杭州市 高考英語 閱讀理解專題練習(xí)

杭州市最新高考英語閱讀理解專題練習(xí)(及答案)一、高英語閱讀理1．閱讀理解we'realwaysbeingtoldgetmoresleep.Studiessuggestspendinglesstimeonsleepcanleadtoobesity(肥)andevencancer.Youfindyourselfafullofmemories.Butrarelydoesscienceexploredarksideofsleepingmuch.That'sfewofusintoday'sbusyworldhavetheluckofexploringthatoption.InanAuguststudy,publishedintheJournaloftheAmericanHeartAssociation,researchersresearchedthesleeppatternsthose"fortunate"fewandfoundtheymaynotbesoluckyafterall.Infact,theyfoundpeoplewhogetmorethaneighthoursofsleepgreaterhealthriskcomparedtothosesleeptogetherlessthanhours.What'smore,sleep-aholics-thosewhomanagetoget10hoursanight-standa30percenthigherchanceofdyingcomparedtheseven-hourcrowd.Thewide-rangingglobalstudy涉及)morethanthreemillionpeopleself-reportedontheirsleephabitscameeye-openingconclusion:Ifyoutendtosleepalot,youmaywanttobuyanalarmAswiththingssleepbesttakenin適度.Youbethinking:WhatifIonlysleepinonSaturdayandSunday,amIatrisk?Theansweryes,accordingtoa2019studypublishedCurrentBiology.Researchersdiscoveredthatevenifapersonsleepsmorethanhoursonbutstillsleepsthanthatonweeknights,theyareriskgainingweightanddevelopingsensitivitytoinsulin,whichcontrolslevelsugarblood.Forthestudy,participantsweredividedintothreegroupsthateachdifferentsleepschedule:ninehourseverynight,hourseverynight,andhoursfromtoandsleepingonweekends.Peoplegettoosleeptendtofeeltiredandlackenergy.Also,both眠不足)groupsconsumemoreandgainweight.（）istheharmfuleffectofsleepingmuchseldomstudied?A.Fewpeoplehavetimetosleeptoomuch.Lacksleepcausesmuchmoreharm.Itturnsoutahealthysleeppattern.D.People'shealthhasnothingtodowithit.（）theunderlined"those'fortunate'few"inparagraph2referto?A.ThoseleadingarelaxingThosegettingmuchThosewithlesstimetosleep.D.Thosesleepproblems.（）belearnedthe2019study?A.Sleepingmuchisparticularlybeneficialtohungrypeople.B.Manypeoplesleepmoreonweekendsthanonweekdays.AnalarmclockofhighqualityisimportantforgoodPeoplesleepmuchonlyweekendsalsohealthrisk.（）isideaofthetext?A.Itisnecessarysaveenoughtimeforsleep.

B.muchcanresultingainingweight.Sleepingmuchdoesharmtopeople'sPeoplecanavoidsleepingmuchbyeatinghealthily.【答案】（）（）（）（）【解析】【析】本文是一篇說明文，我們似乎總是被告知要多睡覺，但是睡眠過多對(duì)身體也是有害的。（）查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的rarelydoesscienceexplorethedarksideofsleepingmuch.That'sfewofusintoday'shavetheexploringthatoption.可，如今忙碌的社會(huì)很少有人會(huì)有時(shí)間睡太多，所以睡眠過多對(duì)人體危害很少被研究。故選A。（）查詞義測。根據(jù)第一段中“becausefewofusintoday'sbusyworldhavetheluckofthatoption.這因?yàn)樵诋?dāng)今這個(gè)繁忙的世界上，很少有人有機(jī)會(huì)探索這種選擇；以及第二段中“maynotbesoluckyafterall.Infacttheyfoundpeoplegetthaneighthoursofsleephavegreaterhealthrisk“他可能根本就沒有那么幸運(yùn)。事實(shí)上，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)睡眠超過小時(shí)的人有更大的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，可推斷，劃線部分指“睡眠時(shí)間太長的人。選。（）查細(xì)節(jié)解。根據(jù)第四段中”discoveredthatevenifpersonsleepsmorethanhoursonweekendsbutstillsleepsthanthatonweeknights,theyareatriskofgainingweightanddevelopingsensitivitytoinsulin,whichcontrolslevelsugarblood.研人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使一個(gè)人在周末的睡眠時(shí)間超過個(gè)小時(shí)，但仍然比工作日晚上的睡眠時(shí)間少，他們也有體重增加和對(duì)控制血糖水平的胰島素敏感的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?？芍挥兄苣┧枚嗟娜艘矔?huì)面臨健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故選D。（）查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的rarelydoesscienceexplorethedarksideofsleepingmuch.可知文介紹了睡眠過多會(huì)對(duì)身體造成一定程度的傷害。故選。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇健康類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀短文，從每題所給的A、、和D四選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Manypeoplehavelongdreamedofbeingtoaroundassimplyasridingabicycle.Yetthesafetyandstrengthofaflyingbikewasalwaysabigproblem.Overthepast10years,developmentstechnologyhavethedreamofpersonalflyingvehiclesclosertoreality.Now,twogroupsofinventorssaysuchvehiclesmaybeavailablesoon.TheBritishcompanyMalloyAeronauticshasdevelopedaprototype(原型offlyingbicycle.GrantStapleton,marketingsalesdirectorofMalloyAeronautics,saystheHoverbikeabletogetinandoutofsmallspacesveryquickly."Itcanbeacrosscontinentsveryquicklybecausecanbefoldedpacked,"he

Mr.Stapletonsayssafetywasthemainconcern.Hesaysdesignerssolvedsafetyissueusingoverlappingrotorsthevehicle.Thetestingafull-sizeprototypetheHoverbike,willmostlikelybeusedfirstthepoliceandemergencyrescueteams.InZealand,MartinAircraftCompanyisalsotestingafull-sizeprototypeofitspersonalflyingdevice,calledJetpack.Itcanformorethan30minutes,to000metershighreachaspeedof74kilometershour.PeterisCEOofMartinAircraftCompany.saidJetpackbuiltsafetyfromstart".Inhiswords,"Reliabilityistheimportantelementsafetybuiltintotheactualstructureitself,verysimilartoaFormulaOneracingcar.TheJetpackusesagasoline-poweredenginethatproducestwopowerfuljetstreams.Cokersaysitalsohasaparachutethatused,thereshouldbeanemergency."Itstartsworkatverylowaltitudeactuallysavesboththeaircraftandpilot,"headds.CokersaystheJetpackwillbereadyforsalesoon.（）canlearnfromthepassagethatHoverbike________.A.hardlyinandoutofsmallspacesquicklyB.flyforover30minutes,upto000metershighhasbythepoliceandemergencyrescueteamsbetransportedquicklyafterbeingfolded（）CokerusestheexampleofOneracingshowthat________.A.theJetpackissafeandreliableB.theengineoftheJetpackispowerfultheactualstructureofJetpackistheJetpackcanreachagreatspeedandheight（）underlinedword"It"inthelastparagraphrefersto________.A.thejetB.enginetheJetpacktheparachute（）isauthor'spurposeofwritingpassage?A.describetheproblemsofinventingvehicles.B.Tointroducelatestdevelopmentofflyingvehicles.Toshowdifferencestwoflyingvehicles.advertisetwopersonalflyingvehicles.【答案】（）（）（）（）【解析】【析】本文是一篇說明文，講述一種個(gè)人飛行工具很快就會(huì)應(yīng)用于現(xiàn)實(shí)，然而安全性和強(qiáng)度一直是個(gè)大問題，文中介紹了兩家研發(fā)飛行器的公司的最新的產(chǎn)品，新產(chǎn)品把安全放在首位，并對(duì)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)。（）查細(xì)節(jié)解。根據(jù)第二段中“theHoverbikeabletogetinandoutofsmallspacesveryquickly.Itcanbemovedacrosscontinentsveryquicklycanbefoldedpacked.”可知，Hoverbike能很快地進(jìn)出小空間。它可快速地在大陸上移動(dòng)，因?yàn)樗梢哉郫B和包

裝?？芍x。（）查推理斷。根據(jù)第六段PeterCoker說Jetpack從一開始就圍繞安全進(jìn)行的，安全可靠性是最重要的因素。我們在車的現(xiàn)行結(jié)構(gòu)中植入了安全性，非常類似于FormulaOne賽車。，故選A（）查詞義測。根據(jù)最后一段中“saysitalsohasparachute(降傘thatcanbeshouldtherean"Ittoworkaltitude….,”Coker先生說Jetpack上也有降落傘，可以在緊急情況下使用“在拔非常低的情況下開始用它”?？芍系慕德鋫悖ㄋ┦窃诤０蔚蜁r(shí)才用。由可知it指是parachute(降傘故選D。（）查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段可知，許多人一直夢想能像騎行車一樣簡單的飛來飛去，科技的發(fā)展讓這個(gè)夢想很快實(shí)現(xiàn)。然而飛行自行車的安全性和強(qiáng)度一直是個(gè)大問題。接著下面敘述了兩家研發(fā)飛行器的公司的最新的產(chǎn)品，新產(chǎn)品把安全放在首位。故選?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解Duringthisshoppingseason,ductcompaniesspecificcolorscausepositiveemotionsandforsale.sightisnotonlysensory感的retailthatuse.Soundsandsmellscaninfluenceconsumers'purchasingdecisions.NobelPrize-winningresearchshowsthatoursenseofsmellhasgreatpowertocauseanemotionalresponse.AstudypublishedearlieryearcomparedpurchasinginaFrenchflowershopwhenoflavender(薰草wasgivenoffandwhenitwasn't.thatsmellincreasedtheconsumers'purchasingandtheofpurchases.earlierstudyusingshoesfoundthatconsumersdesiredshoesmore,willingtotheroomhadamixedofflowers.Realizingsubconsciousimpactofsmell,manystoresapplyartificialscents(氣味)throughtheirheatingandair-conditioningvents(通口orplacescentabovetheirdoors.Forinstance,acoconutscentmightthatbikinimoreappealingasyoulongforvacation.Everfeltfrenziedduetostore'sfast-pacedOrcalmedbyapieceoflightmusic?retailer'schoicemusiccanhaveabigimpactonconsumers'moods.Onestudyfoundthatsubjectedloudmusic,erestingly,researchersdidnotfindadifferenceinsalesorcustomers'satisfaction.Anotherinterestingfindingrecentstudywascustomersactuallyshoplongerwhenexposedtounfamiliarmusic.Justasdepartmentstoresusedifferentscentscertaindepartments,usedifferentmusicinsomeareasappealtovaryingconsumers.Well,youcouldalwaysleavestoretakeabreak,thefoodcourtprobablyisn'tyourbestchoicesasbrandslikeCinnabonandPaneraBreadalsousescentsaspartoftheircustomers'experience.Onlineretailers(零售)useavarietyofotherstrategiestogetyourbusiness,

youalwaysneglectthoseenjoythefamiliarscentsofhome.（）passagemainlyabout________.A.consumers'favoriteandsmellswhileshoppingB.shoppingmalls'strategiesforsatisfyingspecialservicessupershoppingmallstwofactorsaffectingconsumers'shoppingdecisions（）beinferredParagraph2?A.Decoratingstoresflowersbecomesfashion.B.Shopswithspecialcanattractmoreconsumers.Smellscanactuallyhelpbusinessmengainmoreprofits.Theproductswithakindofspecialsmellmorepopular.（）doesmusichaveaneffectonconsumers?A.Itcontrolsconsumers'desireforshopping.B.Itinfluenceshowconsumersstayinshop.Itgivesconsumersthesatisfactionofenjoyingshopping.Whetherconsumersarewillingtobuythingsdepends（）offollowingcanreplaceunderlinedword“frenzied”inParagraph3?A.Satisfied.Depressed.C.Surprised.Excited.（）thewritertoexpressinthelastparagraph?A.Onlineshoppingisbecomingmoreandmorepopularnowadays.B.Peopleshouldathomewithfamilymembers.Peoplecanchoosetoridofsalesmen'spromotionstrategies.Smellssoundsareimportantforconsumers'shoppingexperience.【答案】（）（）（）（）（）【解析】【分析】本文為說明文這篇文章主要介紹了影響消費(fèi)者購物決定的兩個(gè)因素。（）主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的

Soundsandsmellscanalsoinfluenceconsumers'purchasingdecisions.（音和氣味也會(huì)影響消費(fèi)者的購買決定）及下文對(duì)這兩個(gè)因素的介紹可知，本文主要介紹了影響消費(fèi)者購物決定的兩個(gè)因素。故答案選。（）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的

foundthatthesmellincreasedthenumberofconsumers'purchasingitemstheamountoftheir（究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種氣味增加了消費(fèi)者購買物品的數(shù)量和購買量）可推知，氣味實(shí)際上可以幫助商人獲得更多的利潤。故答案選C。（）節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的Onestudyfoundthatsubjectedtoloudmusic,consumerswillspendlesstimeinastore…Anotherinterestingfindingrecentstudywasthatactuallylongerwhenexposedtounfamiliarmusic.（究發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)音樂音量過大時(shí)，消費(fèi)者在商店里的時(shí)間會(huì)減…最近一項(xiàng)研究的另一個(gè)有趣發(fā)現(xiàn)是，當(dāng)顧客接

觸到不熟悉的音樂時(shí)，他們的購物時(shí)間實(shí)際上更長）可知，音樂會(huì)影響消費(fèi)者在商店里停留的時(shí)間。故答案選。（）詞義猜測題。A.Satisfied滿的；B.Depressed沮喪的；C.Surprised吃驚的；D.Excited興的。根據(jù)第三段中的Orcalmedbypiecelightmusic?（是聽著輕音樂平靜下來?）可知，劃線詞所在句意為“有有因?yàn)榈昀锟旃?jié)奏的音樂而感到瘋狂?”，此知，劃線詞意為瘋的，狂是一種興奮的狀態(tài)。故答案選D（）推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的

Onlineretailers(零售商useavarietyofotherstrategiestogetyourbusiness,alwaysneglectthoseenjoythefamiliarscentsofhome.（上零售商使用各種各樣的策略來獲得你的生意，但你可以忽略這些，享受熟悉的家的味道）可知，作者想要告訴人們，我們可以選擇擺脫銷售員的促銷策略。故答案選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷，詞義猜測和主旨大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇說明類閱讀，要求考生先從問題中抓住關(guān)鍵性詞語（題眼），然后以此為線索，運(yùn)用略讀及查讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此問題相關(guān)的：段落、語句，仔細(xì)品味，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解Everybody,atpointtheirlives,hasexperiencedfailure.Itcouldbesomethingsimpleasnotgettingjobyouwanted,orgettingevenafterhardwork.Butmakesyouisnotyourfailure,howyouafterbeinghit.Once,youngschoolwascaughtafireaccidenthisschoolandwasassumedthatwouldnotlive.Hismothertoldwassuretodie,forterriblefirehaddestroyedthelowerhalfofhisbody.ifheweretosurvive,hethroughouthisButbravedidtodienordidhetobelame.theofthedoctor,hedidsurvive.ButunfortunatelyfromwaisthehadnomotorHisthinlegshungthere,lifeless.Eventuallyleftthehisdeterminationwasunshakable.home,wasnotbed,hestayawheelchair.day,hethrewhimselfthechairpulledhimselfacrossgrass,dragginghislegsbehindhim.Hereachedthefence,raisedhimselfupandthenbegandragginghimselfalongthefence,firmlydetermined.Hedidthiseveryday,withfaithhimselfthathewouldbeabletowalkunaided.Withhisirondetermination,hediddeveloptheabilitytostandup,thentowalkonandoff,thentohimselftorun.Hebegantowalktoschool,andthenruntoschool,torunforthejoyofrunning.Laterincollegehewasontrackteam.InFebruary1934,inYorkCity'sMadisonSquareGarden,thisyoungwhowasnotexpectedtosurvive,whowouldsurelywalk,whocouldneverhopetorun-thisyoungDr.GlennCunningham,theworld'sfastestmile.Aexampleofofpositivethinkingfaithinone'sself,Cunninghamcontinuestobeaninspirationformany,hisabrilliantevidencecanbouncebackalldifficultiesarepiledagainstone,tothedegreethatdeaththepreferableoption.

（）paragraphisintended________.A.presentanmakepreparationsforstatementarousereaders'interestfunctionasabriefintroduction（）wasthedoctor'sopinionGlenn?A.wasabletowalkhisowngreateffort.B.GreatdeterminationcouldmakeadifferenceGlenn.TherewasslimchancethatGlenncouldsurvive.couldlivenormallifewiththehalt"hisbody.（）doknowaboutA.tookrecoveryexerciseinhospital.inspiredpeoplewithhisstory.thefirstplaceinManizedatrackteamcollege.（）besuitabletitleforthetext?A.StrengthendeterminationB.StandupafterfailureGoafterFacedifficultybravely【答案】（）（）（）（）【解析】【析】本文是一篇議論文。每個(gè)人在人生的某個(gè)階段都經(jīng)歷過失敗。文章通過Glenn幸的故事，告訴我們讓成功的不是你的失敗，而是你如何在被打擊后重新站起來。（）理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中Everybody,atpointintheirlives,hasexperiencedfailure.Butwhatmakesyouisnotyourfailure,butupafterbeing可，第一段的作用是作一個(gè)簡短的介紹。故選D。（）理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中Muchtotheamazementofthedoctor,hedidsurvive.可知，醫(yī)生認(rèn)為生還的機(jī)會(huì)很小。故選。（）理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中g(shù)oodexampleofthepowerofpositivethinkingandfaithone'sself,Cunninghamcontinuestobeaninspirationformany,可知Glenn以感人的故事激勵(lì)人們。故選。（）旨大意。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Butwhatmakesyouisnotyourfailure,butgetbackupafterbeing讓成功的是你的失敗，而是你如何在被打擊后重新站起來?？杀疚淖罴阎黝}是B項(xiàng)Standupafter。選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇議論類閱讀，閱讀時(shí)首先要弄清楚作者要證明什么觀點(diǎn)，然后用什么樣的論據(jù)進(jìn)行怎樣的分析，最后得出了什么的結(jié)論，理清了線索，理解文章就不是問題?？搭}時(shí)注意確定關(guān)鍵詞，然后在文章中定位，找到與選項(xiàng)一致的內(nèi)容，就可以輕松的確定答案。5．閱讀理解Haveyouwhatitwouldbeliketothroughananimal'seyes?

example,whatachimpanzeeseesasitsitsattheofatree,apenguin'sviewitdivesintothecatchdinner?ThesequestionsareinnaturedocumentaryAnimalswithCameras,producedbytheBBC.Thethree-partserieswasfirstairedintheUKlastmonth.Toexploreanimalstories"told"bytheanimalsthemselves,thedocumentary'sfilmmakersworkedwithscientiststodevelopcamerasthatwildanimalscouldwear.beforehaveseensuchhigh-qualityfootage連鏡directlyfromtheanimal'spointofview,"BBCNatureexecutiveproducerFredKaufmantoldPBS."Thisminiseriesgreatlyexpandsourcomprehensionofanimalbehaviorandthiscameratechnologyopensupnewpossibilitiesfordiscoveringsomuchmore."Indeed,thegroundbreakingtechnologyprovidesanewviewpointofanimalkingdom.Newcameraswithenoughbatterytoshootforhoursattimeweredesignedbecomfortableenoughforanimalswear,accordingthedocumentary'scameradesignerChrisWatts.Thetechnicalchallengesdidn'tstopthere.Someanimalswereverycuriousabouttheequipment,withsomefightingeachotherfortoacamera.Incaseofchimpanzees,"wehadtocreatedummy(仿的cameras,sothateverychimpanzeecouldgetone",theminiseries'wildlifecameramanGordonBuchanantoldLiveScience.Foranimalsthatwerecomfortableenoughtobewithbeings,thecamerascouldbefittedremovedbyhand.Butforothers,thecamerascameoffautomaticallyusingareleaseandcollectedafterward.Thismeantthatthecamerasneededtobeastoughaspossible.Toavoiddisturbinganimals,scientistswhoweregooddealingwildlifecametohelpbyputtingonanimals."Thelastthingtodoiscausedistress."documentary'sproducerDanReestoldBBC."Tofollowananimalinthefirstplace,therehadtobeaclearbenefitinknowledgethatmightusefulprotectingspeciesinfuture.Theireffortscertainlypaidoff."Footagethatcaptures捕)theserareandexcitingglimpsesofanimalsbiddenhabitsisimportanttoscientists,likeAnimalswithCamerasalsoresonatewith引共鳴audiences,connectingwiththebeautyanddanger-ofwildlifeintheirnaturalenvironments,"LiveSciencenoted.（）thetext,AnimalswithCameras.A.isadocumentarymadebywildlifeexpertsB.presentshigh-qualityfootageofanimalsforthefirsttimeC.showswildlifefromtheuniqueviewpointofanimalsD.mainlyrecordslifeofchimpanzeesandpenguins（）caseofchimpanzeesisusedto.A.reflecttheweaknessoftechnologyB.presenthowfilmmakersputcamerasonchimpanzeesC.explainwhychimpanzeeswereattractedbyequipmentD.showhowfilmmakersdealtthechallengesshooting（）avoiddisturbinganimals,filmmakers.

A.setupprotectedareaforthemtoliveinB.invitedscientistshelpequipthemwithC.madelooklikeanimalsdisguiseD.fittedremovedthebyhand（）author'sattitudethedocumentarycanbedescribedas.A.changingB.supportiveC.cautiousD.pessimistic【答案】（）（）（）（）【解析】【析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了研究人員使用最新的相機(jī)技術(shù)，讓人們從動(dòng)物的視角看世界。（）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的

"Toexploreanimalstories‘toldbytheanimalsthemselves,thedocumentary'sfilmmakersscientistsdevelopcamerasthatwildanimalscould可知研究人員讓動(dòng)物帶上相機(jī)來拍攝野生動(dòng)物的世界。故選C。（）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的"Thetechnicalchallengesdidn'tstopthere.Someanimalswereverycuriousabouttheequipment,withsomeevenfightingeachotherforthechancetowearacamera."可很多動(dòng)物對(duì)這種相機(jī)非常好奇，甚至?xí)榕宕飨鄼C(jī)而打斗。這就需要人們把這些相機(jī)制造得更加牢固，以便更好地拍攝。第五段最后所列舉的猩猩的例子正是為了證明這一點(diǎn)。故選D。）查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根倒數(shù)第二段中的avoiddisturbinganimals,scientistswhowereatdealingwithwildlifecametohelpbyputtingthecamerasonthe可知為了避免妨礙動(dòng)物，研究人員邀請科學(xué)家助他們給動(dòng)物帶上相機(jī)。故選。（）查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Footagethatcaptures捕捉rareandexcitingglimpsesofanimalsbiddenhabitsimportanttoscientists,butdocumentarieslikeAnimalswithCamerasalsoresonatewith（引起共鳴）audiences,connectingthemwiththebeautyanddanger-ofwildlifeintheirnaturalenvironments"知作者認(rèn)為這種相機(jī)拍攝的連續(xù)鏡頭對(duì)于科學(xué)研究十分重要，這種紀(jì)錄片能夠引起觀眾的共鳴，讓人們欣賞到美景，也讓他們意識(shí)到自然環(huán)境下野生動(dòng)物面臨的危險(xiǎn)。這些說明作者對(duì)這一紀(jì)錄片持支持態(tài)度。故選。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解Everyyear遷的batstravelfromtoBrackenCave,spendtheconsuminginsectswouldotherwisehungrilyeatcommonfoodcrops.Butthebatshavebeenshowingupfarearlierthantheytwodecadesago.

Inastudy,scientistsatRothamstedResearch,anagriculturallaboratoryinEngland,usedradardataU.S.stationsanalyzeactivityinTexasbatcolony1995through2017.TheydiscoveredthecreatureswereleavingtheirwinterquartersinMexicoearlierandreproducingsooner.Theywerealsoastonishedtofindincreasingnumbersofbatsoverwintering(過冬atBrackeninsteadofheadingbacktotheircoldweatherquartersMexico.Overwinteringasignthatwarmertemperatureschangethebats'annualrhythms,RothamstedbiologistPhillipStepaniansays.AseparatestudyofmigratorybatsinIndiana,publishedlastyear,foundthattemperaturevariationsaffectedarrivalanddeparturetimes—likewisehintingatthepotentialinfluenceofclimatechange.JoyO'Keefe,abiologyprofessoratIndianaStateUniversityco-authorofthatstudy,saysearlyarrivalattheirsummerhabitats(棲地couldexposethesebatstocold寒流,theycouldfreezedeath.JoyO'Keefeandhercolleaguesalsofoundthatchangingbatmigrationtimescanalsoclashwithrainfallpatterns.Manyinsectsthateatbreedinseasonallakespuddles.Ifbatsarriveearlybenefitrainfallandresultingabundanceofinsectstheymaystruggletofeedtheirpups(幼)orskipreproductionaltogether,O'Keefesays.Shefearsthisshiftcouldcausebatsdecreasetowardextinction,wouldbebadnewsforhumans."Declinesinbatpopulationscouldhavesevereeffectsforcropsuccess,"shesays,addingthatbatsalso"controlsignificantdiseasevectors,suchmosquitoes."However,scientistsarenotcertainthatclimatechangealoneiscausingtheBrackenCavebatcolonymigrateearlier.Theyhavefounddirectseasonaltemperaturesandbirdmigration,butbatsalsoinfluencedbyfactorsaschangesinwindspeedanddirection.Andthereothercomplications.“Batsaremysteriousanimalsthatmovemostlynightandaretoobservetrack,"Stepaniansays."Wethisconceptualpictureofwhatmightbehappening,butreallytyingitthecauseisnextstep."（）ScientistsatRothamstedResearchfoundthat_________.A.batsprefercolderweatherB.batsdelayreproductionwarmingaffectsbatmigrationD.radarbeusedtoobservebats（）O'Keefediscoveredthat_________.A.batstolivinginrainfallseasonsB.bats'earliermigrationfarminginsects'reproductionhelpsspreaddiseaseinsectsshortagebatsearlier（）thelastparagraphtellA.anddirectionaffectbats.B.Itisdifficultobserveandtrackbats.Climatebatsmigrateearlier.D.Furtherresearchoncauseisnecessary.（）isbestforpassage?A.Bats'habitatsEndangeredbatsC.Bats'scheduleD.Bats,friends【答案】（）（）（）

（）【解析】【分析】【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本文是一篇說明文，作者先提出蝙蝠遷徙提前的這種現(xiàn)象，然后分析了這種現(xiàn)象可能導(dǎo)致的后果，最后分析了可能導(dǎo)致蝙蝠遷徙提前的原因。（）查細(xì)節(jié)理解根據(jù)第二段中的“Overwinteringissignthatwarmertemperatureschangethebats'annualrhythms,biologistPhillipStepaniansays.羅泰德的生物學(xué)家菲利普斯潘尼安說，越冬是氣溫升高改變蝙蝠年度節(jié)律的一個(gè)標(biāo)志，可知，蝙蝠越冬的方式是一個(gè)跡象，這表明了氣溫上升改變了它們每年的遷徙規(guī)律。故選C。（）查細(xì)節(jié)解。根據(jù)第四段中“‘Ifthebatsarrivetooearlytobenefitfromrainfalltheresultingabundanceofinsects,theystruggletofeedtheir幼o(hù)rreproductionaltogether,O'Keefesays.ShefearsthisshiftcouldcauseMidwesternbatstodecreasetowardextinction,wouldbebadnewsforhumans.“Declinesbatpopulationscouldsevereeffectsforcropsuccess,’says奧夫說，如果蝙蝠來得太早，無法從夏季降雨和由此產(chǎn)生的大量昆蟲中獲益，它們可能難以喂養(yǎng)幼崽，或者完全跳過繁殖。她擔(dān)心這種轉(zhuǎn)變可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致中西部蝙蝠走向滅絕，這對(duì)人類來說是個(gè)壞消息“蝙數(shù)量的減少可能對(duì)作物的成功產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重影響，”她說，可知，蝙蝠過早地遷徙會(huì)因?yàn)槿鄙偈澄铮瑢?dǎo)致喂養(yǎng)幼仔的困難，或者跳過繁殖期，這將導(dǎo)致蝙蝠數(shù)量減少，害蟲增加，從而對(duì)農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)生影響。由此可知，喬·奧基夫發(fā)現(xiàn)，蝠過早的遷徙可能會(huì)危害農(nóng)業(yè)。故選B。（）查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“However,scientistsarenotcertainthatclimatechangealoneiscausingBrackenCavebatcolonymigrateearlier.而，科學(xué)家們還不能確定僅僅是氣候變化就導(dǎo)致了蕨類洞穴蝙蝠群落更早的遷徙；及Batsaremysteriousanimalsthatmovemostlyatnightaredifficultobserveandtrack,Stepaniansays.havethisconceptualpicturewhatbehappening,butreallytyingitthecauseisnextstep.斯捷潘尼安說：蝙是秘的小動(dòng)物，大多在夜間活動(dòng)，很難觀察和追蹤”?！拔覍?duì)可能發(fā)生的事情有一個(gè)概念性的描述，但真正將其與原因聯(lián)系起來還需要進(jìn)一步的研究?？芍瑢?duì)蝙蝠遷徙提前的原因還需要進(jìn)一步的研究。故選D。（）查主旨意。作者通過第一段中“thebatshavebeenshowingupfarearlierthantheydecadesago.但是蝙蝠出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間比20年前要早得多）提出蝙蝠遷徙提前的這種現(xiàn)象，然后分析了這種現(xiàn)象可能導(dǎo)致的后果，最后分析了可能導(dǎo)致蝙蝠遷徙提前的原因。由此可知，本文主要圍繞蝙蝠的遷徙時(shí)間變化展開介紹分析。由此可知選。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解"Whatkindofrubbishareyou?"Thisquestionnormallycauseanger,butShanghaiitwasbroughtaboutcomplaintsoverthemonths.OnJuly1st,cityintroducedstrictrubbish-sortingregulationsthatareexpectedtobeusedasamodelforourcountry.Citizensmustdividetheirwasteintoseparatecategoriesputitintospecificpublicbins.Theymustdosoatscheduledtimes,whenmonitorsarepresentensurethatrulesobeyed

andexaminethenatureone'srubbish.Violatorscouldbewithfinesofupto200($29).Forrepeatviolators,cityaddblackmarkstheircreditrecords,itharderforthemtoobtainloansorevenbuytraintickets.Shanghaiauthoritiesrespondingtoobviousenvironmentalproblem.Itproducesmilliontonsofgarbageayear.likeothercitiesinchina,lacksarecyclingsystem.Instead,ithasreliedrubbishpickerstopickoutwhatevercanbereused.Thishaslimits.Aspeoplegetwealthier,ofthemwanttosuchdirtywork.Thewaste,justpilingup.Chinaproducesbillionpairsofone-offchopsticksyear.Manycitizensappeartosupporttheideaofrecyclingingeneralbutarefrustratedbythedetails.Rubbishmustbedividedaccordingwhetheritisfood,recyclable,dryorhazardous(有害的,distinctionsamongwhichbeconfusing,thoughtheretohelpworkout.Somecomplainedabouttherulessurroundingfoodwaste.Theymustputitstraighttherequiredpublicbin,forcingthemtotearopenplasticbagsandtoss(投）byhand,Mostannoyingaretheshortperiodsforthrowingtrash,typicallyacoupleofhours,morningandevening.Alongwithmonitorsatthethismeansthatpeopleataroundthesametimeandaneyeonwhatisbeingthrownout;notobad.（）thepurposeParagraph1?A.complainaboutrubbishdividing.B.Toexplainfourcategoriesofthewaste.Tointroducetherulesonsorting.showthegoalofrubbish,sortingregulations.（）theunderlinedword"Violators"inParagraph2referA.Peopledon'tpayfortraintickets.B.Peoplearguethemonitors.Peopleobtainloans.D.Peoplewhoareagainsttheregulations.（）makesthecitizensupsetmosttherules?A.Complexdistinctionfourcategoriesofrubbish.B.ShortscheduledtimefortossingBeingbymonitorswhenthrowinggarbage.Beingfinedwhenblamedduetobehavior.（）bethebestfortext?A.ARestartofWaste-sortingAAgeGarbageClassificationLearningtoClassifyRubbishD.Rubbish-sortingBenefitsthe【答案】（）（）（）（）【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新報(bào)道，介紹了7月日上海市出臺(tái)的垃圾分類規(guī)定有望成為我國的一個(gè)典范。文章說明了垃圾分類規(guī)定的部分內(nèi)容以及違反者將面臨的處罰，這項(xiàng)政策出臺(tái)的原因是上海日益增多的垃圾，以及居民們對(duì)此政策的看法和態(tài)度。（）查理斷。根據(jù)第一段中“mustdividetheirwasteintofourseparate

categoriesandputintospecificpublicbins.Theymustsoatscheduledtimes,whenmonitorsarepresentensurethatrulesareobeyedandtoexaminethenatureofone'srubbish.”市必須將垃圾分為四類，并將其放入特定的公共垃圾箱。他們必須在規(guī)定的時(shí)間這樣做，當(dāng)監(jiān)督員在場時(shí)，以確保規(guī)則得到遵守，并檢查垃圾的性質(zhì)?？芍饕窃谡f明垃圾分類的相關(guān)規(guī)定，故第一段的目的是介紹垃圾分類的規(guī)則。故選。（）查詞義測。根據(jù)第二段中“Theycouldbehitwithfinesofupto200($29).他們將面臨最高200元29美元的款?？赏茰y他們處指違反垃圾分類規(guī)定的人們，故劃線單詞意思為違規(guī)定的人，故選。（）查節(jié)解。根據(jù)最后一段中的Mostupsetaretheshortwindowsforthrowingtrash,typicallycoupleofhours,morningandevening.最讓人心煩是扔垃圾的短暫開放期，通常是早上和晚上的幾個(gè)小時(shí)，可知，扔垃圾的時(shí)間很短讓居民對(duì)這些規(guī)定最不滿。故選。（）查旨意。根據(jù)第一段中的OnJuly1st,thecityintroducedstricttrash-sortingregulationsthatexpectedtobeusedasaforourcountry.Residentsdividewasteintofourseparatekindsputitintospecificpublicbins.mustsoatscheduledtimes,whenmonitorsarepresentensurecomplianceinquireintonatureone'srubbish.”7日該市出臺(tái)了嚴(yán)格的垃圾分類規(guī)定，有望成為我國的一個(gè)典范。居民必將他們的垃圾分成四類，并將其放入特定的公共垃圾箱。他們必須在規(guī)定的時(shí)間這樣做，當(dāng)監(jiān)督員在場時(shí)，以確保遵守和調(diào)查一個(gè)人的垃圾的性質(zhì)）以及文章主要內(nèi)容圍繞著上海垃圾分類規(guī)定標(biāo)志著一個(gè)垃圾分類的