高考英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法必考點(diǎn)總結(jié)

高考英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法必考點(diǎn)總結(jié)學(xué)習(xí)構(gòu)詞法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)也是特別有利處的，那就是它能夠使我們能夠輕松認(rèn)識(shí)更多單詞，以一種奇妙的方式擴(kuò)大詞匯量，短期內(nèi)記著更多的單詞。英語(yǔ)中的構(gòu)詞法主要有三種，即轉(zhuǎn)變法、合成法和派生法。一.轉(zhuǎn)變法在英語(yǔ)中，一個(gè)單詞由一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榱硪环N或幾種詞性而詞形不變的方法叫做轉(zhuǎn)變法。動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槊~●Letmehaveatry.讓我試一試。●Theyareonlyallowedtosellsoftdrinksatschool.在學(xué)校里只允許他們銷售不含酒精的飲料。名詞轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閯?dòng)詞●Heshoulderedhiswaythroughthecrowd.他用肩膀推開(kāi)人群行進(jìn)。●Thesmellfromthekitchenmadehismouthwater.從廚房傳來(lái)的氣味使他流口水。形容詞轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閯?dòng)詞1●Wewilltryourbesttobetterourlivingconditions.我們要全力改良我們的生活狀況?！馮heytriedtoperfecttheworkingconditions.他們努力改良工作條件。形容詞轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槊~●Hedidn’tknowthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong.他不辨是非?！馮heoldinourvillagearelivingahappylife.我們村的老年人過(guò)著幸福的生活。形容詞轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楦痹~●Howlonghaveyoulivedthere?你在那邊住多久了？個(gè)別詞在必定場(chǎng)合中可轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槊~●Warmclothesareamustinthemountains.穿溫暖的衣服到山區(qū)去是一定的?！馤ifeisfullofupsanddowns.人生有喜悅時(shí)也有失落時(shí)?！馠isargumentcontainstoomanyifsandbuts.他的爭(zhēng)辯中含有太多的“假如”和“可是”。二.合成法由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單詞連在一同合成一個(gè)新詞，這類構(gòu)詞法叫做合成法，合成的詞叫做合成詞。合成詞一般看其詞，知其意。2合成名詞●名詞/代詞名詞newspaperblood-testshe-wolf●動(dòng)詞名詞typewriterpickpocketdaybreak●形容詞名詞greenhousehighway●副詞名詞overcoatoutside●名詞+v.-ing/v.-ing+名詞handwritingreading-roomfreezing-point●動(dòng)詞副詞/副詞+動(dòng)詞breakthroughget-togetheroutbreakoutcome●名詞介詞名詞sister-in-laweditor-in-chief合成形容詞●名詞形容詞/形容詞名詞world-famousduty-freelarge-scalelong-term●副詞形容詞over-anxiousevergreen●名詞過(guò)去分詞man-madesun-burnt●名詞此刻分詞peace-lovingEnglish-speaking●形容詞此刻分詞good-lookingeasy-going●副詞過(guò)去分詞well-informedwidespread3●副詞此刻分詞hardworkingfar-reaching●形容詞名詞+edwarm-heartedabsent-minded●數(shù)詞名詞+edthree-leggedten-storied●數(shù)詞名詞one-wayfive–star●數(shù)詞名詞形容詞ten-year-old800-meter-long●名詞+to+名詞face–to-facedoor-to-door合成動(dòng)詞●名詞動(dòng)詞baby-sitsleepwalk●副詞動(dòng)詞outnumberunderestimateoverwork●形容詞動(dòng)詞whitewash合成副詞●形容詞＋名詞meanwhileanyway●形容詞＋副詞everywhereanyhow●副詞＋副詞however4●介詞＋名詞beforehandoverhead●介詞＋副詞forever合成代詞●代詞賓格＋self/selvesherselfthemselves●物主代詞＋self/selvesmyselfyourselves●形容詞＋名詞anythingnothing合成介詞●副詞＋名詞insideoutside●介詞＋副詞withoutwithin●副詞＋介詞into三.派生法由一個(gè)詞加上前綴或后綴組成一個(gè)與原單詞意義鄰近或截然相反的新詞叫做派生法。前綴除少量前綴外，前綴一般改變單詞的意義，但不改變單詞的詞性。5（1）表示否認(rèn)意義的前綴●un-unhappyunfinishedundress●dis-disagreedisbelieve●in-[il-(在字母l前)，im-(在字母m,b,p前)，ir-(在字母r前)]inaccurateillegalimpoliteimbalanceirregular●mis-misbehavemisleadmistake●non-nonstopnonsmoker（2）表示其余意義的前綴●en-“使??”enrichenlargeencourage●inter-“互相”internationalintercontinental●re-“再，又，重”rethinkretellrecycle●tele-“遠(yuǎn)程的”telescopetelephonetelegraph●auto-“自動(dòng)的”automaticautomobile●co-“共同”coworkercooperatecoexist6●anti-“反對(duì)，抵擋”antiwarantifreezeantinuclear●multi-“多”multistorymulticulturalmulticolor●bi-“雙，二”bicyclebilingualbilateral●micro-“極小的，細(xì)小的”microwavemicrocomputer●over-“太多，過(guò)分”overworkoverdooverestimate●self-“自己，自己”self-centeredself-confidentself-control●under-“在??下邊，??下的，不足的”underline,underground,underestimate,underrate后綴（1）形容詞后綴●-able“可??的，擁有??的”acceptabledrinkableknowledgeablereasonable●-al“與??相關(guān)的”physical,magical,political●-an“屬于某地方的人”AmericanAfrican●-ern“方向”southern,northern,eastern●-ful/less“（沒(méi)）有??的”helpful,useful,homeless,hopeless7●-ish“如??的；有??特點(diǎn)的”foolishchildishselfish●-ive“有??偏向的”activeattractiveexpensive●-en“由??制成的”goldenwoodenwoolen●-ous“有（性質(zhì)）的”famous,dangerous,poisonous●-ly“有??性質(zhì)的”friendlyyearlydaily●-y“組成形容詞”noisydustycloudy（2）名詞后綴●-er/or“表人或器具”farmer,baker,visitor,professor,cooker,container●-ese“某國(guó)（人）的”Chinese,Japanese●-ian“某國(guó)、某地人；精曉??的人”musician,Asian,Russian,technician●-ist“某種主義或職業(yè)者”physicist,scientist,communist，socialist●-ess“表女性，雌性”hostess,actress,princess●-ment“行為或其狀態(tài)”government,movement,achievement●-ness“性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)”illness,sadness,carelessness●-tion“動(dòng)作，過(guò)程，結(jié)果”invention,organization,translation8●-ance/enceimportance,appearance,absence,existence●-th“性質(zhì)、狀況”depth,warmth,truth●-ful“（滿的）量”handful,spoonful,mouthful●-(a)bility“抽象、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)”possibility,disability,reliability●-al“過(guò)程、狀態(tài)”survival,arrival,approval●-y“性質(zhì)、狀況”modesty,delivery,honesty●-dom“處于??狀態(tài)；性質(zhì)”freedom,boredom●-age“狀態(tài)，行為，身份及其結(jié)果”courage,storage,marriage（3）動(dòng)詞后綴●-fy/ify“使得；變得”simplify,beautify,purify●-en“使成為；變得”shorten,deepen,sadden●-ize“使成為”a