GRE作文題庫所有244道Issue題目的寫作提綱

寫作問題題庫分析與提綱第一類社會2Competitionultimatelydetrimentalto?！睔w根結(jié)底，競爭對于社會是利多弊少。Generallyspeaking，progressin。speaking,competitioncontributesprogressinsociety.Indemocraticcountries,andcompeteforpublic。Admittedly，whencompetitionoutofthecontrolmores，will競爭對于社會的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)-—--————-—-—-----——————--—--—"Itismoremoneyforimmediateexistingtospenditresearchthatmighthelpfuturegenerations.”與其花錢進(jìn)行能有助于后代的長期性研究，還不如把錢花在迫在眉睫，已經(jīng)存在的社會問題上。Humanityshouldintoaccountboth—terminterestsshort-terminterestswhen。Naturallyeachismostsolvingimmediatelyconfrontthem.whatdifferentiateshumananimalsthathaveoffutureandforwell—beingoftheirTherefore,beneficiariesofeachgenerationshouldmakeitsownforwell-beingof當(dāng)務(wù)之急和百年大計(jì)的關(guān)系—--—-———-—-—-—--—-—-------——-"Academicdisciplineshavebecomespecializedinyearsscholars’ideasonlyaaudience.Untilawideraudience,theirwilllittle近些年來學(xué)科已經(jīng)細(xì)化到了相當(dāng)?shù)某潭纫灾劣趯W(xué)者們的理念只影響小范圍的人群非者們能擁有影響到大范圍的人群否則他們的理念將幾乎毫無用處。speakerissueofinfluenceonsociety.Itthathavesospecializedthatsomescholar'sseeminglyidiosyncraticonlyaaudience。Itthatsocialscientistsfailingtothelargepublicitimpossiblefortosociety.，incertainaredoomedliveinanisolatedandpurelyacademicworld，notmeanwilllittle。過分專業(yè)化問題overspecialization--—-———----——----—--—----—-——-15.”stabilityofdependsitrespondstoofhuman”一個(gè)社會的穩(wěn)定取決于該社會對人們極端行為所作出的反應(yīng)。Itistruethathowcopestheextremesoflargely’stabilityTheextremesofhumanbehavior——asorstrikes-—dictategraveOnesolutiontothesesocialproblemssuppressing,effectiveandin。

mosteffectiveofsuchproblemsconstructivecommunicationsometimes。抽象型題目—--—---———--——-——-—————--—--—16.”manypeoplethinkthattheandoflifeareentirelyin，theyactuallypreventpeoplefromdevelopingintoand盡管許多人認(rèn)為現(xiàn)代生活的奢華和便利是絲毫沒有壞處的但是這實(shí)際上讓人們無法成為真正強(qiáng)大和獨(dú)立的個(gè)體.Agreefirsttheofautomobileourasindividuals.Insometheautomobileservesto。However，havebecomeslavestotheofautomobileonourindividuals,bywhichIof，。Inthereisastrengthofcharactercomeseschewingmodernsuch，andoneiscontributingtoacleanerandenvironment,saferandasociety.社會和個(gè)人之發(fā)展問題—----——--—-———-—-—---———---—-17。”Theretwotypesoflaws：justandunjust。individualinaresponsibilityobeyjust，evendisobeyandresistunjust。”有兩種法律：公正的和不公正的。每個(gè)社會成員都有責(zé)任遵守公正的法律，但是更重要的是，更應(yīng)該不遵守和反抗不公正的法律。：FirstwhetherisjustorisrarelystraightforwardThefairnessdependsone’spersonalvaluesystem.fairnessofalsdependsonone’spersonal，inlegalhand.unjusthaseffectofwashopedforByjustifyingaviolationofsortfindourselvesonaallofincludingcriminal。社會和個(gè)人之法律公正么？----————--—--—-—————-———-—-19。"Ifto，itputitsoverallsuccessthewell-beingofitsindividualcitizens.”如果一個(gè)社會要繁榮就必須將社會整體的成敗置于單個(gè)社會成員的幸福之上。ismadeupcitizens;therefore,thedevelopmentofiscrucialfordevelopmentofsociety.Asocietythatwellofisboundendinturmoilorrevolution。少數(shù)和多數(shù)之成功--—---------—-—-———-—--—————-—20."Nationalgovernmentsshoulddevotemoreofsocialprogramsservices1

任何一個(gè)國家的政府都應(yīng)該為孩子而不是為成人建設(shè)更多的社會項(xiàng)目和服務(wù)NoonewouldthefactthatitinthegenerationliesofThereforeweshouldattachenoughimportancetothedevelopmentofchildren。Howevernotmeanthatignoreof，upworkofsociety.孩子和成人之社會建設(shè)-----——---—-------———-—-----22.believethatfewindividualsorsmallgroups（family，friends，teachers,forhavethemtothinkandinthewaytheydo.Yetitisalwayssocietyandindividuals。”很多人認(rèn)為只是一些個(gè)人或者小團(tuán)（比如家庭友老、名人）促成了他們的思維和行動(dòng)。其實(shí)一直以來不是一些個(gè)人而是社會作為一個(gè)整體在定義我們和我們的態(tài)度.Individualsandalsochangeattitudestolargeextent.usinfluencedsociety.iseversignificantinandvalues。少數(shù)和多數(shù)之定義人生---—--——--—-----—-—-—-—---—--—23.piecesofaresult,havesopreoccupiedwithbitsfragmentedinformationthatpaylittleattentiontoissues現(xiàn)代技術(shù)使獲得大量細(xì)節(jié)信息成為可能其結(jié)果是人們?nèi)褙炞⒂谄吡惆怂榈男畔⒍苌偃プ⒁飧蟮膯栴}和全局。Accessgreatdealofinformationhelppeoplegetawiderviewofanissue，helpthempreventbeinglimitedthoughts.ustheissuesandperspectives.Topreventbyshouldholdviewtoassimilateall，buttopercolatefromthoseneedingonly少數(shù)和多數(shù)之細(xì)節(jié)信息———--———-—-------—-----——-—--29."Publicas，politicians,andexpectpeopletoinprivatelives。seek，shouldexpecttheywillloseatofprivacy。像演員政治家和運(yùn)動(dòng)員這樣的公眾人物應(yīng)該預(yù)料到大眾會對他們的私生活感興趣當(dāng)他們希望受人矚目的時(shí)候就應(yīng)該至少預(yù)期到會失去一些隱私（被大眾得知一些隱私)。Agree:Intensemediatotheofpublicfigurespresumptioninmindofthepublicthatpublicfigures'livesinterestingown。ThemediaconsistoflargechiefobjectiveistoshareholderInofthesimplygivingthewhattheyalookintotheprivatelivesof，statementbequalifiedinthathasreasonexpectotherpublic。少數(shù)和多數(shù)之公眾人物的隱私

——--—------—-—--—----—-—-—---33。Creatinganappealingmoreinsocietyistherealityortruthbehindimage。在當(dāng)代社會打造一個(gè)引人入勝的外表已經(jīng)變得比外表下的內(nèi)容更加重要了Iagreeimage，atwhereshorttermorsuccessisstake。，Ithatlongerimageyieldssubstancefact。importantofimageisinthegrowingsignificanceofimagealsoinrealmparticularlyitcomespolitics.Inthelong，however，thesignificanceofwanes外表和內(nèi)容—-——--—--——---—----—-——-—---36.”Theofcanonlybywholiveafterthem,contemporaries.”一個(gè)人是否偉大是由后人評定的而非他同時(shí)代的人。notrequirea—viewmirrortorecognizeartisticgreatness-whetherinliteratureforthisissimple:beIncontrast,initisdifficulttogreatnesswithouttheof。Intherealmofinsomecasesgreatisrecognizable，whileinotherit時(shí)間先后--——-———-——--——--———————--——40。andresearchersshouldnotwithwhethertheirworkmakescontributiontosociety.Itmorethattheyindividualinterests，howeverunusualorthosemay。"我們不應(yīng)該僅僅關(guān)注學(xué)者和研究者的著作能否對社會做出貢獻(xiàn).更要的是關(guān)注他們?nèi)绾巫非髮?shí)現(xiàn)自己的興趣無論那些興趣顯得是多么的非同尋常：Whotodecidewhichofworthwhile？Scholarscannotbelefttodecide;regulatorsbynaturewearethoseinwhichThirdly,itis“idiosyncratic”and"unusual”avenuesofthattogreatestsociety少數(shù)和多數(shù)之科學(xué)家————-—------——--——-—-—-—-————-41。"Suchnon-mainstreamofinquiryasastrology,fortune-telling，andpsychicandpursuitsavitalrolesocietybyhumanthatareby。"研究界的一些非主流領(lǐng)域如星象學(xué)卜術(shù)和意念及超自探索，在社會中起到了很重要的作用，因?yàn)樗鼈儩M足了人們無法從主流科學(xué)獲得的需求。，theseofinquiryhumanneeds，whichmainstreamscienceandotherofinherentlycannot。2

However，becausenotrootedin，theyfavoriteofotherswhoseektoon。anysurewaytoevaluateofofinquiry,participantsbecometohopes,fantasticideasandeven。少數(shù)和多數(shù)之非主流學(xué)科--—-—-—--———--—--—-—-—-—-—--——46。leadersinindustry，andattributetheirtoofcompetition,asocietyitsyoungforleadershipbyinstillinginaof"政府、體育界、工業(yè)界和其他領(lǐng)域中的一些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者將他們的成功歸因于一種高度的競爭意識然而一個(gè)社會還是應(yīng)該更好的為那些即將成為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的年輕人灌輸一種合作的意識。AgreeThechiefwhywecooperationnurturingyoungpeopletodayisthat,astomorrow’sleaders,theywillfacepressingthatsimplycannotbefromefforts。Thesecondforinstillinginyoungasensecooperationovercompetitioniseffectiveleadershipthelatterformer.Athirdreasoninstillingsensecooperationtopreferredoverinstillingofisthatlatterservestonarrowaleadersfocuseffortsof?！?—---————-—-————----—--—47."Societydoesplaceenoughon—is，reasoningandother社會對于理性還是重視不夠比如推理和認(rèn)知的能力。overlookofemotionsandfeelings，onIthatitisofourratherourwethe—beingofoursociety。Iconcedethatunduecultivatingthetheofhealthyandindividualpsychologically。Inother，however,emphasizingandcancarrynegative，evendangerous，consequencesanysociety。Thedangersofade-emphasisalltooevidentinAmerica。獨(dú)立題目———--———--—-—-—-——-——---——-——58。increasinglyoflifemoreitsolves?！爆F(xiàn)代生活越來越快的節(jié)奏弊多利少。AgreeThepaceoflifeinhealthinlargenumberspeoplehavemoretime，theyarenotinbetterpositionthantheirancestorsenjoyMorepeopletohavetherapidof。利多弊少題型----------———————------————

61.”High-profileawardsasareactuallydamagingtotheysuggestthatonlyafewpeopledeservesuch最高榮譽(yù)比如諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)實(shí)際上是在損害社會因?yàn)檫@種獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)在暗示只有少數(shù)人才配得上這樣的榮譽(yù)factthathigh-profileisinsufficientevidencesuggestsuchawardsdamagingtosociety.high-profileawardsonlyasuchrecognition。issignificantisthat—profilepointouttheinwhichallindividualsparticularshouldmakeefforts。Tomakesurethathighprofileawardspurposeof，ittheofbefairandstrictly。少數(shù)和多數(shù)英和大眾--—-—-—-—-——---——-——-——--——--65.beensoencouragedfocusdifferencesthattheyfailseemeaningfulamong，individuals，and人們被社會鼓勵(lì)而將注意力集中于顯而易見的差異上以至于人們已經(jīng)無法看到各種理念、個(gè)人和群體之間的有意義的相似。indifferentculturalwouldresponddifferentlythistheculturestofocusdifferencesamongandgroups.dangeroftraditionalsocieties，theotherhand,istoignoreforcingindividualsgroupstooneauthority。Ahealthyisbetodifferencesandsimilarities。統(tǒng)一和差異---—-————---———-—-—--------—-70"Inany—-business,politics,education，government--thoseinpowerdownfiveyears.tosuccessforisrevitalizationthroughnewleadership。"在任何領(lǐng)域中———-商業(yè)、政治、教育、政-——-掌權(quán)者應(yīng)該在五年后就讓位。這是任何機(jī)構(gòu)獲得成功的最好的方式：通過更新領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者而保持活力。termofisanandlackofleadershavefearpower,tendtopower.AleadershiphasinitiativeandwouldbringinnewHowever，incertainitmightnotnecessarylimittermofnewlackthenecessaryexperiencetocopeexistingproblems;thereforeneedaofforadaptation.新手和老手—-—-———-————-—-——-——-—-—-—--—72。understandmostcharacteristicsofabystudyingcities。人們可以通過研究一個(gè)社會的主要城市來了解它最重要的特點(diǎn)。Itislongercitiescharacteristicofsociety.citiesbeculturalofsociety。3

，however，totheofglobalization,citiesthroughouttheworldlookmorethesame.Byruralofofitsculturaltradition.少數(shù)和多數(shù)之以小見大—————--—-----———---—-———--——76。Trulyprofoundthinkersandhighlyartistsarealwaysoutofwithandtheir。"真正深刻的思想家和充滿創(chuàng)造力的藝術(shù)家總是超前于他們所在的時(shí)代和社會的。be，greatthinkersandoutofwithandartistsobscurelivesareexamplesoforiginalwhowereignoredbytime。casesofthinkersorwhowererecognizedandinstantfameintheirowntimeown。另類天才-———-——-——---———-————-—-—77?！盿re。Insteadofpursuingself—centered,goalsneedtothatsatisfactioncomesfromforgoodoffamily,thecommunity,or?，F(xiàn)在的人們太個(gè)人主義了與其追求以個(gè)人為中心和孤立的目標(biāo)，人們更需要明白滿足是源于為家庭、社區(qū)或者整個(gè)社會的更大利益的服務(wù)。Extremeaserioustoandtheofallofsociety。Somethatgreatergoodthefamily,theliesingoodofthe，whichjustifiesthepursuitofself-interests。TheproblemdauntingcontemporarysocietythatasTodaythereeveryforthesocietytoindividualstofortheof少數(shù)和多數(shù)—-—---———-——-----—-————-—---—89。Leadersprimarilybyareplacedupon?！鳖I(lǐng)導(dǎo)者主要是由身負(fù)的責(zé)任所造就的。Generallyspeaking,theresultsofcombinationofandTheplaceacouldhimhertobecomeleader.However，statementseemstoanybodycanaleaderifdemandsplacedhimor，isunwarranted.needhavetoa。時(shí)勢造英雄———-——---—--—--——-——————-—---93."Theconceptof’individualresponsibilityisnecessaryfiction.mustindividualsforown，isdeterminedbyforcesofownmaking."個(gè)人責(zé)任的概念是一種很必要的虛構(gòu)盡管社會必須讓個(gè)人對他們自己的行為負(fù)責(zé)但是人們的行為很大程度上不是自己能夠左右的。

thatresponsibilityisnecessaryfictionshasmeritinasocietyindividualsnotheldaccountableforactionschoicesisone,ofanyAcorrelativeargumentforindividualinvolvesthefactthat，anarchist，statesgivestrong。Asforthespeaker’ssecondclaim,itfliesthefaceofourexperiencesinand。少數(shù)和多數(shù)之個(gè)人責(zé)任---—-——---———-—-——-——--—--—--—”Itisprimarilyidentificationwithgroupswedefineourselves?！比绻覀円ㄎ蛔约鹤钪匾且ㄎ蛔约核幍纳鐣F(tuán)體。Istronglyagreethatweprimarilyouridentificationwithgroups，Anywouldwithcriticalroleinchild’sunderstandingandpsychologicaldevelopmentofself。Aschildrenprogresstheofandothervenues,theirearlierrecognitiontheyrelatemorecloselytothantoothersevolvesintodesireformwellandtothesegroupsfromHowever,asontheof，and，theytobymorebytheirmaritalstatus,status，andoccupation.--————————-—---—————-—-—----120。muchisnewtodaythatforanunderstandingofpastlittleforthepresent.”現(xiàn)代社會是如此的嶄新和復(fù)雜以至于回首了解過去對于當(dāng)代生活已經(jīng)沒有太大幫助了。Eventhoughhistoryfoolprooffor，author’sclaimthattoday'sworldissouniqthatisistooradical.hashelpedappropriatenessofcertainissues,asocietalHowever,onlyfromhistoryillsisthey。現(xiàn)在和過去—----—-—--——--—-------——-—126"Societyrewardsareoftruesuccess。successcanmeasuredonlyinrelationtotheoneforoneself."社會給予的客觀獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)并不能衡量真正的成功真正的成功只能是取決于一個(gè)人為他自己設(shè)定的目標(biāo)。shouldbegaugedaSociety’sexternalrewardscanonlyberegardedsociety'srecognitionofone’scontributiontosociety.ForindividualcorrectattitudetogaugesuccessinrelationtotheoneforOveremphasizingofsuccessbelittletheofindividual.客觀和主觀-—-—-—-——-——--——--——--——-—--——4

133。"Theofhavemanytocomplain:'Weliveinterribletimes.，giventhechoiceonetodaypreferliveintime?，F(xiàn)代社會的問題是很多人都在抱怨“我們生活在一個(gè)可怕的時(shí)代但是假設(shè)讓他們選擇的話現(xiàn)在的人們?nèi)匀粫x擇現(xiàn)在而不是其他的時(shí)代。liveintheofhistory。Firstly,ourtodayaresuperiorthoseofanypastgenerations.，havemadeitformenworkcomfortableworkingconditionstodayMostofthetroublingushavehumanbeingsforatime。時(shí)間---———-—--—---———-——-————---140。beitssocial,andindividualachievementsinthegreatest被社會自詡為是它最偉大的社會政治和個(gè)人成就的東西結(jié)果往往帶來最大的非議Agreewithconcession:Withtoindividualachievements,greatachieversarebynatureandthereforetodissatisfiedanddiscontentwithaccomplishmentsnohowgreat.Individualachievementsinonasocietal。Turningfromtosocietal，includingachievements，extenttoachievementhavedependsoneperspective。社會和人民大眾--——--———--—--————-———————-—wellbeingofamanyofitsquestionauthority."當(dāng)很多人都質(zhì)疑權(quán)威的時(shí)候社會就會繁榮昌盛。Agreewithconcession：Admittedly,whenmanypeople，societalharmresult，evenifcauseWhileviolenceisrarelyjustifiablemeansofquestioningauthority,peacefulchallengestoandlegalauthority,bypeople，arenotonlyjustifiablebutactuallynecessaryitcomesenhancingeven’well—beingisalsoforinthesciences.Similarly,inmustchallengeestablishedandotherwise,nonewwouldeverandbeworseoff.-—-—-—-—----—----—----———--—-mostpracticalandeffectivetoprotectwildernessistoattracttouriststothroughsensitiveprojects?！北Ｗo(hù)野生環(huán)境最實(shí)際和最有效的途徑就是通過環(huán)保的(旅游目吸引更多的旅游者來這些地區(qū)(旅游）.

swarmingvisitthemaythreattowildness。mostpracticalandeffectivetoprotectwildernessistothoseplacestocarethemselves.環(huán)保和旅游的關(guān)系-——-—-——————————————-—-——-----”onlyresponsibilityofcorporateexecutives,providedtheywithinlaw，istomakemuchmoneyasforcompanies?！惫镜慕?jīng)營者們唯一的責(zé)任就是在法律規(guī)定范圍之內(nèi)為他們的公司賺盡可能多的錢。Inseveralthispositionhasitignoresargumentsforimposingonadditionalobligationstoinoperate.theareconvincingthatprofitmaximizationwithinboundsofshoulda’soleFirst，imposingonbusinessesadditionaldutiestoinwhichtheyharmthat。Secondlybyaffirmingprofitwithinboundsisthemostforbusiness，moreprivateandindividualswillbeenterinquestofprofitstheotherhandargumentsholdingexecutivestocertainresponsibilitiesinadditiontoprofitandtocompliancewithof。---——-——--———--—---——-———---———160。mostqualityofeffectivetheabilityremaincommittedtoprinciplesandAnyisquicklyandeasilyshiftsinwillaccomplishlittle。"對于一位強(qiáng)有力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者來說最關(guān)鍵的能力就是要對一些原則和目標(biāo)堅(jiān)定不移。任何領(lǐng)導(dǎo)如果很頻繁的、很輕易的為大眾意志而轉(zhuǎn)移的話，他將會一事無成。Inissueithelpfultointurn,distinctofbusiness,—spiritual.Inthe，effectiveis，leastinourcorporateculture,whichachievesgoalofprofitfor’sshareholders。Inthe，stubborntooneobjectiveintheshorttermaleadersinterestinhisorheryetintheterminvariablyinleadersleadership,toeffective，inherentlyrequirestheremainto。少數(shù)和多數(shù)之領(lǐng)導(dǎo)與大眾-——------——-——-—---———-—--—-—indicatorofisnottheofitsartists，orscientists,thewelfareall?！币粋€(gè)偉大國家最真實(shí)的體現(xiàn)不是它的統(tǒng)治者藝術(shù)家或者科學(xué)家的成就，而是他所有老百姓的普通福利(幸福）。theoverridingofanydemocraticistowelfareitscitizenry.5

speakerprovideclearlitmusformeasuringthatwelfare。entificachievementstoenhanceanationwelfareArtisticisneededmakenationforhumansoverall。Weshouldalsobenotaisofofindividual社會精英和人民大眾thewelfare——-—--———--—---——---—-—-————171。”Peopleownforpurelyaretobenefitofworldthantrytoforpublicgood."能夠造福社會的是那些純粹出于個(gè)人原因而追求自己興趣知識的人，而不是那些打算為大眾謀福利的人。AgreeBymotivatedinwhich。，itisunusualofpersonalthatmosttocontributionsto。Thirdly，adoptaviewthatrunscontrarythespeaker’swouldtopursuitsproscribingsmacksofthoughtcontrolandoppression.個(gè)人和整體之動(dòng)機(jī)—————------———---—-———————--Lawsberigidorfixed.Instead，theyoftimes，and法律不應(yīng)該是僵化或固定的，而應(yīng)該根據(jù)不同的環(huán)境、時(shí)期和地點(diǎn)而足夠靈活。themeasurestabilityandinlawsinorderforustounderstandlegalobligationsrightsasweday-to-daybusinesssociety.theotherhand，resultinifinallatall法律的靈活性—————-—-—--——-----————--—-——-178。”Itpasslawslimits’slegislationhumannature.Lawscannotwhatisinpeople'sand。”通過法律可以控制或者限制人們的行為但是立法是無法改變?nèi)祟惐拘缘?。法律無法改變?nèi)藗兊母星楹退枷搿tisrealizethelimitsoflawwe“rulebylaw.Commontellswithoutfallintostateofchaos。legislationreformnature.shouldeducationtocultivatepeopleheartsminds-—————--———--—---—————-——Manyproblemsofmodernbebylawsandthelegalbecausemoralbelegislated.”現(xiàn)代社會的很多問題是法律和立法系統(tǒng)無法解決的因?yàn)榈赖滦袨槭菬o法用法律約束的。

IagreewiththisasitonpersonalfreedomsHowever,whenittoconductofIthatmoralbehaviornotonlybutmustbelegislatedforpurposeofalleviatingsocietalMoralitylawsthatimpingeofourliveswhatdowithandto—simplyworkin。Moralitylawsimpingingonarenotanyusefuloreffectivebypurportingservegoodofsociety,onoutweighInto，behaviorofbusinessescanandlegislation.道德和法律-—-—--—--—-———-—--——--—--—----185。"Scandals-—inpolitics,，or—beuseful.ourinwaysnospeakerorcould.”丑聞-—--無論是政治還是其他領(lǐng)域—-——可能會是有用的丑聞可以用演說家或者改革家無法使用的手段讓我們注意到某些問題。thescandalscanserveourtopervasivesocialorproblemsthatwewouldotherwisetheotherhandscandalscanservetodistractfrommorepressingsocietal——----——---—-——-—----—--——--"Itisthebuttheseldom—socialtransformationsthathavelastingsignificance."真正具有長遠(yuǎn)意義的是些被炒作的政治事件而是那些鮮有報(bào)道的社會變化Agreeheadlinemakingsensationaleventsaresuperficialandshort-lived。ofmassdeterminetheirpreoccupationwithnewsvaluevalue。transformationsplaceslowly，andarenotice——--——-—--—-----———--———----198of，shouldofindividualConformity:社會應(yīng)該多一些鼓勵(lì)個(gè)人間的差異而不是統(tǒng)一。isthatsocietyindividualstostandcharacterand。Conformitythedeathofcreativity.Asocietythatencourageswillfromcreationsandvitalityofitspeople?！癢hatevercrushesindividualitydespotism,nameitmay”(JohnMill）——————-----——-—-—-—-—-—-—--——”wayunderstandcharacteroftotheofmenandthatthechoosesasits6

了解一個(gè)社會特點(diǎn)最好的方法是去考察被這個(gè)社會視為英雄的人們的特點(diǎn)considerthesportsinmynotmerelybyvirtueofathleticprowess。Nextconsidermilitary，whoheroicbywayofinbattle,orfacingand。theotherhand,consideratypeofchampionofcauseswhoinspiresincitesmeaningfulandsocialchange--——-—————--—--——-----————-——increaseinknowledgeisforcingspecialize。aresult,thedistanceofspecializationvastinareasinfluenceeach。"知識的增加促使了人們的專業(yè)化其結(jié)果是不同的專業(yè)化領(lǐng)域之間的差異變得越來越大以至于各個(gè)領(lǐng)域中的專業(yè)人員很少能夠互相影響了Overspecializationtheworldisexertnegativeimpactsonresearchvariousfields,whichmakesitnecessaryforeducationinterdisciplinarystudies.TheintodayhasitimpossibleforonetopacewiththedevelopmentsinallAsresult,indifferenttendtofocusonlyownareaofstudy.thisoverspecializationnotacademicallyalsosocially.shouldaimcultivatingonlybutalsogeneralists少數(shù)和多數(shù)的關(guān)系之專業(yè)化————-—--——--————————————-—-—242。”shouldtrytoeveryplantandanimalofthetoinefforttime,well—”社會應(yīng)該以不計(jì)人類的努力、時(shí)間和金錢為代價(jià)，嘗試挽救每一個(gè)動(dòng)植物物種。isneedtosaveandofhumanTheofnaturalwitnessedtheextinctionofsomeplantsspecies,whichnotresultinanytheenvironment.Ofcourse,ifscientistsmoreorthatofaplantorwill，weeverytosaveit。Theprimaryresponsibilityoftrytotheenvironmentatnaturalandthenletdorestjob。人類和物種—-————---—-——-—————-—--———--244societiesdothinkers，evenwhenadmire大多數(shù)社會都沒把最偉大的思想家當(dāng)回事雖然有時(shí)候這些社會自稱是求才若渴的。orignoredinsocietiesConfuciusasgreatthinkerin，payattentiontoactuallysaid。

Johnonethegreatestinhistory,butAmericansincludingscholarsmuchInGreece，Socratesto社會和思想家第二類行為類12。attitudesdeterminedbytheirorsurroundingsbycharacteristic。"人們的態(tài)度更多的是由臨時(shí)的情況或者環(huán)境所決定,而人們自身的特點(diǎn)。Socialaimportantinforming’attitudes。，’splayanimportantinattitudesHowever,morenot，peoplesattitudesarelargelyinfluencedbytheirsituationsurroundings.Italsothatfactorsnotonlyinfluence’sattitudes,butalsocharacters——--—-—--—-—--——-——————------18。"Onlybybeingforcedtodefendanideaandcontrastingofonereallydiscovervalueofthat"只有通過排除異議和對照其他的觀點(diǎn)來捍衛(wèi)一個(gè)理念人們才能真正的發(fā)現(xiàn)該理念的價(jià)值所在。AgreeDifferentwitheachtheoftheidea.Doubtsandcontrastingprovidevaluableforreverencestoour。isrepletewithcasesinandcontributetheof?！?——-—--——-——--—-——————————-—21。isbroughtaboutwithownandstanding.whoareinreformingagovernment，aneducationalanymusttoviewedwithbytherestofworld."改革幾乎從來都不是由那些關(guān)心自己聲譽(yù)和社會地位的人發(fā)起的。那些真正熱衷于政府改革、教育改革和其他機(jī)構(gòu)改革的人們一定都是甘于被他人輕視的。meansredistributionofoftherefore，andisinevitable.Thosenotreallyinwillretreatwhenin。-———---—--——-—---———-——--—-—--25。thingsandmorecomplex。effortismovetheoppositedirection—inwords，tothingsasas7

任何人都可以把事情簡單復(fù)雜化,但需要真正努力和勇氣的恰恰相反，也就是說應(yīng)該把事情變得盡可能的簡單。Thebringsmind—growingandincreasinglydigitalworld.eventhestatementthe—called“biggovernmentphenomenon.furthercredibilitytothestatementtheofmosttolives.復(fù)雜和簡單-——-—-——-—--—-————-——---——--—27。Nopossiblyachievesuccessinthebyconventionalandconventionalwaysofthinking.”這個(gè)世界上沒有人能夠靠墨守陳動(dòng)或者思維上的)而獲得成功。waysthinkingarewillpreventfromwastingandontrialwecannothingifweonlyconfinedtotheexperience。新手和老手之墨守成規(guī)和成功-——----—-——-—---——-—--———-—-—31。”Moneyspentisalwaysagoodinvestment,evenwhentheresultsofthat花在研究上的資金基本上都是不錯(cuò)的投資即使研究的結(jié)果是有爭議的withIconcedethattheiscorrectsideofthisissue.Afterall，researchexplorationofunknownforanswerstoourquestions,forsolutionstoendureproblems.Whilemustinresearchirrespectiveofresultsmightcontroversial，thetimewebecircumspectwhoseobjectivesarevagueandtoo。Noofcanenduringofpovertyandforthattheystemfromthecertainofhumannature—as。現(xiàn)實(shí)和理想---—--—-——-——---------—-—-—--35.”Nomatterwhatsituation,itismoretocompromisebeliefsthantotothem.”無論在什么樣的情況下折衷自己的信仰要比堅(jiān)持有害。Havingaisathingforanindividualinintheformofsupport。iftooandinfluenceslifeandfamilynegatively,itbesttobeliefsomuchpersistence.Choosingtocompromisenotmeanwegiveupouroriginalbelief.thecontrary，wefindingwayperfectbelief。

信仰-—-——-——-————---—--—-—-—-————37."In，ofanegativethan?！痹诖蠖鄶?shù)社會中，競爭一般是弊多利少。Competitionbywithcheaperproductsandbetter。Competitioninnovation，bringingandtechnology。shouldnoticethesideeffectof，whichshrinkingprofit，，。利多弊少之競爭-————---——-—-—-—————---—---62?！盩hewidespreadshouldselfprimaryinlivesbecauseitassumesthatpeopleintrinsicallydeficient。認(rèn)為人們應(yīng)該把自我進(jìn)步當(dāng)做是人生頭等大事的流行觀點(diǎn)是有問題的，因?yàn)檫@樣的觀點(diǎn)在假設(shè)人們是天生就有缺陷的。the，admittingthatdeficientisfirsttowardstheotherhandonlytostagnancy。Aseriousproblemthattoofailtheforself-improvement獨(dú)立題目——----—--——-—-—--—--———-—-——-64.knowhowsuccess,knowtotheuseofit.”很多人懂得如何去獲得成功但是很少有人知道如何最好的去利用成功。Acommonofsocietyistoattain。SuccesscommonlyunderstoodmaterialgainsHowever,notensurehappiness。“”oftenignoreandneedsofwhichrenderstheirsuccessmeaningless.Attainand打江容易，保江山難———--————-————--------—--—-—68.mistakeoftreatingexpertswithsuspicionandmistrust，nohowvaluablecontributionsbe。”人們經(jīng)常錯(cuò)誤的猜疑和不信任專家無論專家們的貢獻(xiàn)是多么的有價(jià)值。shouldobjectively.’opinionsmoretrustworthythanordinary’whenittosolvingproblemsthatexpertise.realityofthattoforwhateverItisthatsometimesmakemistakeswhichordinarypeoplecorrect8

懷疑權(quán)威-—----—-—-——--—-——--———-—-—---71."Spendingtimeone”學(xué)會獨(dú)自消磨時(shí)光會使你更好地成為別人的伙伴。AgreeAdmittedly,isolatingoneselffromothersdoesautomaticallyonewhothinkworkindependentlywillbebringnewideasandnewperspectivesOne’slonelinessmakesonecraveforandcherishthetowithothers。人際關(guān)系之個(gè)人時(shí)間和公眾時(shí)間-———-——-—-——--—---——————--——74.”mosteffectivevaluetolargegroupsofisthroughtheofimages,notlanguage."和一大群人交流想法或者價(jià)值觀的最有效方式是圖像而非語言。useofimagesalwayseffectivethanoftheimagesmorevividandforaudiencecomprehend.theotherhand，imagescauseambiguities。Theeffectiveofistheuseofandof。獨(dú)立題目-——----——--———-—---————————-—75。