高中英語(yǔ)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)精講配套練習(xí)和答案

獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)“（absoluteconstruction）又叫“獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)”。由于在語(yǔ)法上有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，結(jié)構(gòu)上與主句不發(fā)生關(guān)系，因此傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法叫做“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可放于句首、句尾，用逗號(hào)和主句隔開(kāi)。（一）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)形式獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為兩部分，形式為：基本形式是：名詞普通格/代詞主格+現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞/不定式/名詞/形容詞/副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)。.名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞表示前面的名詞或代詞主動(dòng)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)等。例：Themanlaythere,hishandstrembling.Somanystudentsbeingabsent,themeetinghadtobeputoff.注：“獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)”中的being或havingbeen有時(shí)可以省去，形成一種名詞或代詞+名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式。.名詞/代詞+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞表示前面的名詞或代詞被動(dòng)完成的動(dòng)作或所處的一種狀態(tài)。例：Theboylayonhisback,hishandscrossedunderhishead.Thejobnotfinished,wecouldn,tseethefilm.Hershirtcaughtonanail,shecouldnotmove..名詞/代詞+不定式不定式表示的是將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。Thesearethefirsttwobooks,thethirdonetocomeoutnextmonth.Weshallgettogetherat7:30,theprocession（游行）tostartmovingat8sharp..名詞/代詞+名詞名詞一般做前面名詞或代詞的同位語(yǔ)。例：Manypeoplejoinedinthework,someofthemwomenandchildren.Hefoughtthetiger,astickhisonlyweapon..名詞/代詞+形容詞短語(yǔ)形容詞（短語(yǔ)）說(shuō)明前面名詞或代詞的性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)，原因等。例：Thefloorwetandslippery,wehadtostayoutsideforawhile.Iheardthatshegotinjuredintheaccident,myheartfullofsorry.這兩個(gè)句子也可以看成是省略了being,如果加上，就變成了現(xiàn)在分詞分句。.名詞/代詞+副詞副詞說(shuō)明前面名詞或代詞的狀態(tài)。例：Themeetingover,weallwenthome.Nobodyin,heleftamessageontheboard..名詞/代詞+介詞短語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)說(shuō)明伴隨前面名詞或代詞的方式或者狀態(tài)。例：Theteachercamein,abookunderhisarm.Nobodyathome,thethieftookalotofthingsaway.(二)with引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)with引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，相當(dāng)于在前述各種獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)前加上with，因此，一般認(rèn)為這也是一種獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)【例】Awomangotonthebus，withababyaroundherarms.Theteachercameinwithseveralstudentsfollowingbehind.Withalotofthingstodealwith,hewillhaveadifficulttime.Helefttheofficewiththelightson.Maryrushedoutofthehousewiththedooropen.【例】AftertheArabstateswonindependence,greatemphasiswaslaidonexpandingeducation,withgirlsaswellasboystogotoschool.tobeencouragedC)beingencouragedbeenencouragedD)beencouraged介詞with引出分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，表示一種陪襯性動(dòng)作或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。所以，答案是C)beingencouraged。選項(xiàng)A)tobeencouraged是動(dòng)詞不定式，forhertodo是動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)，常做目的狀語(yǔ)，不能引出陪襯性動(dòng)作。選項(xiàng)B)beenencouraged和D)beencouraged這兩種形式都不能與with構(gòu)成分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)綜合練習(xí)prettylate,wedecidedtoleaveatonce,aswedidn,twanttoriskmissingthelastbus.A.ItbeingB.BeingC.AsisbeingD.ItwasbeingThearticleopensandcloseswithdescriptionsoftwonewsreports,eachonemajorpointincontrastwiththeother.A.makesB.istomakeC.makingD.madeNowhereinnatureisaluminumfoundfree,owingtoitsalwayswithotherelements,mostcommonlywithoxygen.A.combineB.combinedC.beingcombinedD.havingcombinedAnyonewithhalfaneyeontheunemploymentfiguresknewthattheassertionabouteconomicrecoveryjustaroundthecornerwasuntrue.A.wasB.beingC.wouldbeD.tobeThepressurecausesAmericanstobeenergetic,butitalsoputsthemunderaconstantemotionalstrain.A.tocompeteB.competingC.tobecompetedD.havingcompetedThereisamanatthereceptiondeskwhoseemsveryangryandIthinkhemeanstrouble.A.makingB.tomakeC.tohavemadeD.havingmadeTheprojectbytheendof2000willexpandthecity,stelephonenetworktocover1,000,000users.A.accomplishedB.beingaccomplishedC.tobeaccomplishedD.havingbeenaccomplishedWiththedevelopmentinscienceandtechnologymancanmakevariousflowersbeforetheirtime.A.bebloomedB.bloomC.bloomedD.bloomingnanatmosphereofsimplelivingwaswhatherparentswishedfor.A.ThegirlwaseducatedB.ThegirleducatedC.Thegirl,sbeingeducatedD.ThegirltobeeducatedWhatalovelyparty!Itisworthallmylife.A.rememberingB.torememberC.toberememberedD.beingrememberedAsearlyas1647Ohiomadeadecisionthatfree,tax-supportedschoolsmustbeestablishedineverytown50householdsormore.A.havingB.tohaveC.tohavehadD.havinghadThiscrophassimilarqualitiestothepreviousone,bothwind-resistantandadaptedtothesametypeofsoil.A.beingB.beenC.tobeD.havingbeenWhilethesun,thesatellitehassentmorethanfourbillionsofinformationbacktoearth.A.havingorbitedB.beingorbitedC.havingbeenorbitedD.orbitingThehousewasveryquiet,itwasonthesideofamountain.A.isolatedB.isolatingC.beingisolatedD.havingbeenisolatedYouwillseethisproductwhereveryougo.A.tobeadvertisedB.advertisedC.advertiseD.advertisingAllthings,theplannedtripwillhavetobecalledoff.A.consideredB.beconsideredC.consideringD.havingconsideredApartfromcaringforherchildren,shehastotakeonsuchheavyhouseworkascarryingwaterandfirewood.A.time-consumedB.timely-consumedC.time-consumingD.timely-consumingProfessorWang,forhisinformativelectures,waswarmlyreceivedbyhisstudents.A.knowingB.tobeknownC.knownD.havingknownWeleftthemeeting,thereobviouslynopointinstaying.A.wereB.beingC.tobeD.havingtheirworkwillgiveusamuchbetterfeelforthewidedifferencesbetweenthetwoschoolsofthought.A.TohavereviewedB.HavingreviewedC.ReviewingD.BeingreviewedIdon'tmindthedecisionaslongasitisnottoolate.A.youtodelaymakingB.yourdelayingmakingC.yourdelayingtomakeD.youdelaytomakeYourhairwants.You'dbetterhaveitdonetomorrow.A.cutB.tocutC.cuttingD.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