高考英語一模試卷分類匯編任務(wù)型閱讀含答案100

高考英語一模試卷分類匯編任務(wù)型閱讀（含答案）100一、高中英語任務(wù)型閱讀.任務(wù)型閱讀Perhapsatonepointintime,itwasacceptabletostartanyletterore-mailwith“ToWhomItMayConcern.”Startingyourcoverletterore-mailforajobthiswaymightgiveofftheimpressionthatyoudidn'tdoyourresearchonwhoyou'rewritingtoAfterall,peoplewhoaddressotherpeoplebytheirnameswhenwritingandspeakingtothemtendtobemorepleasant.Itcanbeusedinlettersofrecommendationorreference,formalcomplaints（抱怨）madetoacompany,lettersofintroduction,andlettersofinterest.Grammarlyusestheexampleofneedingtowritealetterofrecommendation,foracolleaguewhowillhavetomakeseveralcopiestodistributetointerviewers“Inmostcases,though,trytonarrowyourfocusratherthancastabroadnet,”notesGrammarly.”Askyourself.Whodoesthise-mailconcern?Ifyoucanhonestlyanswer'Anyone,'thenfeelfreetouse“ToWhomItMayConcern.”（Thesearethethingsyoushouldneversayinyourcoverletter）Ifyoudohappentofindthatusing“ToWhomItMayConcern”isappropriate,don'tmakegrammarmistakes,forexample,lettersorpunctuation.However,itmaybeinteresting.Thosetimeshavechanged,though.Makingmistakesinwritingwillsurelygetyoulowscores.It'salsoveryimpersonal,whichsomeemployersmightnotappreciate.Inthatcircumstance,sendingandreceivinglettersismoreofaformalgreeting.Youmightwanttotakenoteofothercommonerrorsyoumightbecommitting,too.ButaccordingtoGrammarly,therearefourtimeswhenit'sOKtousethisgreeting.【答案】B；D；G；E；F【解析】【分析】本文為應(yīng)用文?，F(xiàn)在寫求職信與過去不同了。不寫具體稱呼會讓收信的人不舒服的，通用稱呼只有幾種場合才能用。如果要用這種的話，也要注意別犯一些常見的語法錯誤。（1）考查對上下文的理解及推理判斷能力。本句主要根據(jù)時態(tài)來判斷?？涨笆且话氵^去時，講的是寫信用通用稱呼，而不是具體稱呼在過去是可接受的。空后是一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在最好要稱呼具體，否則會讓人不喜歡。由此可推斷出空前后是今昔對比，有所不同的。分析選項(xiàng)可知，B項(xiàng)（Thosetimeshavechanged,though.然而，那些時代已經(jīng)改變了）?？芍项}意。過去的那種現(xiàn)象已不適合現(xiàn)在了，會留下不好的印象。故答案選B。（2）考查對上下文的理解及推理判斷能力。根據(jù)空前的內(nèi)容：用這樣的方式（沒寫收信人的名字）寫求職信或電子郵件可能會給你留下一個印象，那就是你沒有對你要寫的東西做任何研究?？蘸螅寒吘箤懶欧Q呼他們的名字可能會更令人高興。由此可推斷出如果沒寫收信人的名字，可能會讓人不喜歡。分析選項(xiàng)D項(xiàng)（這也是非?？陀^的，有些老板可能不欣賞）放入句中“如果寫求職信時不寫稱呼可能會讓人不喜歡。畢竟有稱呼才會讓人高興〃，句意是通順的。故答案選D。（3）考查對上下文的理解及推理判斷能力。根據(jù)本段的內(nèi)容：它可以用在推薦信或證明信、對公司提出的正式投訴、介紹信和感興趣的信件中?？芍糜谒姆N場合。分析選項(xiàng)可知，G項(xiàng)（ButaccordingtoGrammarly,therearefourtimeswhenit'sOKtousethisgreeting）但是根據(jù)Grammarly的說法，使用這個問候語有四次，可知本句中正好是可用于四種場合，且選項(xiàng)G項(xiàng)與本段有意思及詞（use）的復(fù)現(xiàn)。因此符合題意，故答案選G。（4）考查對上下文的理解及推理判斷能力。空前：對于一個必須復(fù)制幾份推薦信發(fā)給不同的面試官的同事為例。由此可知寫的求職信，要用正式用語。分析選項(xiàng)，可知E項(xiàng)（Inthatcircumstance,sendingandreceivinglettersismoreofaformalgreeting.）在這種情況下，發(fā)送和接收信件更多的是正式的問候語，符合題意，放入文中符合題意，故答案選E。（5）考查對上下文的理解及推理判斷能力。根據(jù)空前的內(nèi)容don'tmakegrammarmistakes,forexample,lettersorpunctuation.不要犯語法錯誤，例如字母或標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號，這是常見的錯誤。分析選項(xiàng)，可知F項(xiàng)（你可能會留意這些常見錯誤）與之有句意的重疊。放入句中，檢驗(yàn)可知，文中之意是在寫信時，不要犯一些常見的語法錯誤，如拼寫和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號，也許你正在犯的錯誤。通過檢驗(yàn)，推斷出F項(xiàng)符合題意，故答案選F。【點(diǎn)評】七選五解題步驟如下：步驟一：快速瀏覽一遍七個備選答案，先確定哪個選項(xiàng)適合放在文章的什么位置。步驟二：快速瀏覽文章，確定文章體裁，抓住文章結(jié)構(gòu)。步驟三：分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，找出各段的主題句或主旨大意。步驟四：注意各選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的句子銜接手段，尋找句中銜接標(biāo)志詞。步驟五：區(qū)分相似項(xiàng)；步驟六：用代入法，檢查答案是否合理。.任務(wù)型閱讀Yourlifeiscomposedofallthelittlethingsweexperienceeveryday,andknowinghowtofindjoyinsomeofthoselittlethingsisoneoftheeasiestwaystolethappinessslowlyfillyourcup.Inorderforthattohappen,youneedtodotwoverysimplethings,putyourselfinsuchsituationsthatyoucanexperiencehappinessthere,andthenfindawaytosavourtheexperienceandletitsinkintoyou.Toputyourselfinthepositionofexperiencinghappinesseveryday,LahanCatalino,Ph.D,attheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,recommendsanapproachcalled“prioritizingpositivity”—organizingyourday-to-daylifeonpurposesothatitcontainssituationswhichnaturallygiverisetopositiveemotions.Itinvolvesbothcarvingouttimeinyourdailyroutinetodothingsthatyoureallyloveandheavilyweighingthepositiveemotionalconsequencesofmajorlifedecisions,liketakinganewjob,andyouwillregularlyfindyourself.Thenhowcanwefindawaytosavourthehappyexperienceandletitsinkintoyou?HereiswhatpsychologistRickHanson,theauthorofBuddha,sBraiexplains.Letagoodfactbecomeagoodexperience.Oftenwegothroughlifeandsomegoodthinghappens—alittlethinglikewecheckedoffanitemonourToDclist,wesurvivedanotherdayatwork,theflowersareblooming,andsoforth.Hey,thisisanopportunitytofeelgood.Don'tleavethemoneylyingonthetable:recognizethatthisisanopportunitytoletyourselftrulyfeelgood.Reallyenjoythispositiveexperience.Practicewhatanyschoolteacherknows:ifyouwanttohelppeoplelearnsomething,makeitasintenseaspossible—inthiscase,asfeltinthebodyaspossible—foraslongaspossible.Whensinkingintothisexperience,senseyourintentionthatthisexperienceissinkingintoyou.Sometimespeopledothisthroughvisualization,likebysensingagoldenlightcomingintothemselvesorasoothingbalminsidethemselves.Youmightimagineajewelgoingintothetreasurechestinyourheart—orjustknowthatthisexperienceissinkingintoyou,becomingaresourceyoucantakewithyounomatterwhereyougo.Itmightseemalittleclichetosay“stopandsmelltheroses”,butit'smomentslikethosethatcanbestoredinyourhappinessbankandwithdrawnlater.Livingahappylifecanbeassimpleasacceptingthehappinessthat'salreadyaroundyou.Ifyouwantmore,it'sOKtogooutandachieveit,butdon'tforgetwherehappinessreallycomesfrom.Let ComeNaturallyWiththe"LittleThings” tolethappinesscomeyourway*Putyourselfinsituations youexperiencehappiness.*FindawaytosavourtheexperienceandletitsinkintoyouGiving topositivethings*Organizeyoureverydaylife toexperiencepositiveemotions. yourtimetodothingsyouloveaswellasheavilyweighingthepositiveemotionalconsequences.Enjoyingtheexperienceandlettingitsinkintoyou*Letagoodfactbecomeagoodexperiencesothatyouhavethe tofeelgood.*Reallyenjoythepositiveexperienceaslongaspossible*Whensinkingintothisexperience,be ofyourintentionsothatitbecomesaresourcetotakewithyourwhereveryougo.—*Happymomentslike“stopandsmelltheroses”are *Livingahappylifecanbeassimpleasacceptingthehappinessalreadyaroundyou.【答案】Happiness；How/Ways；where；priority；purposely/intentionally/deliberately；Spare/Squeeze；chance/opportunity；aware/conscious；Conclusion；memorable/lasting/unforgettable/impressive【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，講述了如何從小事中獲取快樂：第一是把自己放入能讓自己經(jīng)歷快樂的情景當(dāng)中；第二是給經(jīng)歷加料，讓它和自己合二為一，得到融合。(1)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的"andknowinghowtofindjoyinsomeofthoselittlethingsisoneoftheeasiestwaystolethappinessslowlyfillyourcup"可知，講述的是用一些小事帶來"快樂"。故填Happiness。⑵考查歸納概括。根據(jù)第一段中的"putyourselfinsituationswhereyouexperiencehappiness和findawaytosavourtheexperienceandletitsinkintoyou."可知，這是帶來快樂的兩種"方式或途徑"。故填How/Ways。⑶考查定語從句。根據(jù)句子成分分析可知，youexperiencehappiness是定語從句用來修飾situations,指物作地點(diǎn)狀語，故用where來引導(dǎo)。故填where。⑷考查原詞再現(xiàn)。根據(jù)原文的"prioritizingpositivity"可知，是"優(yōu)先考慮”積極方面，注意這里要填名詞形式作give的賓語。故填priority。⑸考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)第二段中的"organizingyourday-to-daylifeonpurpose"可知，是"故意地"讓自己每天的生活充滿積極的情緒，修飾動詞organize要用副詞形式，故把onpurpose轉(zhuǎn)換成purposely/deliberately/intentionally。故填purposely/intentionally/deliberately。⑹考查細(xì)節(jié)推理。根據(jù)第二段中的"Itinvolvesbothcarvingouttimeinyourdailyroutinetodothingsthatyoureallyloveandheavilyweighingthepositiveemotionalconsequencesofmajorlifedecisions"可知，是指"擠出"時間去做自己想做的事……故填Spare/Squeeze。⑺考查原詞再現(xiàn)。根據(jù)第五段中的"thisisanopportunitytofeelgood"可知，要填表示"機(jī)會"的詞。故填chance/opportunity。⑻考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第八段中的"Whensinkingintothisexperience，senseyourintentionthatthisexperienceissinkingintoyou."可知，是指"意識到或感知"自己的意圖…，故把動詞sense換成短語beaware/consciousof即可。故填aware/conscious。(9)考查歸納概括。 根據(jù)后面的內(nèi)容陳述可知，這是做出的“總結(jié)”或得出的"結(jié)論”。故填Conclusion。(10)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Itmightseemalittlecliche(陳詞濫調(diào))tosay"stopandsmelltheroses,"butit'smomentslikethosethatcanbestoredinyourhappinessbankandwithdrawnlater"可知，Happymomentslike"stopandsmelltheroses"是"難忘的、持久的或給人印象深刻的"。故填memorable/lasting/unforgettable/impressiveo【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，原詞再現(xiàn)，詞性轉(zhuǎn)換，歸納概括和推理判斷五個題型的考查，要求考生準(zhǔn)確理解細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行推理，概括。并結(jié)合相應(yīng)的詞匯知識，做出正確答案。.任務(wù)型閱讀Goodlearnerscaninspirestudentsoranybodytolearnwell.Herearesomecharacteristicsofgoodlearners.Goodlearnersarecurious.Theywonderaboutallsortsofthings,oftenaboutknowledgebeyondtheirareasofexpertise(專長)Findingoutaboutsomethingtheydidn'tknowsatisfiesthemforthemoment,buttheircuriosityisaddictive.Goodlearnersdon'tgiveupeasily.AfewthingsmaycomeeasilytolearnersbutmostknowledgearrivesaftereffortTheytrytosearchoutnewinformation.Theyread,analyze,andevaluatetheinformationthey'vefound.Thentheystudymoreandworkatwhattheydon'tunderstand.Goodlearnersknowthatalotoflearningisn'tfun.Thejourneytounderstandinggenerallyisn'tallthatexcitingOthersneedatiresomeattentiontodetail,andstillothersneedperiodsofintensementalfocus.Yourbackshurt,yourarmsandlegsgettired,andyourcoffeegetscold.There'salwaysmoretoknow.Goodlearnersareneversatisfiedwithhowmuchtheyknowaboutanything.Theyarepulledaroundbyquestions—theonestheystillcan'tanswer,ortheoneswithoutverygoodanswers.Thosequestionsfollowthemlikedayfollowsnightwiththeanswersbringingdaylight.Goodlearnerssharewhatthey'velearned.Goodlearnersareteacherscommittedtosharingwithotherswhatthey'velearnedGoodlearnerscanalsoexplainwhattheyknowinwaysthatmakesensetoothers.Theyareconnectedtotheknowledgepassedontothemandcommittedtoleavingwhatthey'velearnedwithothers.Goodlearnersstaypositive.Theywriteaboutit,andtalkaboutit.Theylovethediscoverypartoflearning.Goodlearnersneverrunoutofquestions.Someknowledgecanbroadenourviews.Goodlearnersarewillingtoputinthetime.Somelearningtasksrequireboringrepetition.【答案】C；F；G；D；B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文。本文主要講了一名好的學(xué)習(xí)者應(yīng)該具有的一些特點(diǎn)。（1）根據(jù)后文Findingoutaboutsomethingtheydidn'tknowsatisfiesthemforthemoment,buttheircuriosityisaddictive.可知，這里提到了好的學(xué)習(xí)者對未知的事物充滿好奇，（他們喜歡學(xué)習(xí)的發(fā)現(xiàn)部分）故選C項(xiàng)。（2）根據(jù)后文Afewthingsmaycomeeasilytolearnersbutmostknowledgearrivesaftereffort.這里提到了許多知識在努力之后，才能獲得，（好的學(xué)習(xí)者愿意投入時間），故選F項(xiàng)。（3）根據(jù)前文Goodlearnersknowthatalotoflearningisn'tfun.Thejourneytounderstandinggenerallyisn'tallthatexciting.這里提到好的學(xué)習(xí)者明白學(xué)習(xí)不總是充滿樂趣，（一些學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)需要枯燥地重復(fù)），故選G項(xiàng)。（4）根據(jù)后文There'salwaysmoretoknow.Goodlearnersareneversatisfiedwithhowmuchtheyknowaboutanything.Theyarepulledaroundbyquestions這里提到了一名好的學(xué)習(xí)者總是想要了解更多，會提出更多的問題，（好的學(xué)習(xí)者沒有問完問題的時候），故選D項(xiàng)。（5）根據(jù)前文Goodlearnersareteacherscommittedtosharingwithotherswhatthey'velearned.這里提到了好的學(xué)習(xí)者會分享他們學(xué)到的知識，（他們會把它寫下來，然后談?wù)撍?，故選B項(xiàng)。【點(diǎn)評】七選五閱讀理解的題目常常出現(xiàn)在以下幾點(diǎn)：一是描述性結(jié)構(gòu)，主要介紹事物、問題或傾向的特點(diǎn)，因此時間、地點(diǎn)常是出題重點(diǎn)（記敘文）；二是釋意性結(jié)果，解釋某一理論、學(xué)科、事物，主要用比喻、類比闡述（說明文）；三是比較性結(jié)構(gòu)，把兩個人或事物的功能、特點(diǎn)、優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行對比（議論文）；四是原因性結(jié)構(gòu)，主要分析事物的成因，有客觀的、主觀的，也有直接的、間接的（說明文）；五是駁斥性結(jié)構(gòu)，主要是先介紹一種觀點(diǎn)，然后對其評論或駁斥，再分析其優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)、危害性，最后闡明自己的觀點(diǎn)（議論文）。.任務(wù)型閱讀Itisnowmandatory（強(qiáng)制）fordriversorpassengerstowearseatbeltswhileinacarinallstates.Inaddition,itisalsomandatoryforkidsofbeinsomekindofspecializedcarseat.Giventhestrictrequirementsinothervehicles,whydon'tbuseshaveseatbelts?Themainanswer,atleastforschoolbuses,isthatseatbeltsdonotmakeschoolbusessafer.Overall,travelingonschoolbusesisthesafestwaytotrave-40timessaferthanridinginacar—withonlyahandfulofdeathsoccurringtopassengersonschoolbuseseveryyear.Theseatsontheschoolbusareplacedveryclosetoeachotherandhavehighbacksthatarethicklypadded.Asaresult,inanaccidentthestudentswouldbepropelledforwardaveryshortdistanceintoapaddedseatbackthatinawayislikeanairbag.Inaddition,thefactthatpeoplesithighoffthegroundonschoolbusesalsomakesitsafertotravelonthem.Whileschoolbusesfeaturehighbackedseatsandelevatedseatinglocations,thesamecannotbesaidofcitybuses.However,fromapracticalangle,there'slittleneedtorequireseatbeltsoncitybuses.Althoughthedesignofthemodernlow—floorcitybusislesssafethanthedesignofschoolbuses,thefactthatcitybusesrarelytravelatspeedsgreaterthan35milesperhourmeansthatanycollisionislikelytobesmall,Also,giventhatmosttripsoncitybusesareshortandthatmanytripshavestandingpassengers,thepresenceofseatbeltswillmakeevenlessofadifference.Anotheranswerwhybusesdonothaveseatbeltsiscost.Itisestimatedthataddingseatbeltstobuseswouldaddbetween$8,000and$15,000tothecostofeachbus.Inaddition,seatbeltswouldtakeuproomcurrentlyusedasseats,meaningthateachbuswouldhavefewerseatingplaces.Theadditionalroominthebustakenupbyseatbeltswouldmeanthatbusfleetswouldhavetoincreasebyasmuchas15%justtocarrythesamenumberofpeople.Suchanincreasewouldbeespeciallydifficultincitiesthatexperienceovercrowdingontheirvehicles.Regardlessofwhethertheirpassengershaveseatbelts,allbusesprovideseatbeltsfordriversandmostbuscompaniesmaketheirdriverswearseatbeltsinordernottobeinfluencedbyacollision.Whydon'tbuseshaveseatbelts?TopicEveryoneis toweartheirseatbeltsinacarwhilenoseatbeltsareprovidedforpassengersonbuses.Schoolbuses:?Seatbeltsmakeno .inimprovingthesafetyoftheschoolbus.?Travelingonschoolbusesissafethankstotheirseatswithhighpaddedbacks,whichcan thestudentsfromdangerbecausetheyarepropelledforwardintotheminacollision.?Sittinghighoffthegroundonschoolbusesalso tothesafetyCitybuses:?Theirlowtravelingspeedreducestheriskofacollision?Citybusestendtotravelashort ?Manypassengersstandwhileonacitybus,makingseatbelts ?Fixingseatbeltsonbusescan inanincreaseincost.?Seatbeltscanalsolimitthenumberofseatingplacesby roomonabus.?Asaresult,anincreasingnumberofbusfleetsarerequiredtocarrythesamenumberofpeople.AruleAllbusesprovideseatbeltsfordrivers,whoshouldwearseatbeltsto theimpactofacollision.【答案】required；Reasons；difference；protect；adds/contributes；distance；unnecessary；result；occupying；avoid【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，討論了為什么公共汽車不配帶安全帶的問題，列出了兩種原因：一個原因是公共汽車上的座椅具有安全氣囊的作用；另一個原因是公共汽車安裝安全帶費(fèi)用太高。⑴考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的”Itisnowmandatory(強(qiáng)制)fordriversorpassengerstowearseatbeltswhileinacarinallstates.“可知，每個人在汽車上都需要帶安全帶，require與主語Everyone之間是動賓關(guān)系。故填required。⑵考查邏輯推理。根據(jù)第一段中的"whydon'tbuseshaveseatbelts?“可知，下文講述為什么公共汽車上沒有安全帶的原因。由Topic與Therules可推斷，首字母大寫，故填Reasons。⑶考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"Themainanswer,atleastforschoolbuses,isthatseatbeltsdonotmakeschoolbusessafer.“可知，在公共汽車上，至少在校車上，佩戴安全帶并不是更安全的，也就是戴不戴安全帶沒有影響。makenodifference固定短語“沒有影響；不起作用”。故填differenceo⑷考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"Theseatsontheschoolbusareplacedveryclosetoeachotherandhavehighbacksthatarethicklypadded.Asaresult,inanaccidentthestudentswouldbepropelledforwardaveryshortdistanceintoapaddedseatbackthatinawayislikeanairbag.“可知，公共汽車的座位靠得很近，座椅有高高的厚厚的椅背，發(fā)生在事故時，學(xué)生向前撞到椅背上，就像是撞到安全氣囊上，可以保護(hù)學(xué)生避免危險。can后接動詞原形。故填protecto⑸考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"Inaddition,thefactthatpeoplesithighoffthegroundonschoolbusesalsomakesitsafertotravelonthem.“可知，在校車上坐得很高也增添了安全性。動名詞作主語謂語動詞用單數(shù)，addto固定短語“增添〃和contributeto固定短語“有助于"都符合語境。故填adds/contributes。⑹考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的'公歸。,giventhatmosttripsoncitybusesareshort...〃可知，城市公交運(yùn)行的距離短。ashortdistance"短距離〃。故填distance。⑺考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的"...thatmanytripshavestandingpassengers,thepresenceofseatbeltswillmakeevenlessofadifference.〃可推斷，城市公交有許多乘客站著，讓安全帶沒有必要。故填unnecessary。⑻考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Itisestimatedthataddingseatbeltstobuseswouldaddbetween$8,000and$15,000tothecostofeachbus.”可知，安裝安全帶導(dǎo)致費(fèi)用提高。resultin固定短語“導(dǎo)致〃，故填resulto(9)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Inaddition,seatbeltswouldtakeuproomcurrentlyusedasseats,meaningthateachbuswouldhavefewerseatingplaces.”可知，安全帶占用公共汽車上的空間，限制了座位的數(shù)量。介詞后接動名詞，故填occupyingo(10)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，所有的公共汽車都為司機(jī)提供安全帶，用來避免碰撞的影響。故填avoido【點(diǎn)評】本題要求考生在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步通過上下文的聯(lián)系，通過邏輯推理，填上合適的單詞。.閱讀下列短文并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，每空格1詞。A2014studyfoundthatreadersofashortmysterystoryonaKindleweresignificantlyworseatrememberingtheorderofeventsthanthosewhoreadthesamestoryinpaperback.Thebrainreadsbyconstructingamentalrepresentationofthetextbasedontheplacementofthepageinthebookandthewordonthepage.Thetactile（觸覺的）experienceofabookaidsthisprocess,fromthethicknessofthepagesinyourhandsasyouprogressthroughthestorytotheplacementofawordonthepage.Surveysabouttheuseofe-readerssuggeststhatthisaffectsareader'ssenseofcontrol.Theinabilitytoturnbacktopreviouspagesorcontrolthetextphysically,eitherthroughmakingwrittennotesorbendingpages,limitsone'ssensoryexperienceandthusreduceslong-termmemoryofthetext.BeforetheInternet,thebrainreadinalinear（線狀的）fashion,takingadvantageofsensorydetailstorememberwherekeyinformationwasinthebookbylayout.Asweincreasinglyreadonscreens,ourreadinghabitshaveadaptedtoskimatextratherthanreallyabsorbitsmeaning.A2006studyfoundthatpeoplereadonscreensina"F"pattern,readingtheentiretoplinebutthenonlyscanningthroughthetextalongtheleftsideofthepage.Thissortofnonlinearreadingreducescomprehensionandactuallymakesitmoredifficulttofocusthenexttimeyousitdownwithalongerpieceoftext.TuftsUniversityneuroscientistMaryanneWolfworriesthat"thesuperficialwaywereadduringthedayisaffectinguswhenwehavetoreadwithmorein-depthprocessing."Individualsareincreasinglyfindingitdifficulttositdownandinvolvethemselvesdeeplyinanovel.Asaresult,someresearchersandliterature-lovershavestarteda"slowreading"movement,asawaytocounteracttheirdifficultymakingitthroughabook.Slow-readingadvocatesrecommendatleast30to45minutesofdailyreadingawayfromthedistractionsofmoderntechnology.Bydoingso,thebraincanreengagewithlinearreading.Thebenefitsofmakingslowreadingaregularhabitarenumerous,reducingstressandimprovingyourabilitytoconcentrate.Readinganold-fashionednovelisalsolinkedtoimprovingsleep.Whenmanyofusspendourdaysinfrontofscreens,itcanbehardtosignaltoourbodythatit'stimetosleep.Byreadingapaperbookaboutanhourbeforebed,yourbrainentersanewzone,distinctfromthatenactedbyreadingonane-reader.GreatNewsforPeopleWhoReadActualBooksReadingin helps withcomprehension?Accordingtoa2014study,readersofashortmysteryonaKindlehadmuchworsememoriesoftheorderofeventsthanthosewhoreadthesamestoryinpaperback.?Thetactileexperienceofabook significantlytotheconstructionofamentalrepresentationofthetext.?Theuseofe-readersinfluencesareader's tocontrolthetextphysically,whichlimitsone'ssensoryexperience.Makingone torememberthetextforalongtime. oftworeadinghabitsPeoplereadactualbooksinalinearfashion,usingtheirsensestokeepinmindthe ofkeyinformation.?Whenwereadonscreens,we thedeepermeaningofthetext.Peoplereadonscreensinan"F"pattern,makingitdifficultforthemtoreadthroughlongtexts.Benefitsofslowreading?The"slowreading"movementismeanttogivereadersarelatively timetofullyappreciateawholebook.?Atleast30to45minutesofdailyreadingonpapermakesyouless andincreaseyourconcentration.?Readinganold-fashionednovelhelpsus better.【答案】print；contributes；ability；unable/fail；Explanations/Comparisons；location；miss；easy/easier；stressed/anxious/worried；sleep【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了閱讀紙質(zhì)書籍有助于對書內(nèi)容的理解，對比了閱讀紙質(zhì)書籍和電子書籍這兩種閱讀習(xí)慣，說明了慢讀和閱讀紙質(zhì)書籍的好處。（1）考查信息歸納。根據(jù)第一段"A2014studyfoundthatreadersofashortmysterystoryonaKindleweresignificantlyworseatrememberingtheorderofeventsthanthosewhoreadthesamestoryinpaperback.”；以及第二段“Thebrainreadsbyconstructingamentalrepresentationofthetextbasedontheplacementofthepageinthebookandthewordonthepage.Thetactile（觸覺的）experienceofabookaidsthisprocess,fromthethicknessofthepagesinyourhandsasyouprogressthroughthestorytotheplacementofawordonthepage"可知，2014年的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在Kindle上閱讀一篇短篇偵探小說的讀者，相比讀平裝書上同一篇小說的讀者，在記憶情節(jié)順序方面明顯遜色很多。大腦在閱讀時會根據(jù)書頁在書中的位置以及單詞在書頁上的位置構(gòu)建文本的心理表征。在閱讀過程中，你手中逐漸變厚的書頁，還是一個單詞在頁面上所處的位置，紙質(zhì)書的這類觸覺體驗(yàn)都促進(jìn)了大腦的上述運(yùn)作過程。所以前兩段在主要說明閱讀紙質(zhì)書籍有助于對書內(nèi)容的理解。故填printo（2）考查同義轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)第二段中的"Thetactile（觸覺的）experienceofabookaidsthisprocess〃可知，紙質(zhì)書的這類觸覺體驗(yàn)都促進(jìn)了大腦的上述運(yùn)作過程。aid可以用contributeto替換，都表示“有助于〃。故填contributeso（3）考查信息歸納。根據(jù)第三段中的"Surveysabouttheuseofe-readerssuggeststhatthisaffectsareader'ssenseofcontrol。Theinabilitytoturnbacktopreviouspagesorcontrolthetextphysically."可知，關(guān)于電子閱讀器使用情況的調(diào)查顯示，這影響了讀者的控制感。讀者不能翻回到之前的頁面，也不能用有形的方式控制文本。所以電子閱讀器的使用會影響讀者用有形的方式控制文本的能力。故填abilityo（4）考查同義轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)第三段中的"...thusreduceslong-termmemoryofthetext."可知，因此降低了對文本的長期記憶。所以通過"reduce"可以判斷出，unable/failtodo"未能做某事〃符合句意。故填unable/fail。（5）考查歸納概括。根據(jù)第四段"BeforetheInternet,thebrainreadinalinear（線狀的）fashion,takingadvantageofsensorydetailstorememberwherekeyinformationwasinthebookbylayout."；以及第五段中的"Asweincreasinglyreadonscreens,ourreadinghabitshaveadaptedtoskimatextratherthanreallyabsorbitsmeaning."可知，沒有互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的時候，大腦以線狀的方式閱讀，利用感官細(xì)節(jié)按版面編排記住書中的關(guān)鍵信息。隨著我們越來越多地在屏幕上閱讀，我們的閱讀習(xí)慣已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了略讀文本而不是真正吸收其含義。所以第四段，第五段在對比兩種閱讀習(xí)慣。故填Explanations/Comparisons。（6）考查同義轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)第四段"BeforetheInternet,thebrainreadinalinear（線狀的）fashion,takingadvantageofsensorydetailstorememberwherekeyinformationwasinthebookbylayout.“可知，沒有互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的時候，大腦以線狀的方式閱讀，利用感官細(xì)節(jié)按版面編排記住書中的關(guān)鍵信息。"layout”可用location替換，都表示"位置〃。故填location。（7）考查歸納概括。根據(jù)第五段中的"Asweincreasinglyreadonscreens,ourreadinghabitshaveadaptedtoskimatextratherthanreallyabsorbitsmeaning."可知，隨著我們越來越多地在屏幕上閱讀，我們的閱讀習(xí)慣已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了略讀文本而不是真正吸收其含義。所以通過"ratherthanreallyabsorbitsmeaning”可知，用miss“錯過〃概括。故填miss。（8）考查同義轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)第六段中的"Asaresult,someresearchersandliterature-lovershavestarteda"slowreading"movement,asawaytocounteracttheirdifficultymakingitthroughabook.”可知，因此，一些研究人員和文學(xué)愛好者開始了一場“慢讀〃運(yùn)動，以抵消他們閱讀時的困難。所以通過"counteracttheirdifficulty"可知，用easy/easier"容易的〃替換。故填easy/easier。（9）考查同義轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)第七段中的"Thebenefitsofmakingslowreadingaregularhabitarenumerous,reducingstressandimprovingyourabilitytoconcentrate."可知，養(yǎng)成慢速閱讀的習(xí)慣有很多好處，可以減輕壓力，提高注意力。所以通過 "stress"可以判斷出，stressed/anxious/worried"焦慮的'可以替換。故填stressed/anxious/worried。（10）考查信息歸納。根據(jù)第八段中的"Readinganold-fashionednovelisalsolinkedtoimprovingsleep"可知，讀一本老式小說也有助于改善睡眠。故填sleep?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及信息歸納，同義轉(zhuǎn)換和歸納概括三個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生準(zhǔn)確掌握所給材料，根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，結(jié)合相關(guān)的語法知識和詞匯知識，做出正確答案。.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填人空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Whenbignewsbreaks,it'seasytogetcaughtupinfollowingthestoryonline.TheInternetcanbeaplacetofindusefulinformation.Helpingkidsunderstandthenewsandhowtoseparatefactfromfictionisanimportantjobforparentsandeducators.Here'ssomeadvicethatparentscanofferkidstohelpthembequickertojudgeastheyconsumenewsonline.Intherushtocoverstories,reportersmakemistakes,officialsdon'talwayshavecorrectinformationandtidbits（八卦新聞）thatsoundreasonableoftengetpassedaroundbeforeanyonehascheckedthemforaccuracy.Usesocialmediawisely.SomesayTwitterisagreatsourceofnewsinthefirstfewminutesofatragedy.Ontheotherhand,Facebookcanbeagreatwaytoconnectwithfriendsaffectedbyeventsinthenewsandtospreadpersonalnewswithinamorelimitedcircle.Beskeptical.AftertheBostonMarathonbombing,NBCSportsreportedthatsomerunnerskeptrunningallthewaytothehospitaltodonatebloodforthevictims.Nottrue.Thereareplentyofwebsitesdevotedtoexposingfalsenewsstories.TheWashingtonPostalsohasaFactCheckercolumnthatdeliversclaimsmadebypublicofficialsandpoliticians.Visitthemtofindoutifastoryistrue.Keepitage-appropriate.Kidsaren'talwaysreadytodigestbig,tragicnews-especiallyifthenewsisaboutkids,suchasschoolshootingsorabuses.Theconstantrepetitionofinformationcanbeconfusingforyoungerkids,andatthebeginningofanewsevent,parentsmightnotbeabletoofferanycorrectanswers.Remember,breakingnewsisoftenwrong.Italsocanbethesourceofmisinformation.Ifsomethingsoundstoogoodtobetrue,itprobablyis.Makesureyouandyourkidsaren'tfallingvictimtofalsenews.However,afterthatitjustbecomesmessyandlargelyinaccurate.Withsocialmediaatyourfingertips,it'sconvenienttoexpressyouropinion.Kidswhoareeagertolearnmoreaboutcertaineventscancheckkid-guidednewssources.【答案】B；A；E；C；G【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一些父母可以提供給孩子的建議，這些幫助他們在網(wǎng)上閱讀新聞時更快地做出判斷。（1）上文提示“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是一個可以找到有用信息的地方。〃承接上文，B項(xiàng)Italsocanbethesourceofmisinformation.（它也可能是錯誤信息的來源。）切題。此處also將上下文連接在一起。故選B。（2）下文提示“在匆忙報道新聞的過程中，記者會犯錯誤，官員們并不總是掌握正確的信息，而那些聽起來合情合理的小道消息往往會在任何人檢查其準(zhǔn)確性之前就被傳開?！ǔ薪酉挛?，A項(xiàng)Remember,breakingnewsisoftenwrong.（記住，突發(fā)新聞往往是錯誤的。）切題。故選A。（3）上文提示“有人說，在悲劇發(fā)生的頭幾分鐘里，Twitter是一個很好的新聞來源。〃承接上文，E.However,afterthatitjustbecomesmessyandlargelyinaccurate.（然而，在那之后，它就變得混亂，而且在很大程度上是不準(zhǔn)確的。）切題。該項(xiàng)中的However表示一種轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，將上下文僅僅聯(lián)系在一起。故選E。（4）根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“務(wù)必持懷疑態(tài)度〃。再根據(jù)下文提示“波士頓馬拉松爆炸案發(fā)生后，NBC體育報道稱，一些跑步者一直跑到醫(yī)院為受害者獻(xiàn)血。不是真的。〃承接標(biāo)題和下文，C項(xiàng)Ifsomethingsoundstoogoodtobetrue,itprobablyis.（如果某件事聽起來好得令人難以置信，那么它很可能不是真的。）切題。故選C。（5）上文提示“不斷重復(fù)的信息可能會讓年幼的孩子感到困惑，而且在新聞活動開始時，父母可能無法提供任何正確的答案?！ǔ薪由衔?，G項(xiàng)Kidswhoareeagertolearnmoreaboutcertaineventscancheckkid-guidednewssources.（想要更多地了解某些事件的孩子可以查看兒童指導(dǎo)的新聞來源。）切題。故選G?！军c(diǎn)評】閱讀理解七選五解題步驟1）分析選項(xiàng)，串聯(lián)主題：了解文章的主題、大意，會讓解題的方向更明確。2）研究空格前后，對比選項(xiàng)，選擇答案。3）復(fù)讀短文，核對答案：為了保證答案的正確性，一定要把答案代入原文，進(jìn)行核對檢查。Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Self-CareStrategiesforCollegeStudentsMostcollegestudentsdon'tputself-careatthetopoftheirtodolists.Whenyou'recaughtupinthewhirlwind（旋風(fēng)）ofclasses,extra-curricular,work,friendship,andfinalexams,it'seasytoignoreataskthatdoesn'tcomewithadeadline（evenifthattaskissimply“takingcareofyourself”）.Embracetheexcitementandintensityofcollegelife,butrememberthatmaintainingyourphysical,mental,andemotionalhealthisessentialtoyoursuccessandwell-being..Instead,taketimeouttotakecareofyourselfwithsomeoftheseself-carestrategies.GetAwayforSomeAloneTime.If