________？A．wherecanIgettothelibraryB．whereIcangettothelibraryC．howcanIgettothelibraryD．howIcangettothelibrary解析：選D句意：打擾一下，你能告訴我去圖書館怎么走嗎？賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述語(yǔ)序。四、直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)保持不變的幾種情況如果引述動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去式時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞的形式則在下列情況下不用變化：1．直接引語(yǔ)是客觀真理、格言、諺語(yǔ)。Hesaid,“I'maboy,notagirl.”→Hesaidthatheisaboy,notagirl.他說(shuō)他是男孩，不是女孩。2．直接引語(yǔ)是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。Janesaid,“Mary,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouonthebus？”→JaneaskedMarywhereshewasgoingwhenshemetheronthebus.簡(jiǎn)在公交車上碰見(jiàn)瑪麗時(shí)，問(wèn)她要去哪里。3．直接引語(yǔ)中有具體的過(guò)去某年、某月、某日作狀語(yǔ)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。Johnsaid，“IwasbornonJune8,2000.”→JohnsaidhewasbornonJune8,2000.約翰說(shuō)他出生于2000年6月8日。4．直接引語(yǔ)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。Hesaid,“Ihavebreakfastatseveneverymorning.”→Hesaidhehasbreakfastatseveneverymorning.他說(shuō)他每天早晨七點(diǎn)吃早飯。[即時(shí)演練9](1)把下列各句改為間接引語(yǔ)(每空一詞)①Theteachersaid,“wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”→Theteachersaidthatwherethereisawill,thereisaway.②Hesaid,“Iwasbornin1986.”→Hesaidthathewasbornin1986.③“Whendidyoucomehere？”sheasked.→SheaskedmewhenIwentthere.(2)Theteachertoldthestudentsthatsincelight________fasterthansound,lightning________togobeforethunder.A．travelled;appeared B．travels;appearsC．travels;willappear D．travelled;wouldappear解析：選B雖然主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用的是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，但是間接引語(yǔ)陳述的內(nèi)容為客觀真理，時(shí)態(tài)仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Ⅰ.把下列直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)1．Theteachersaid,“Theearthisroundnotflat.”→Theteachersaidthattheearthisroundnotflat.2．Mumasked,“What'sthematter？”→Mumaskedmewhatwasthematter.3．Themonitorsaid,“Standup！”→Themonitoraskedustostandup.4．“Don'tspitinthepark，”myfathersaid.→Myfatherorderedmenottospitinthepark.5．“Wherewereyouyesterday？”theteacherasked.→TheteacheraskedwhereIhadbeenthedaybefore.6．Shesaidtome,“I'mstudyingEnglishthesedays.”→ShetoldmethatshewasstudyingEnglishthosedays.7．Sheasked,“Areyoupreparingforitnow？”→Sheaskedmewhether/ifIwaspreparingforitthen.8．Heaskedher,“CanyouspeakEnglish？”→Heaskedherwhether/ifshecouldspeakEnglish.9．Myparentsaskedme,“Howareyougettingalongwithyourwork？”→MyparentsaskedmehowIwasgettingalongwithmywork.10．Thehistoryteachersaidtothem,“TheChineseCommunistPartywasfoundedonJuly1st,1921.”→ThehistoryteachertoldthemthattheChineseCommunistPartywasfoundedonJuly1st,1921.Ⅱ.完成句子1．我媽媽叫我去幫她的忙。Mymotherasked_me_to_go_and_help_her.2．衛(wèi)兵問(wèn)我們?cè)谀抢镒鍪裁?。Theguardasked_us_what_we_were_doing_there.3．她問(wèn)她媽媽是否可以和她一起去購(gòu)物。Sheaskedhermotherif/whether_she_could_go_shopping_with_her.4．他告訴我們不要站在那里不說(shuō)話。Hetold_us_not_to_stand_thereinsilence.5．他告訴我這本書他已看過(guò)三遍了。Hetold_me_that_he_had_read_the_bookthreetimes.6．他問(wèn)我是否是學(xué)生。Heaskedwhether/if_I_was_a_student.7．老師告訴我們不要浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。Theteachertold_us_not_to_wasteourtime.8．她問(wèn)我這本書是我的還是他的。Sheaskedmewhether_the_book_was_mine_or_his.9．湯姆的媽媽問(wèn)湯姆是否已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè)。Tom'smotheraskedTomwhether/if_he_had_finished_his_homework.10．她說(shuō)她在等公交車的時(shí)候已經(jīng)讀了這本書。Shesaidshehad_read_the_bookwhileshewaswaitingforabus.Ⅲ.單項(xiàng)填空1．Heaskedme________.A．whenwouldIcomebackB．whyIdidn'tattendthemeetingC．howmuchdidIpayforthemobilephoneD．whomwasIgoingtothecinemawith解析：選B空格處所填的是ask的賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用陳述語(yǔ)序，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有B項(xiàng)是陳述語(yǔ)序，故選B項(xiàng)。2．Idon'tknow________.A．thereasonwhycanbeB．whythereasonmaybeC．whatthereasoncanbeD．thereasonwhatmaybe解析：選C賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述語(yǔ)序，thereason是從句的主語(yǔ)，be的表語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是what，而不是why。3．IsMrWufromBeijing?Idon'tknow________.A．wheredoeshecomefromB．fromwheredoeshecomeC．whichcityhecomesfromD．wherecityhecomesfrom解析：選C賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述語(yǔ)序。表示“他來(lái)自哪座城市”用whichcityhecomesfrom,which既起引導(dǎo)詞的作用，又在從句中作定語(yǔ)。4．Doyouhappentoknow________？A．whereisheraddressB．inwhichplaceisheraddressC．whatheraddressisD．theplaceheraddressis解析：選C提問(wèn)address要用what，且賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述語(yǔ)序。5．Canyoumakesure________？A．thathewillcomeheretodayB．whenwillhecomeheretodayC．willhecomeheretodayD．whetherwillhecomeheretoday解析：選A句意：你能確定他今天要來(lái)這兒?jiǎn)?？makesure后接一個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)序。6．Whenweareawayfromhomeforseveraldaysweshouldletourparentsknow________.A．wherearewe B．whereweareC．thatweare D．wearewhere解析：選B空格處所填的是know的賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用陳述語(yǔ)序，且疑問(wèn)詞應(yīng)放在句首，所以排除A、D兩項(xiàng)；表示地點(diǎn)應(yīng)用where，不用that，故選B項(xiàng)。7．Heaskedme________IwouldgotoBeijingbyairthenextday.A．thatif B．ifC．thatwhether D．how解析：選B根據(jù)句意“他問(wèn)我第二天我是否坐飛機(jī)去北京”知應(yīng)用if或whether來(lái)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。8．Thelittleboytoldhisteacherthathe________bornin2010.A．was B．hadbeenC．hasbeen D．is解析：選A直接引語(yǔ)中有明確的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，所以變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，其時(shí)態(tài)仍用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。9．Motheraskedtheyoungestkid________withhistoycar.A．whatthematterwas B．whatwasthematterC．whatthematteris D．whatisthematter解析：選Bwhatis/waswrong;whatis/wasthematter變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，語(yǔ)序不變，what在從句中作主語(yǔ)。10．Sheaskedme________.A．whetherhadIgonetothecinemalastnightB．whetherIhavegonetothecinemathenightbeforeC．whetherIhadgonetothecinemathenightbeforeD．whetherhaveIgonetothecinemalastnight解析：選C直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述語(yǔ)序；若主句用的是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則從句的時(shí)態(tài)要作相應(yīng)的變化。直接引語(yǔ)中的lastnight在間接引語(yǔ)中要變?yōu)閠henightbefore。一、基本結(jié)構(gòu)一般來(lái)說(shuō)，一篇廣告可分標(biāo)題(theheadline)、文字說(shuō)明或廣告正文(thebodytext)、圖像(theillustration)和廠商名稱(thesignature)四個(gè)部分。1．廣告標(biāo)題，往往是廣告中最重要的部分。它起著引起讀者的好奇心，吸引讀者注意力的作用。下面是標(biāo)題常用的幾種表達(dá)方式：(1)一語(yǔ)道破商品的優(yōu)越性；(2)用迂回的手法，引起人們的好奇心，使人想看個(gè)究竟；(3)有鮮明的針對(duì)性，使讀者感到是為他們而寫的；(4)現(xiàn)身說(shuō)法。采用消費(fèi)者對(duì)消費(fèi)者說(shuō)話的形式，多采用第一人稱，讀起來(lái)使人倍感親切。2．正文：正文一般分為四步。(1)緊緊圍繞所推出的產(chǎn)品，介紹它的特性、質(zhì)量、原材料，以及和同類產(chǎn)品相比最出彩的地方；(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)該產(chǎn)品帶來(lái)的好處，承諾售后服務(wù)等等；(3)促使客戶采取行動(dòng)、購(gòu)買產(chǎn)品；(4)告訴讀者購(gòu)買產(chǎn)品的聯(lián)系方式。3．廣告的文字應(yīng)盡量做到：(1)既要新穎，又要口語(yǔ)化；(2)盡量使用簡(jiǎn)潔、明了的語(yǔ)言；(3)多用較短的單詞和句子；(4)用詞要準(zhǔn)確，不用模棱兩可的詞句；(5)主要宣傳內(nèi)容，如商品名稱、牌號(hào)、特點(diǎn)等應(yīng)在標(biāo)題和正文中反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)；(6)為了加強(qiáng)廣告的吸引力，有時(shí)用諧音詞或押韻的詞句，來(lái)加強(qiáng)宣傳效果。二、增分佳句1．Theproductssellwellallovertheworld.這些產(chǎn)品暢銷全球。2．LiyingCameraattractspeoplebyitsmodernandvariousmodelsandalso,itissmallinsizeandlightinweight.“麗影”相機(jī)以其款式新穎、品種多樣、體積小、重量輕等性能而吸引顧客。3．Doyouwanttohearfast-movingwatercrashontothebigrocksbelow？Doyouwanttoseecolorfulbirds,flowersandbutterflies?Pleasejoinus,theBlueSkyTravelAgency.你想聆聽(tīng)碧水飛流直下，撞擊巨巖的聲音嗎？你想欣賞鳥(niǎo)語(yǔ)花香，彩蝶飛舞嗎？請(qǐng)聯(lián)系我們——藍(lán)天旅行社。4．Callanytime,24hoursaday,7daysaweek.周一至周日隨時(shí)來(lái)電垂詢。5．Theearlieryougetone,thefasteryouwillimproveyourEnglish.越早買，你的英語(yǔ)水平就能提高得越快。6．Whenyoubuyone,you'llgetanotheroneforfree.買一贈(zèng)一。7．Ourproductsareofhighqualityandcanbeofferedbyeveryone.我們的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)優(yōu)價(jià)廉。[題目要求]假設(shè)你是HaiziClothingStore的經(jīng)理李華，你打算在某英語(yǔ)電視臺(tái)上給自己的商品做廣告。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下提示寫一篇英文廣告。SpringSalesweaters60yuanbags20yuansocks5yuanshoes30yuanT-shirts25—30yuan注意：1.詞數(shù)150左右；2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。第一步：審題構(gòu)思很關(guān)鍵一、審題1．確定體裁：本文為英文廣告，是應(yīng)用文；2．確定人稱：本文應(yīng)使用第三人稱；3．確定時(shí)態(tài)：本文應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。二、