四級語法知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)(上)

四級語法知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)一：時態(tài)：所謂的"時態(tài)"，就是時間+狀態(tài)。謂語動詞的時態(tài)見下一一般進(jìn)行完成完成進(jìn)行過去was/weredoinghaddonehadbeendoing現(xiàn)在am/is/aredoinghave/hasdonehave/hasbeendoing將來will/shallwill/shallwill/shalldonebedoinghave/過去將來should/woulddo/should/wouldhavedone用于虛擬語氣/1．主動形式一般進(jìn)行完成過去was/weregivenwas/werebeinggivenhadbeengiven現(xiàn)在am/is/aregivenam/is/arebeinggivenhave/hasbeengiven將來will/shallbegiven過去將來should/wouldbegiven/should/wouldhavebeengiven完成進(jìn)行//2．被動形式will/shallhavebeengiven/?CET-4常考的三種時態(tài)：過去完成時；將來完成時；(現(xiàn)在/過去)完成進(jìn)行時。一般過去時用一般現(xiàn)在時表示現(xiàn)在完成時所有的過去現(xiàn)在和將來現(xiàn)在完成和將來完成一)不定式的?？夹问剑簍heothers. 被動形式:Hepreferredtobeassignedsomeheavierworktodo. y 生在謂語動詞之前二)不定式?？嫉目键c(diǎn)：1)不定式做定語----將要發(fā)生2)不定式做狀語----目的3)不定式充當(dāng)名詞功能---Toseeistobelieve.感官動詞see,watch,observe,notice,lookat,hear,listento,doing行性昨天我見他正在花園里干活。(強(qiáng)調(diào)"我見他正干活"這個動作)elscomfortablemypackageweighedPauldoesn’thavetobemadetolearn.helphelpsbdohelpsbtodohelpdohelptodowant，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan，offerdecideagreeexpectallowsbtodo,causesbtodo,permitsbtodo,enablesbtodoforcesbtodobemorelikelytodolovetodowarnsbtodobeletodobeambitioustodo.begintodo.starttodoaccustomoneselftobeaccustomedtofaceuptoinadditiontolookforwardtoobjecttobereducedto;resignoneselftoberesignedtoresorttosinkto;beusedto;bealternativetobecloseclosenesstobededicationdedicatedtobeopposition/opposedto;besimilarity/similarto.2)具有動詞性特征可以帶賓語starvingtroopsisnecessary. 語是動名詞詞的賓格或所有格形式給出邏輯主語.ternoonAyoutocallB．youcallC．youcallingD．you'recalling(Key：Cyourcalling也對)egretnothavingtakenyouradvicereciateavoidcelebrateconsidercontemplatedeferdelaydenydetestdiscontinue;dislike;dispute;enjoy;itentailsescapeexcuseexplainfancy;feellike;finish;forgive;can'thelp;hinder;imagine;itinvolves;keep;itmeans;mention;mindmissitnecessitatespardonpostpone;practice;prevent;recall;report;resent;resist;risk;suggest;understand...ehardlyanyuseitsnothardlyscarcelyuseitsworthwhile;spendmoney/time;there'snotheresnopointintheresnothingworsethan;what'stheuse/point...4均可Iregrettoinformyouthat…我很遺憾地通知你…ye動狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞的形式: 動) emight/may(not)shouldwould原型時態(tài)(不含時間只含狀狀態(tài)不同：一般、進(jìn)行、完這時"虛擬語氣"的產(chǎn)生往往是因?yàn)槲覀円磉_(dá)"本來應(yīng)該……"(而現(xiàn)在卻還沒(本來可以……，本來能……)Ishouldgo!(…butI'mstillhere!)(一般)Ishouldbeworkingnow!(進(jìn)行)Ishouldhavepracticedmore(thanIdid)!(完成)我應(yīng)該多多練習(xí)！(言下之意，現(xiàn)在我練習(xí)得不多。)Ishouldn'tdreamawaymytimetoomuch!(完成的否定)chItshouldn'thavebeenleakingforsuchalongtime!(完成進(jìn)Imay/might/couldhavefinished!(完成)osuggest,advise,propose,recommend,plan;odemand,order,direct,arrange,command,decide;orequire,request;othink,expect,believe,insist,suspect.這些動詞(以及他們的名次形式，分詞形式)引起的從句還有其他的變形：Mysuggestionisthat…Theonlysuggestionthat...TheonlysuggestionIcangiveyounowisthat…It'snatural;strange;incrediblethatmenowondereeasifIwerehisownsonimethatwouldratherthatIfitrainstomorrowwellhavetostayonedaymore.oif部分，做