2021年高考英語三模試卷（附詳解）

2021年北京市通州區(qū)潞河中學高考英語三模試卷

一、閱讀理解（本大題共14小題，共28.0分）

A

AdultEducationCourses

Woodwork

ComputerStudies

Learnthebasicsofwoodworkingwith

Technologyisadvancingatarapidpace,

simplehands-onprojectstobuildyour

andwerelymoreandmoreoncomputers

confidenceandskills.Eachlesson

foreverythingfromcookingtoorganizing

exploresadifferentareaof

ourtaxes.Thissix-weekcoursewillgive

woodworkingthatwillprovideyou

youanunderstandingofcomputer

withtheskillsneededfbrany

fundamentals,includingtheuseof

woodworkingproject.Flexiblelearning

softwarepackages(Word,Exceland

allowsyoutochooseonlythelessons

PowerPoint)andhowtousetheInternet.

thatinterestyou.

Start：May2,2019

Start：April15,2019

Time：Wed7pm-9pm

Time：Mon5pm-7pm

Cost：$300

Cost：$30perlesson

Length：6weeks

Length：Onceaweekfor12weeks

Place：SydneyCollege

Place：AdultLearningCentre

WebDesignArt

Providesadvancedtraininginsoftware,Thispracticalcourseisintendedtohelp

design,andcodingfortheweb.Studentsestablishedartiststaketheircreativity

musthavealreadycompletedarecognizedfurther.Fromsketchingandcolor,to

basicwebdesigncourseorhaveatleast2composition,paintingand

years*relevantworkexperience.Studentsexperimentingwithstyle,youwill

completingthecoursewillreceivethestudyandexploreanengagingvariety

DiplomainAdvancedWebDesign.ofcreativemediaandsubjectmatter.

Start：June1,2019Start：April21,2019

Time：Weekdays9am-4pmTime：Thur.3pm-6pm

Cost：$4,990Cost：$750

Length：40weeksLength：15weeks

Place：UniversityofTechnologyPlace：CityArt

1.Whichcoursesaresuitableforbeginners?

A.WebDesignandArt.

B.ComputerStudiesandArt.

第2頁，共24頁

C.WoodworkandWebDesign.

D.ComputerStudiesandWoodwork.

2.Whichcourseawardsstudentsanofficialcertificate?

A.Art.B.Woodwork.

C.WebDesign.D.ComputerStudies.

3.HowmuchwillastudentwhoattendsonlyhalfofalltheWoodworklessonspayintotal?

A.$30.B.$180.C.$250.D.$360.

B

Fromtheverybeginningofschoolwemakebooksandreadingaconstantsourceofpossible

failureandpublichumiliation（侮辱）.Whenchildrenarelittlewemakethemreadaloudbefore

theteacherandotherchildren,sothatwecanbesurethey"know"allthewordstheyarereading.

Thismeansthatwhentheydon'tknowaword,theyaregoingtomakeamistake,rightinfront

ofeveryone.Afterhavingtaughtfifth-gradeclassesforfouryears,Idecidedtotryatallcoststo

ridthemoftheirfearanddislikeofbooks,andtogetthemtoreadoftenerandmore

adventurously.

Onedaysoonafterschoolhadstarted,Isaidtothem,"NowI'mgoingtosaysomethingabout

readingthatyouhaveprobablyneverheardateachersaybefore.Iwouldlikeyoutoreadalot

ofbooksthisyear,butIwantyoutoreadthemonlyforpleasure.Iamnotgoingtoaskyou

questionstofindoutwhetheryouunderstandthebooksornot.Ifyouunderstandenoughofa

booktoenjoyitandwanttogoonreadingit,that'senoughforme.AlsoFmnotgoingtoask

youwhatwordsmean."

Thechildrensatstunnedandsilent.Wasthisteachertalkingseriously?Onegirl,whohadjust

cometousfromaschoolwhereshehadhadaveryhardtime,lookedatmesteadilyforalong

timeafterIhadfinished.Then,stilllookingatme,shesaidslowlyandseriously,HMr.Holt,do

youreallymeanthat?”Isaidjustasseriously,nImeaneverywordofit."

Duringthespringshereallyastonishedme.Oneday,shewasreadingatherdesk.Froma

glimpseoftheillustrations（插圖）IthoughtIknewwhatthebookwas.Isaidtomyself,nIt

can'tbe,"andwenttotakeacloserlook.Sureenough,shewasreadingMobyDick.Isaid,

"Don'tyoufindpartsofitratherheavygoing?”Sheanswered,HOh,sure,butIjustskipover

thosepartsandgoontothenextgoodpart."

Thisisexactlywhatreading,Ithink,shouldbe：findsomething,diveintoit,takethegood

parts,skipthebadparts,getwhatyoucanoutofit,andthengoontosomethingelse.

4.Accordingtothepassage,children'sfearanddislikeofbooksmayresultfrom.

A.readinglittleandthinkinglittle

B.readingoftenandadventurously

C.beingmadetoreadtoomuch

D.beingmadetoreadaloudbeforeothers

5.Theteachertoldhisstudentstoread.

A.forhigherscoresinexamsB.forknowledge

C.forenjoymentD.foralargervocabulary

6.Uponhearingtheteacher'stalk,thechildrenprobablyfeltthat.

A.itsoundedstupid

B.itwasnotsurprisingatall

C.itsoundedtoogoodtobetrue

D.itwasnodifferentfromotherteachers*talk

c

Notallwastehastogotowaste.Mostoftheworld's2.22billiontonsofannualtrashendsupin

landfillsoropendumps.VeenaSahajwalla,amaterialsscientistandengineerattheUniversity

ofNewSouthWalesinSydney,Australia,hascreatedasolutiontoourmassivetrashproblem：

wastemicrofactories.Theselittletrashprocessors（處理器）-someassmallas500squarefeet

-houseaseriesofmachinesthatrecyclewasteandtransformitintonewmaterialswiththermal

technology.Thenewall-in-oneapproachcouldleaveourcurrentrecyclingprocessesinthe

dust.

Sahajwallalaunchedtheworld'sfirstwastemicrofactorytargetingelectronicwaste,ore-waste,

in2018inSydney.Asecondonebeganrecyclingplasticsin2019.Now,herlabgroupis

workingwithuniversityandindustrypartnerstocommercializetheirpatentedMicrofactory

technology,"Thesmallscaleofthemachineswillmakeiteasierforthemtoonedayoperateon

renewableenergy,unlikemostlargemanufacturingplants.Theapproachwillalsoallowcities

torecyclewasteintonewproductsonlocation,avoidingthelong,ofteninternational,

high-emissionjourneysbetweenrecyclingprocessorsandmanufacturingplants.Witha

microfactory,gonearethedaysofneedingseparatefacilitiestocollectandstorematerials,

extract（提?。〆lementsandproducenewproducts,"saysSahajwalla.

第4頁，共24頁

Traditionally,recyclingplantsbreakdownmaterialsforreuseinsimilarproducts-likemelting

downplastictomakemoreplasticthings.Sahajwalla'sinventionevolvesthisideabytaking

materialsfromanoldproductandcreatingsomethingdifferent."Thekidsdon'tlooklikethe

parents,1'shesays.Forexample,themicrofactoriescanbreakdownoldsmartphonesand

computermonitorsandextractsilica(fromtheglass)andcarbon(fromtheplasticcasing),

andthencombinethemintosiliconcarbidenanowires(碳化硅納米線).Thisgeneratesa

commonceramicmaterialwithmanyindustrialuses.Sahajwallareferstothisprocessasnthe

fourthR,"adding"re-form"tothecommonphrase''reduce,reuse,recycle".

In2019,just17.4percentofe-wastewasrecycled,sotheabilitytore-formoffersacrucial

newdevelopmentinthechallengeofrecyclingcomplexelectronicdevices.nWecandoso

muchmorewithmaterials,'*saysSahajwalla.traditionalrecyclinghasnotworkedforevery

recyclingchallenge.'1Sheandherteamarealreadyworkingtoinstallthenextwaste

microfactoryintheAustraliantownofCootamundrabyearly2021,withthegoalof

expandingaroundthecountryoverthenextfewyears.

7.Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?

A.Topresenttheprocessofrecyclingwaste.

B.Tointroduceanewtypeoftrashprocessor.

C.Toprovetheseriousnessofthetrashproblem.

D.Toshowthecurrentsituationoftrashrecycling.

8.WhatareSahajwalla'swordsinparagraph2mainlyabout?

A.Thescaleofwastemicrofactories.

B.Thefoundingofwastemicrofactories.

C.Theinfluencesofwastemicrofactories.

D.Theadvantagesofwastemicrofactories.

9.Whatdoes"re-form"refertoaccordingtoSahajwalla?

A.Extractingmaterialsfromthewaste.

B.Updatingthewholerecyclingprocess.

C.Generatingnewmaterialswithwaste.

D.Transformingwasteintosimilarproducts.

10.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?

A.Abusinessreport.B.Asciencemagazine.

C.Achemicaltextbook.D.Afictionnovel.

D

Sleepdeprivation(缺失)isanimportanthiddenfactorinloweringtheachievementofschool

pupils,accordingtoresearcherscarryingoutinternationaleducationtests.

Itisaparticularprobleminrichercountrieswithsleepexpertslinkingittotheuseofmobile

phonesandcomputersinbedroomlateatnight.Sleepdeprivationissuchaseriousproblemthat

lessonshavetobedraggeddowntoalowerleveltosuitsleep-deprivedlearners,thestudy

found.Theinternationalcomparison,carriedoutbyBostonCollege,foundtheUnitedStatesto

havethehighestnumberofsleep-deprivedstudents,with73%of9-and10-year-oldsand80%

of13-and14-year-oldsidentifiedbytheirteachersasbeingnegativelyaffected.

Inliteracy(讀寫能力)teststherewere76%of9-and10-year-oldslackingsleep.Thiswas

muchhigherthantheinternationalaverageof47%ofprimarypupilsneedingmoresleepand

57%amongthesecondaryagegroup.

Othercountrieswiththemostsleep-deprivedyoungsterswereNewZealand,Saudi

Arabia,Australia,England,IrelandandFrance.High-performingFinlandisalsoamongthe

mostlackinginsleep.Countrieswiththebestrecordsforgettingenoughsleepinclude

Azerbaijan,Kazakhstan,Portugal,theCzechRepublic,JapanandMalta.

Theanalysiswaspartofthehugedate-gatheringprocessforglobaleducationrankings,the

TrendsinInternationalMathematicsandScienceStudy(TIMSS)andProgressinInternational

ReadingLiteracyStudy(PIRLS).

nIthinkweunderestimatetheimpactofsleep.Ourdatashowthatacrosscountries

internationally,onaverage,childrenwhohavemoresleepachievehigherinmaths,scienceand

reading.Thatisexactlywhatourdatashow,11saysChadMinnichoftheTIMSSandPIRLS

InternationalStudyCenter.

"It'sthesamelinkforchildrenwhoarelackingbasicnutrition,"saysMrMinnich,basedatthe

LynchSchoolofEducation,BostonCollege."Ifyouareunabletoconcentrate,toattend

mentally,youareunabletoachieveatyourbestlevel,becauseyourmindandbodyareinneed

ofsomethingmorebasic.Sleepisafundamentalneedforallchildren.Ifteachersreportsuch

largeproportionsofchildrensufferingfromlackofsleep,it'shavingasignificantimpact.But

worsethanthat,teachersarehavingtoadjusttheirinstructionbasedonthosechildrenwhoare

sufferingfromalackofsleep.Thechildrenwhoaresufferingfromalackofsleeparedriving

downinstruction.'*Thatmeansthateventhechildrenwhoaregettingenoughsleeparestill

sufferingfromthissleep-relatedlowering.

第6頁，共24頁

11.WhatdidtheresearchersofBostonCollegetrytofind?

A.Whychildrendon'tgetenoughsleep

B.Howmanyhourschildrensleepeverynight

C.Therelationshipbetweensleepandtestresults

D.Therelationshipbetweensleepandhealth

12.Manychildrensufferfromsleepdeprivationbecause.

A.theysitinfrontoftheTVfortoolong

B.theycanhardlysleepsoundlyanddeeply

C.theirhomeworkoccupiestoomuchoftheirtime

D.moderntechnologicaldevicesconsumealotoftheirtime

13.Whichofthefollowingcountrieshasthemostsleep-deprivedstudents?

A.JapanB.MaltaC.FinlandD.Portugal

14.Whyarechildrenwhogetenoughsleepalsovictims?

A.Becausetheyaredisturbedbysleep-deprivedstudents

B.Becauseteachingisdrivendownbysleep-deprivedstudents

C.Becausetheyhavetospendtimehelpingsleep-deprivedstudents

D.Becausetheteacherswastetimediscipliningsleep-deprivedstudents

二、閱讀七選五(本大題共5小題，共10?0分)

Theadventofhigh-techeraisstillbasedonthedevelopmentofhumanabilitytousetools.

(1).Thepositiveaspectsoftheseabilitiesweredugoutbyhumansurvivalinstinct,

whilethenegativeoneswereignoredbecausetheywereinsignificant.

Whenorganizedcivilizationbegantoappearontheearth,peoplebegantomakevehicles.(2)

.Onthecontrary,theymadetheburdenofslavesheavierandincreasedthepossibility

ofcivilianuprising.

DuringthealternationperiodbetweentheMiddleAgesandthemodemworldinthe17thand

19thcenturies,whentheindustrialrevolutionwasflourishing,thereweremanygreat

inventionsinthehandsofhumanbeings,suchasthesteamengineandmanyfactories.(3)

.Thepositivesideprovidedasolidfoundationforscientificexploration,greatly

enhancedthepower,andgreatlyenhancedthecarryingcapacity.Thenegativesideisthatthe

environmentalpollutionisgreatlyaggravated.

Inthe20thcentury,mankindbegantousenuclearenergy,andtheadvantagesgainedfromthe

17thto19thcenturiescontinuedtogrowsubstantially.(4).Butatthesametime,the

negativeeffectswerealsoincreasingsecretly.Theleakageofnuclearenergymakesthe

economyofsomecountriesfacecollapse(suchasJapan),andaslongasaterroristhas

masteredthecodeforlaunchinganuclearbomb,humanlifeintheworldwillbeatstake.

Inthe21stcentury,thepositiveandnegativeaspectsbroughtaboutbynucleardeterrencehave

stabilizedandstoppedgrowing.(5).Butthedisadvantagesareinevitable.For

example,theInternetmakesmanynetizensaddictedtotheInternet,thenetworkcrimeis

rampant,andthedevelopmentofartificialintelligencetoacertainextentmayproduce

self-consciousness,anditispossibletoresisthumanbeingswithitshighintelligence.

Asforthefbllow-up,wecanonlyseehowhumanbeingsdecidetheirowndirection.

A.Fromancienttimes,humanbeingsbegantolearntousestoneaxestocutdowntreesand

drillwoodforfire.

B.Inaddition,nucleardeterrencestabilizedtheworldsituation,especiallywiththecomingof

thenextWorldWar.

C.Therearebothadvantagesanddisadvantagesinscienceandtechnology.Weshouldtreatthe

rapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologywithcorrecteyes.

D.Onthepositiveside,theymainlyenhancedthecarryingcapacityandhadmorefunctions.

E.Thepositiveandnegativeaspectsincreasedinproportion.

F.However,theInternet,artificialintelligence,newenergydevelopmentandotheremerging

fieldshavegreatlybenefitedmankind.

G.Soweshouldresistthebadfactorstopromotethefurtherdevelopmentofscienceand

technology.

15.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

第8頁，共24頁

三、完形填空(本大題共10小題，共15.0分)

Fourth-grader,SarahHaycox,madeithermissiontorightawrong.Andindoingso,shehas

showntheworldwhatone(1)person,withpassion,cando.

Oneday,whenwalkingbyanathleticfieldnearherschool,Sarahnoticedasmallmemorial

withthenameEdwinT.Prattandtheyear1930-1969onit.She(2)whohewasand

whathedid.

Aftersome(3),shelearnedthathewasacivilrightsleaderwhohaddonemany

goodthingsto(4)others.Sadly,hewas(5)justbecausesomeonedisagreed

withwhathewasdoing.

Feelingthatthesmallmemorialwashardlybigenoughforamanwhohadsomuch(6)

onothers,Sarah(7)todosomething!

Therewasanew(8)goingupnearbyforyoungkids.Shefoundoutwhowerein

chargeofthebuildingprojectandaskedthemifitcouldbenamedafterMr.Pratt.Through

greatefforts,hervisioncametoreality!Almost50yearsafterhisdeath,EdwinPratt'slifeand

impactwillbecelebratedasthenameofthenewschool.

MostkidssimplyhadwalkedbythememorialwithoutthinkingaboutwhoMr.Prattwas.But

Sarahhadthe(9)tolearnmore,thevisiontoimaginesomethingbetterandthecourage

topursueheridea.Heramazingactionshave(10)manyotheryoungpeoplearound

theworld.

20.A.honestB.shyC.cleverD.young

21.A.forgotB.realizedC.wonderedD.explained

22.A.discussionB.researchC.practiceD.thought

23.A.teachB.rescueC.helpD.repay

24.A.killedB.punishedC.blamedD.arrested

25.A.impactB.impressionC.reflectionD.dependence

26.A.stoppedB.decidedC.happenedD.announced

27.A.libraryB.theatreC.schoolD.hospital

28.A.curiosityB.confidenceC.chanceD.energy

29.A.astonishedB.protectedC.attractedD.inspired

四、語法填空(本大題共1小題，共15.0分)

30.AThecarrierrocketsentaShenzhou-11spacecraft(航天器)withastronautsChenDong

andJingHaipengintospace.Therocketwasfired(1)theJiuquanSatellite

LaunchCenterintheGobidesert.AftertwodaysinEarth'sorbit,thespacecraftwasto

linkupwithChina'sspacelaboratory,(2)(know)astheTiankong-2,(3)

namemeans"HeavenlyPalace2".Thelab(4)(place)intoorbitlast

month.

B

Therewasafarmerwhoalwayssoldapoundofbuttertoabaker.Onedaythebaker

decidedtoweighthebuttertoseeifhewasgettingapoundandfoundthathewasnot.This

angeredhim,sohetookthefarmertocourt.Thejudgeaskedthefarmer(5)he

hada(6)(measure)tool.Thefarmerreplied,"Ihaveapairofscale.Ihavebeen

buyingapoundofbreadfromhim.Whenthebaker(7)(bring)methebread,

Ialwaysputitonmyscaleandgivehimthesameweightofbutter."

CTheyear2018marksthe40thanniversaryofChina'sreformandopening-up.Thepast

fourdecadeshasseenChinashiftitssocietyfromafarmers*communitytoadigitalculture

(8)(successful).UndertheleadershipofCPC,many(9)

(achievement)canbeseenineveryfield.ThelifeoftheChinesepeoplehasimproved,

withmillionsofpeoplebeingliftedoutofpoverty.

Thecountrynowhastheworld's(10)(large)high-speedrailnetwork.And

witharound800millionInternetusers,Chinahasbecometheworld'sfastest-growing

onlineshoppingmarket.

五、閱讀表達(本大題共1小題，共12.0分)

31.APhDstudentinMichigandefendedherpaperwhilewearingaskirtmadeofrejection

lettersshereceivedwhilestudying.29-year-oldCaitlinKirbyprintedout17ofher

rejectionletters-fromscholarships,academicjournals,andconferences-thenfolded

eachoneintoafan.Sheconnectedtheminrows,andbytheendshedesignedtheiteminto

askirtandworeit.

Shesaidthattheideabehindheruniqueclothingitemcameoutofadesiretonormalize

rejectionandtakeprideinovercomingit."Thewholeprocessofrevisitingthoseoldletters

andmakingthatskirtsortofremindedmethatyouhavetoapplytoalotofthingsto

succeed,'1shesaid."Anaturalpartoftheprocessistogetrejectedalongtheway.1'

Caitlin'sadviser,JulieLibarkin,aprofessorofearthandenvironmentalscienceat

MichiganStateUniversity,alsoencouragestheacceptanceoffailureinherstudents.

Libarkinbelievesit'simportantforstudentstogetintohabitofapplyingforthings,andto

第10頁，共24頁

getusedtothefeelingofrejection,sosheencouragesthemtochaseafteranyopportunity

thatcomestheirway.Ifastudentdoesn*tgetthegrantorthespotintheacademicjournal,

that*sokay.They'llstillhavelearnedsomethingintheprocess.

AsforCaitlin?Herrejectionsovertheyearshaveledtogreatthings：Sinceher

doctorate,she'swonascholarshiptodofurtherresearchonurbanagricultureinGermany.

Currently,she*sapost-doctoralresearcherattheUniversityofNebraska-Lincoln.Asfor

whatthefutureholds?"I'mpreparedtoreceiveafewmorerejectionlettersalongthe

way,"shejokedheartily,nMaybe1,11makealongerskirt."

WhatcanwelearnaboutCaitlinKirby'srejectionletters?

AccordingtoParagraph3,whatisJulieLibarkin'sattitudetowardsCaitlin'saction?

Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.

APhDstudentinMichigandefendedherpaperwhilewearingaskirtmadeofrejectionletters

shereceivedwhilestudying.Butshedecidedtostopmakingthiskindofskirtanymore.

Whenyourclosefriendisfacedwithfailures,howwillyouencouragehim/her?(about40

words)______

六、書面表達(本大題共1小題，共20.0分)

32.假設你是紅星中學校學生李華。校運會將于下周五舉行，學生會需要向全校招募

30名志愿者。請你給國際部好友Jim寫封電子郵件，邀請他參加。內(nèi)容包括：

1.對志愿者的要求；

2.志愿者工作內(nèi)容；

3.報名時間和地點。

注意：

1.詞數(shù)100左右;

2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。

DearJim,

Yours,

LiHua

答案和解析

1.【答案】

【小題1】D【小題2】C【小題3】B

【解析】(1)D.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ComputerStudies中的介紹

"Thissix-weekcoursewillgiveyouanunderstandingofcomputerfundamentals這門為期六

周的課程將使你了解計算機基礎(chǔ)知識?！笨芍@門課程會使你了解計算機基礎(chǔ)知識，

與Woodwork中第一句

"Learnthebasicsofwoodworkingwithsimplehands-onprojectstobuildyourconfidencean

dskills.學習簡單的動手項目木工的基礎(chǔ)知識，以建立您的信心和技能”可知，這門課程

會學習基本的木工與簡單的動手項目，可知，這兩門課程都是適合新手的基礎(chǔ)課程，故

選D.

(2)C.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WebDesign最后一句

"StudentscompletingthecoursewillreceivetheDiplomainAdvancedWebDesign.完成課

程的學生將獲得高級網(wǎng)頁設計文憑。"可知，完成課程的學生將獲得高級網(wǎng)頁設計文憑。

所以WebDesign課程授予學生官方證書。故選C.

(3)B.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Woodwork的收費要求Cost：$30perlesson,Length：12weeks

費用：每節(jié)課30美元，時長：12周?？芍n程一共持續(xù)十二周，每節(jié)課30美元。故

可知半學期，即六周的課程需要花費6*30=180美元。故選B.

本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了成人教育的幾項課程。

1.直接信息題：

直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項在語言表達上與原文基本一致的題目。

2.間接信息題：

間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語言表達上與原文有差異，做題時需要對原

文信息進行轉(zhuǎn)換。

3.綜合信息題：

綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是原文的幾句話，或

者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求學生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析，而不能斷章

取義。

4.【答案】

第12頁，共24頁

【小題1】D【小題2】C【小題3】C

［解析］(1)D.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"Whenchildrenarelittle,wemakethemread

aloud.beforetheteacherandotherchildren,sothatwecanbesurethey"know"allthewords

theyarereading.Thismeansthatwhentheydon'tknowaword,theyaregoingtomakea

mistake,rightinfrontofeveryone."

當孩子們很小的時候，我們讓他們在老師和其他孩子面前大聲朗讀，這樣我們就可以確

保他們“知道”他們正在讀的所有單詞。當他們不知道單詞的時候，他們會犯錯，而且是

在所有的人面前犯錯，這會給他們帶來一些害怕。"可知孩子們對書的恐懼和厭惡是由

在別人面前大聲朗讀引起的。故選D.

(2)C.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段老師的話"Iwouldlikeyoutoreadalotofbooksthis

year,butIwantyoutoreadthemonlyforpleasure"我希望你今年讀很多書，但我希望你只

是為了消遣而閱讀?？梢娎蠋熓窍胱寣W生們?yōu)榱藰啡ざx書，故選C.

(3)C.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Thechildrensatstunnedandsilent.孩子們震驚和沉默

地坐著。"第三段第四行"seriously,'Mr.Holt,doyoureallymeanthat?"不能得出答案。當

老師說了這些話之后，孩子們都很震驚，很奇怪，所以他會確定問老師是不是真的這樣？

這表明學生是很不太相信的。答案選項的itsoundedtoogoodtobeIrue,意為聽起來太好

了以致不相信這是真的。故選C.

本文主要講述作者如何培養(yǎng)學生們的閱讀能力。

閱讀理解解題步驟：首先對原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意。因為閱讀理解題

一般沒有標題，所以，速讀全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速讀的過程中，應盡可能

多地捕獲信息材料。

其次，細讀題材，各個擊破。掌握全文的大意之后，細細閱讀每篇材料后的問題，弄清

每題要求后，帶著問題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關(guān)信息。

要善于抓住每段的主題句，閱讀時，要有較強的針對性。對于捕獲到的信息，要做認真

分析，仔細推敲，理解透徹，只有這樣，針對題目要求，才能做到穩(wěn)、準。

7.【答案】

【小題1】B【小題2】D【小題3】C【小題4】B

【解析】（1）B.目的意圖題。根據(jù)第一段

Notallwastehastogotowaste.Mostoftheworld's2.22billiontonsofannualtrashendsup

inlandfillsoropendumps.VeenaSahajwalla,amaterialsscientistandengineerattheUniver

sityofNewSouthWalesinSydney,Australia,hascreatedasolutiontoourmassivetrashpro

blem：wastemicrofactories.Theselittletrashprocessors（處理器）

-someassmallas500squarefeet-houseaseriesofmachinesthatrecyclewasteandtransfer

mitintonewmaterialswiththermaltechnology.Thenewall-in-oneapproachcouldleaveou

rcurrentrecyclingprocessesinthedust.（不是所有的廢物都要浪費掉。世界上每年22.2

億噸的垃圾中，大部分最終被填埋或露天傾倒。澳大利亞悉尼新南威爾士大學的材料科

學家和工程師VeenaSahajwalla發(fā)明了一種解決大量垃圾問題的方法：垃圾微型工廠。

這些小的垃圾處理器有些只有,500平方英尺容納了一系列的機器，這些機器可以回收垃

圾，并通過熱工技術(shù)將其轉(zhuǎn)化為新材料。這種新的一體化方法可能會讓我們目前的回收

過程相形見細）可推知，第一段的目的是介紹一種新型垃圾處理器。故選B.

（2）D.段落大意題。根據(jù)第段中

Thesmallscaleofthemachineswillmakeiteasierfbrthemtoonedayoperateonrenewable

energy,unlikemostlargemanufacturingplants.Theapproachwillalsoallowcitiestorecycle

wasteintonewproductsonlocation,avoidingthelong,ofteninternational,high-emissionjo

urneysbetweenrecyclingprocessorsandmanufacturingplants.Withamicrofactory,goneare

thedaysofneedingseparatefacilitiestocollectandstorematerials,extract（提?。?/p>

elementsandproducenewproducts,"saysSahajwalla.（SahajwallaUt：”與大多數(shù)大型制造

工廠不同，小規(guī)模的機器將使它們將來更容易使用可再生能源這種方法還將使城市能夠

就地將廢物回收成新產(chǎn)品，避免了在回收處理和制造I廠之間進行長期的、通常是國際

性的、高排放的旅程。有了微型工廠，需要單獨的設備來收集和存儲材料、提取元素

和生產(chǎn)新產(chǎn)=品的日