高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解詞義猜測(cè)題附答案x

閱讀理解專項(xiàng)突破III詞義猜測(cè)【命題特點(diǎn)】考查根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)生詞和短語(yǔ)的能力，突出考查對(duì)語(yǔ)境的分析和把握的能力?！境Ｒ?jiàn)考法】Theunderlinedword"…"probablymeans—.Theword“...''usedinparagraph**...Arefersto/suggestsThephrase"…"inthesentencecanbereplacedby.WhichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtothewordWhatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinparagraph"...'TBysayingwemean.WhatdoyouthinkoftheexpressionUsiandsfor?&Themeaningofword**../*inthepassageisrelatedto.酬定文刪釋卿語(yǔ)義 -有些概念性生詞出現(xiàn)后.作者會(huì)給出它的定義、同位語(yǔ)、修怖性從句或是定語(yǔ)?這些修飾成分可以幫助我們推斷出生詞的語(yǔ)義定義句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在文中多為：be,mean,dealwith,beconsideredtobe,referto,becalled,beknownas,define（下定義）,represent,signify（表示，表明），constitute（指。e）等。解秤則常用asyouknow,tobecalled,tomean,toreferto,thatis（tosay）,inotherwords,namely等詞語(yǔ)以及同位語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)提示下文將前面的信息加以重復(fù)或解釋。有時(shí)作者會(huì)用復(fù)述的形式來(lái)解釋語(yǔ)義.而復(fù)述部分可以是詞.短語(yǔ)或從句。還有下一些標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，如冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)、括號(hào)等都表示后文要繼續(xù)解秫說(shuō)明前文。eg.1.Thepowerfulpoisonwasimpcrccmiblcwhenmixedinliquid,thatis,itcouldnotbetasted,seen,orsmelled.（無(wú)法察覺(jué)的.感覺(jué)不到的）2.TheGreekmarriagewasmonogamous--menandwomenwereallowedonlyonespouse（fid偶）atatime. （一夫一妻制）Exercises:Paniomimcreferstoashortplayinwhichnowordsarespoken.—默劇，啞劇UAnthropologyisthescientificstudyofman.人類學(xué)Wewillmeetyouinthefoyer,theentrancehallofthetheatre.n廳Hebegantoshavehiswhiskers,whichhadgrownthickonbothcheeks（臉頰）.胡須Somecomputerscientistsarcdevelopingartiflcial-intclligcnccmachinesthattheysaywillthinklikepeople.人工智能Test1Thereisnocure（治愈）forAlzheimer's.ButadrugcalledARICEPThasbeenusedbymillionsofpeopletohelptheirsymptoms（癥狀）.WhatisARICEPT?（C）AmedicinetocureAlzheimer'sAmedicinetodelaysignsofaging.C,AmedicinetoreducethesymptomsofAlzheimer's.D.Amedicinetocurebraindamage.Test2HereisThePines,whosecookhasdevelopedaspecialwayofmixingforeignfoodsuchascaribou,wildboarandreindeerwithsurprisingsauces.

Accordingtothepassage,ThePinesisa.（D）placeinwhichyoucanseemanymobilehomesmountainwhereyoucangetagoodviewofthevalleytownwhichhappenstobeneartheBanffNationalParkrestaurantwhereyoucanaskforsomespecialkindsoffood二.利用例證猜測(cè)語(yǔ)義恭些閱讀文章為了證實(shí)或說(shuō)明茶一觀點(diǎn)，常會(huì)舉一些例子，而且時(shí)時(shí)會(huì)用一些標(biāo)志性語(yǔ)言或標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)來(lái)引出.如：括號(hào)、破折號(hào)、冒號(hào)等或諸如forexample,forinstance,suchas,andsoonJustas,like,similarity等連接詞或詞組。eg.1.Youmayborrowfromthelibraryanyperiodicals:Nature,NewsWeek,TimesandThelistener,期刊Someartistsplantheirpaintingsaroundgeometricformslikesquares,circlesandtriangles.（幾何）Exercises:,Finallytheenemysurrendered.Theythrewdowntheirweapons（武器）andwalkedoutofthehomewiththeirhandsovertheirheads,_投降A(chǔ)pplyanantiseptic,suchasalcohol（酒精），onlheskin.殺菌劑InthecomertheremaybeaChristmastreewithitsbranchesdecoratedwithshiningomamcnlssuchascoloredlightsandglassballs,andsometimeshungwithgifts.—裝飾物TestThelargestplayer-ShanghaiBashiTourismCarRentaloffersawidevarietyofchoices一一deluxesedans>minivans,stationwagons*coaches.Santanasedansarcthebigfavorite?56Thewords"deluxesedans",“minivans”and“stationwagons"usedinthetextrefersto. （C）A.carsinthemakingB.carrentalfirmsC,carsforrentD.carmakers三.利用反義關(guān)系矗同義關(guān)系推測(cè)語(yǔ)義利用反義關(guān)系推測(cè)語(yǔ)義有些生詞的后面往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)一個(gè)或幾個(gè)反義詞.或者表轉(zhuǎn)折意義的連詞，詞組等.抓住這些可以幫助我們推斷生詞語(yǔ)義。標(biāo)志詞有although,but,however,whereas（反之），nevertheless（然而，不過(guò)）?onthecontrary,incontrast（相對(duì)），ontheonehand,ontheotherhand,foronething,foranother,instead（of）,ratherthan等。利用同義關(guān)系推幣語(yǔ)義通常情況下，英語(yǔ)忌諱實(shí)詞重復(fù)。避免重復(fù)的方法之一是利用同義詞或近義詞代替。同義詞替換的修飾方法可以為我們推測(cè)詞義提供明顯的語(yǔ)境線索。標(biāo)志詞有：or,like,similarly等。cg.l.104studies,involving15,000peopleisprovingthatoptimism（樂(lè)觀主義）canhelpyoutobehappier,healthierandmoresuccessful.Pessimismleads,bycontrast（相反）,tohopelessness,sicknessandfailure,andislinkedtodepression,lonelinessandpainfulshyness. 悲觀主義— “一2.Mr.Smithlovestotalk,andhiswifeissimilarly（相同地）loauacious.慕話的，嘮叨的 一Exercises:ThoughTom'sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckremainsgrubby.—骯臟的_同種的》相似的UnliketheUnitedSlates,wheremanydiftcrcntnationalitiesmakeupthepopulation,Japan%同種的》相似的Writtenlanguagetendstobestatic,whilespokenlanguageconstantlychanges?靜態(tài)的，穩(wěn)定的Hereplied(答復(fù))quickly.Butafterheconsideredtheproblemmorecarefully,heregretted(后悔)havingmadesuchahastydecision.匆忙的，輕率的Althoughpeopleinmanycountriesconsiderrawmeatadelicacy(羌味)，wcChinesepeopleseldomcatanymeatthatisuncooked.生的，未力□工的_Test1Thegunnersliketodescribewhattheydoascharacter-building,butwcknewthattowoundananimalandwatchitgothroughtheagonyofdyingcanmakenobodyhappy.Theunderlinedword"agony”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans(C)A.formB.conditionC,painD.sadnessTest2Thehot-airballoontookoff.Itwasbuoyantintheairasacork(軟木塞)inwater.Theword“buoyanl"inthissentencemostprobablymeans (C)A.abletobeused B.abletomovefromoneplacetoanotherC.abletofloatorrisetothesurfaceD.abletocarryanything四.用語(yǔ)境猜測(cè)語(yǔ)義(1)利用“小?’上下文推測(cè)詞義，即利用生詞附近的內(nèi)容推斷生詞詞義。如：Iamarcsoluicman.OnceIsetupagoal,1won'tgiveupeasily.堅(jiān)決的?果斷的(2)利用嚴(yán)r上下殳推測(cè)詞義.即利用距離生詞較遠(yuǎn)的內(nèi)容，如疊個(gè)段落.篇章等來(lái)推斷?eg.Zipwasstoppedduringthewarandonlyafterthewardiditbecomepopular.Whatadiflcrenceithasmadetoourlives!Itkeepspeopleathomemuchmore.Ithasmadetheremotepartsoftheworldmorerealtous.Photographsshowacountry,butonlyzipmakesfeelthataforeigncountryisreal.Alsowccanseescenesinthestreet.Bigoccasionsarezipped,suchasthecoronation(力口冕典禮)in1953andtheopeningofParliament.Perhapsthesullcrersfromziparethenotablepeople,who,astheystepoutofanairplane,havetofacethebatteryofzipcamerasandknowthateverymovement,everygesturewillbeseenbya"zippersonality八.PerhapswecansympathizewhenMembersofParliamentsaythattheydonotwantdebatestobezippedZipmeansA.cinema.B.photography.C?television. D.telephone.(C)Exercises:WhenIgottothetheatre,1wasrelievedtoseethatnobodywaswaitinginline.IwasthefirsttogetthereandsurethatIcouldgettheticketwithoutanyproblem.Theunderlinedword"relieved八inthepassagemaybestbereplaceby.(B.不確定)A.surprisedB?pleasedC?producedD.soldAppletreesmaynotgrowastallastwelvemeters.Theydobestinareasthathaveverycoldwinters.Althoughnofruitisyieldedduringthewinter,thiscoldperiodisgoodlorthetree?Theunderlinedword"yielded”inthelastsentencemeans (C)A.improvedB.increasedC?producedD.soldTestThesedaysagreenbuildingmeansmorethanjustthecolorofthepaint.Greenbuildingcanalsorefertoenvironmentallyfriendlyhouses,factories,andoffices.Greenbuildingmeans,“reducingtheimpactoflhebuildingontheland",TarynHolowkaoftheU.S.GreenbuildingcouncilinWashington,D.C?said.61.Inthesecondparagraph,theunderlinedphrase"thebuilding"mostprobablyrefersto—.（A）A.anordinarybuilding B.anenergy-savingbuildingC.agreen-coloredbuildingD.abuildinginWashington,D.C.五?知用構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)語(yǔ)義 ?掌握前后緞規(guī)，懾如un?，igin-,dis-,il?等前綴與Jess等后綴可構(gòu)成反義詞：后綴-ful,-ly,-ism,-ncss等可改換詞性。而合成詞要在正確理解兩詞的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合上下文把握兩詞之間的關(guān)系.猜測(cè)詞義：而對(duì)詞義的轉(zhuǎn)化.也要求結(jié)合上下文來(lái)猜測(cè)。eg.1,Carrentalsarcbecomingmoreandmorepopularasaninexpensivewayoftakingtotheroad（不貴的）<€Evcnwhenamanissaidtobeabestfriend,”Rubinwrites“thetwosharelittleabouttheirinncrmosifeelings...內(nèi)心的Inwrcwionism（印象派，卬^主義）isaformofartwhichbeganinthe1870s.Whenyoulookcloselyataninwressionisi（卬象派的）painting,youseelittledotsofdiilcrcntcoloredpaints.Whenyoumoveawayfromthepicture,thedotsofcolorsblendsandthepaintinglooklikeithaslightplayingonthepeopleandobjectsinthepicture.TestWithoutexaminations,employerswilllookforemployeesfromthehighlyrespectedschoolsandfromfamiliesknowntothem?Aformoffavoritismwillreplace（代替）equality（公平）?—Theword八favoritism'5inparagraph3isusedtodescribethephenomenon（現(xiàn)象）that_B.brighlchildrenalsoneedcertificationtogetsatisfying（令人滿意的）jobschildrenfromwcll-respectedschoolstendtohavegoodjobspoorchildrenwithcertification（證書、資格）arcfavoredinjobmarketschildrenattendingordinaryschoolsachievegreatsuccess.（得到力戈功）A因果關(guān)系豬測(cè)詞殳 J常見(jiàn)的因果號(hào)詞有：asaresult,for,thus,because,forthisreason,so,since,consequently,sothat,so/such…that等。eg.Shewantedthehairdresser（發(fā)型師）totrimherhairabitbecauseitwastolong.（修剪剪短） 一Exercises:Theriverisso（urbidthatitisimpossibletosecthebottomevenwhenitisshallow._渾濁的Hedidn'lhearmyknockingatthedoorbecausehewascompletelyengrossedinTV.全神貫注的Itrained,sothetootballmatchwasposiponed.—推遲Theyoungmanwassobashfulthathedidn'lspeaktotheprettygirl.—害羞的七利用文花背:ft、生活常識(shí)猜測(cè)詞義 ‘J—運(yùn)用邏輯推理能力.結(jié)合社會(huì)文化背:ft和自身的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)及生活常識(shí)，再根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)?eg.1.Birdsflywiththeirwings,andtheypickuptheirfoodsandthencatthemwiththeirbeaksandtheyusetheirclaws（爪子）fortearing（撕），seizing（抓住）.pullingorholdingobjects（物體）-Mostoftherosesarebeginningtowither（枯萎）becauseofthecoldweather.Exercises:Thedrivertriedtoaverttheaccidentbybringingthecartoasuddenstop._避免，避開(kāi)_Ifamanfeelsverycold,healwayshuddleshimselfup.蜷縮WhatcouldJohnexpect?Hehadlefthiswetswimmingtrunks（游泳褲）inthedark

closet（柜子）foroveraweek.Ofcoursetheyhadbeguntomildew.發(fā)霉Afishbreathesinwaterwithgills.—魚鯉Test1Markgotonthemotorbike,1satbehindhimonthepillion,andweroaredoffintothenight.B.abayonwhichoncanrestD.aplaceforsiltingTheword“pillion"inthissentenceprobab（C）eans_B.abayonwhichoncanrestD.aplaceforsiltingA.anobjectusedforsleepingC.ascatforsecondpersononamotorcycleTest2OneofBritain'sbravestwomantoldyesterdayhowshehelpedtocatchsuspected（嫌疑的）policeKillerDavidBieberandwasthankedwithflowersbythepolice.Itwasalsosaidshecouldbeinlineforashareofupto￡30,000rewardmoney.Theunderlinedphrase"beinlinefbf*inparagraph1means_（A）_.A.gelB.bepaidC,askforD.ownA?熟詞做猜測(cè)熟詞的陌生意義通常有三種情況：該熟詞在新的具體語(yǔ)境中有了和原來(lái)考生所標(biāo)的意義不同的如：firevt.解雇finevt.罰款falln.秋天standvt.忍受考查一些代詞的指代現(xiàn)舄(3) 新詞在新的語(yǔ)境中變換了詞性eg.1.Themajormarketforceresultsin（在于）thegrowingpopulationofwhilc?c0113r（衣領(lǐng)）employees,whocanaffordthenewservice.（白領(lǐng)）Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50,000yearsago,howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodemlife?（描繪，想象）Manypeopleworktokeepanimalsfrombeingkillcd,Somepeoplehelpanimalsaspartoftheirjob,othersdoitjustbecausetheylikeanimals,Inthisparagraph,thewordrheir"refersto_（A）.A.somepeopleB.someanimalsC,manypeopleD.manyanimals思考*延伸到完形填空Thingswereverybadthatparticularwinter.Thenalettercamefromwherehersewingmachinewasbrought,announcingthattheywouldhavetopickuphermachinethenextdayunlesspaymentswerebroughtuptodate.1rememberthatwhenshereadtheletterIbecamefrightened.Icould_41_usstarving（tJL餓）todeathandallsortsofthingsthatcouldcometochild'smind.41.A.supposeB.pictureC,standD.regret（B）九實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練Asyoumovearoundyourhome,takeagoodlookatthethingsyouhave.Ilislikelythatyourlivingroomwillhaveatelevisionsetandavideo,andyourkitchenawashingmachineandamicrowaveoven.Yourbedroomdrawerswillbefilledwithalmostthreetimesasmanyclothesasyouneed,Youalmostcertainlyownacarandpossiblyahomecomputer,holidayabroadatleastonceayearandeatoutatleastonceaweek.Now,perhaps,morethaneverbefore,peoplearcwonderingwhatlifeisallabout,andwhatitisfor.Seekingmaterialsuccessisbeginningtotroublelargenumbersofpeoplearoundtheworld.Theyfeelthatthelong-hoursworkculturetomakemoremoneytobuymorethingsiseatinguptheirlives,leavingthemverylittletimeorenergyforfamilyorpastimes.Manyarcturningtootherwaysoflivinganddownshihinpisoneofthem.SixpercentofworkersinBritaintookthedecisiontodownshiftlastyear,OnecouplewhodownshiftedisDanielandLiz.TheyusedtoworkincentralLondon.Hewasanewspaperreporterandsheusedtoworkforaninternationalbank.Theywouldgotoworkbytraineverydayfromtheirlargehouseinthesuburbs(郊區(qū))，leavingtheirtwochildrenwithananny(保姆).MosteveningsDanielwouldn'tgethome