語言學期末考試

1.Thestudyoflanguagedevelopmentoveraperiodoftimeisgenerallytermedas

_____linguistics.D

A.applied

B.diachronicC.comparativeD.synchronic

2.ThesentencethathasaNPandaVPcanbeshownina__C__formula"S→NP

VP".

A.hierarchicalB.linear

C.treediagram

D.vertical

3.Whichofthefollowingsoundsisavoicelessbilabialstop?A

A.[p]B.[m]C.[b]D.[t]

4.Thewords“make”and“bus”arecalled_____D____becausetheycanoccur

unattached.

A.derivationalmorphemes

C.boundmorphemes

B.inflectionalmorphemes

D.freemorphemes

5.Thepairofwords“l(fā)end”and“borrow”are____B______.

A.gradableantonymyB.relational(converse)antonymy

C.synonymsD.co-hyponyms

6.Thesemanticcomponentsoftheword“man”canbeexpressedas____C___.

A.＋animate,＋human,＋male,－adult;B.＋animate,＋human,－male,－adult;

C.＋animate,＋human,＋male,＋adultD.—animate,＋human,－male,－adult

7.Whatkindoffunctiondoesthesentence“Howdoyoudo?”have?B

A.Directive

B.Phatic

C.InformativeD.Evocative

8.Nouns,verbsandadjectivescanbeclassifiedas_______A____.

A.lexicalwordsB.grammaticalwordsC.functionwordsD.formwords

9.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthebehavioristviewofchildlanguage

acquisition?______A_.

A.Languageacquisitionisaprocessofhabitformation

B.Languageacquisitionisthespecies-specificpropertyofhumanbeings

C.Childrenarebornwithaninnateabilitytoacquirelanguage

D.Humansareequippedwiththeneuralprerequisitesforlanguageandlanguageuse

10.Thebranchoflinguisticsthatstudiesmeaningoflanguageincontextiscalled

__C?

A.morphologyB.sociolinguisticsC.pragmatics

D.psycholinguistics

11、Chomskydefines"competence"astheidealuser'sknowledgeoftherulesof

hislanguage.

1

12、Thefoursounds/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/haveonefeatureincommon,i.e,theyareall

bilanial

.

13、Morphology

isabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureof

wordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.

14、Asentence

isastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumber

ofwordstoformacompletestatement,questionorcommand.

15、Inmostb

knownasdomains.

communities,twolanguageshavethesameinspeechsituations

16、Theillocutionarypointofr

istocommitthespeakertosomething'sbeing

thecase,tothetruthofwhathasbeensaid.

17、.Inthehistoryofanylanguagethespeech____formalwayscameintobeing

beforethewritingsystem.

18--19、Syntacticcategoriesrefertos

(

)andc

(

)only.

20、AsatypeoflinguisticsysteminL2learning,interlanguageisaproductofL2

training,mothertongueinterference,overgeneralizationofthetargetlanguagerules,

andlearningandcommunicativestrategiesofthelearner.

(F)21、Inmodernlinguisticstudies,thewrittenformoflanguageisgivenmore

emphasisthanthespokenformforanumberofreasons.

(F)22、Voicingisaphonologicalfeaturethatdistinguishesmeaninginboth

ChineseandEnglish.

(T)23、Thecompoundword"bookstore"istheplacewherebooksaresold.This

indicatesthatthemeaningofacompoundisthesumtotalofthemeaningsofits

components.

(T)24、TheterritoryinwhichtheIndo-Europeanlanguagesaremainlyspokentoday

alsoincludeslanguagesthatarenotIndo-European.

(F)25、Allnormalchildrenhaveequalabilitytoacquiretheirfirstlanguage.

IV.1.Givethephoneticsymbolforeachofthefollowingsounddescriptions:

Symbolshereinorder:

26.［t］∫27［б］28.［d］29.［I］30.［э:］

1)voiceless,palatal,affricate2)voiced,dental,fricative

3)voiced,alveolar,stop

5)back,semi-open,long

4)open,close,short

2.Givethephoneticfeaturesofeachofthefollowingsounds

31［m］32［r］33［e］34［w］35［h］

31［m］voiced,bilabial,nasal;

32［r］voiced,alveolar,liquid;

33［e］front,high,semi-close;34［w］voiced,bilabial,glide;

35［h］voiceless,fricatives,glottal;

V.Thefollowingsentencesallcontainconjoinedcategories.Drawatree

2

diagramforeachofthesentences:

1.Maryisfondofliteraturebuttiredofstatistics.

2.Thedetectivewentoutandthemysteriousmancamein..

Answerthefollowingquestionsascomprehensiv