一輪復(fù)習(xí)英語重大版學(xué)案學(xué)通語法第二講 冠 詞

第二講冠__詞單句語法填空1．(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentoverthepast25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.2．(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)Unexpectedly,I’mface-to-facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingatthetopofherlungs.3.(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)Asa_result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.4．(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)Thisincludeddigginguptheroad，layingthetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.5．(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)Instead,sheisearning￡6,500adayasa_modelinNewYork.6．(2016·全國卷Ⅰ)Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfewdayswithhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed,theotheriswithmum—sheneversuspects.一、不定冠詞(一)不定冠詞的基本用法1．表示泛指某個(gè)人或事物。ImetafriendofyourstodayasIhurriedofftowork.今天我在趕著去上班的路上遇到了你的一位朋友。2．用在第一次提到的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示泛指。MyfriendJohnisahandsomeyoungman,ayoungmaneveryonelikestoworkwith.我的朋友約翰是一個(gè)英俊的年輕人，一個(gè)人人都喜歡與他共事的年輕人。3．表示“某一個(gè)”，相當(dāng)于acertain。IrememberhecamehereonaSundayandleftsoon.我記得他在某一個(gè)星期天來過，并且很快就離開了。4．用在序數(shù)詞前，表示“再一，又一”。Hemissedthegoldmedalinthehighjump,buthewillgetasecondchanceinthelongjump.他在跳高比賽中錯(cuò)失了金牌，但是在跳遠(yuǎn)比賽中他還有機(jī)會(huì)。5．用在形容詞的比較等級前，表示“一個(gè)更……的”。Ifwesitnearthefrontofthebus,we’llhaveabetterview.如果我們坐在公共汽車的前部，我們就會(huì)有一個(gè)更好的視野。6．用于物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞具體化時(shí)。物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞僅表示概念時(shí)，是不可數(shù)名詞，前面不加不定冠詞。但如果表示具體的人或事，特別是前面有形容詞修飾時(shí)，就變成了可數(shù)名詞，前面可加不定冠詞。Tonyisafamouspianist.I’mabsolutelycertainthathisconcertthisSundaywillbeasuccess.托尼是一位著名的鋼琴家，我十分確信這個(gè)星期天他的音樂會(huì)一定是件成功的事。(二)固定搭配中的不定冠詞不定冠詞常用于某些固定搭配中，常見的有：haveagiftfor有……的天賦haveaholiday度假getalift/ride搭便車payavisitto參觀lendsb.ahand幫助某人asaresult因此asarule通常；照例inahurry匆忙地atadistance離一段距離awasteof……的浪費(fèi)Whatapity！真遺憾！be/goonadiet節(jié)食acollectionof一批……aknowledgeof知道haveagoodtime玩得高興makealiving謀生asamatteroffact事實(shí)上haveahistoryof有……歷史inasense/way在某種意義上forawhile暫時(shí)；一時(shí)allofasudden突然amatterof……的問題haveapopulationof有……人口coveranareaof占……的面積Theprizeforthewinnerofthepetitionisatwo-weekholidayinParis.(2016·6月浙江高考單選)比賽獲勝者的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)是到巴黎度假兩周。二、定冠詞(一)定冠詞的基本用法1．特指雙方都知道的或上文提到過的人或物。IstudiedinauniversityinNewZealand.Theuniversitywasfoundedintheearlytwentiethcentury.我在新西蘭的一所大學(xué)就讀，這所大學(xué)建立于20世紀(jì)初。2．用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或形容詞前，表示一類人或物。①Asweallknow,thebrainisthecentreofthought.眾所周知，大腦是思維的中心。②Asamatteroffact,thericharen’talwayshappy.事實(shí)上，富人并非總是快樂的。eq\a\vs4\al([名師指津])“the＋adj.”表示一類人的常用短語：therich富人thedead死者thepoor窮人theaged老人theold老人theliving活著的人theyoung年輕人theinjured/wounded受傷的人3．用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞或副詞最高級以及形容詞only,very,same等之前。①YangLiweiisthefirstmanwhohasbeenintospaceinChina.在中國楊利偉是第一個(gè)登上太空的人。②Now,yearslater,thisriverisoneofthemostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalcleanup.在數(shù)年之后的現(xiàn)在，這條河成為了環(huán)境治理的最突出的范例之一。4．用于被限制性修飾語加以限制的人或物前。IjustheardthebankwhereDoraworkswasrobbedbyagunmanwearingamask.(2015·重慶高考單選)我剛聽說多拉工作的銀行被一個(gè)戴面具的持槍歹徒搶劫了。5．用于表示朝代、年代的名詞前，或用于整十的數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)前，表示某個(gè)年代。Asiswellknowntousall,theSecondWorldWarbrokeoutinthethirtiesoflastcentury.眾所周知，二戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)于上個(gè)世紀(jì)30年代。6．用于表示姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前，表示一家人或夫婦倆。TheSmithslivedintheapartmentaboveours.史密斯夫婦住在我們樓上的公寓里。7．用于世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物前。Nooneknowsexactlyhowthemooncameintoexistence,asithappenedsolongago.沒有人確切知道月球是怎樣形成的，因?yàn)檫@發(fā)生在很久之前。8．用于被演奏的西洋樂器前。AsfarasIknow,helikesplayingthepiano.據(jù)我所知，他喜歡彈鋼琴。(二)固定結(jié)構(gòu)及固定短語中的定冠詞1．固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的定冠詞(1)用于“by＋the＋表示計(jì)量單位的名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示“按……計(jì)算”?！狪t’ssaidthatJohnwillbeinajobpayingover$60,000ayear.—Right,hewillalsogetpaidbytheweek.——據(jù)說，約翰將獲得一個(gè)年薪超過6萬美元的工作?！堑?，他的工資還將按周支付。(2)用于“動(dòng)詞＋sb.＋介詞＋the＋身體某一部位”結(jié)構(gòu)中。Hisnosebledwhenthethiefhithimintheface.那個(gè)賊打到了他的臉，他鼻子出血了。(3)用于themore...themore...(越……越……)結(jié)構(gòu)中。Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyouwillmake.你越小心，就會(huì)越少犯錯(cuò)誤。2．固定短語中的定冠詞atthemoment此刻；目前intheend最后；最終totellthetruth說實(shí)話ontheotherhand另一方面bytheway順便說一下inthemiddleof在……中間atthesametime與此同時(shí)onthecontrary相反onthewhole總的來說inthedistance在遠(yuǎn)處tothepoint中肯；切題makethemost/bestof充分利用gotothecinema/theater去看電影/戲劇Nowthatyouhavesuchagoodchance,you’dbettermakethebestofeveryminutetoachieveyourgoal.既然你有這么好的一次機(jī)會(huì)，你最好充分利用每一分鐘去實(shí)現(xiàn)你的目標(biāo)。三、零冠詞(一)零冠詞的基本用法下列情況下不用冠詞。1．表示泛指的不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞前。①Keepingadiaryisagoodhabit,bywhichyou’llmakegreatprogress.記日記是一個(gè)可以讓你取得巨大進(jìn)步的好習(xí)慣。②Telephonesarestillplayinganimportantroleinpeople’slife.在人們的生活中仍然起著重要的作用。2．表示泛指的季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)假日、洲、三餐、球類、學(xué)科、棋類名詞前。Ayearcanbedividedintofourseasons—spring,summer,autumnandwinter.一年可以分為四季——春、夏、秋、冬。3．與by連用的表示交通工具、通訊工具的名詞前。Areyougoingtherebyplaneorbyship?你是乘飛機(jī)還是乘船去那里？4．系動(dòng)詞turn后的單數(shù)名詞作表語時(shí)。Afteryearsofhardwork,TomturnedengineerwhileMarygoodmanager.多年的努力工作之后，湯姆成了工程師而瑪麗成了一位好經(jīng)理。5．表示頭銜和職務(wù)的名詞作表語、同位語或補(bǔ)足語時(shí)。DrPeterSpence,headmasteroftheschool,toldus,“AfifthofpupilsheregoontostudyatOxfordandCambridge.”這所的校長彼得·斯彭斯博士告訴我們說：“這里五分之一的學(xué)生都會(huì)到牛津大學(xué)或者劍橋大學(xué)繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)?！?二)固定結(jié)構(gòu)及固定短語中的零冠詞1．固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的零冠詞“零冠詞＋單數(shù)名詞＋as/though＋主語＋謂語，主句”，意為“雖然……但是……”。Youngmanasheis,hehasseenmuchoftheworld.盡管他很年輕，但他閱歷很豐富。2．固定短語中的零冠詞onpurpose故意地 bychance碰巧catchfire著火 atdawn在黎明facetoface面對面 outofdate過時(shí)的makeroomfor讓位 indebt負(fù)債inshape健康 onfoot步行indanger在危險(xiǎn)中 sidebyside并排fromtimetotime不時(shí)地 handinhand手拉手dayafterday日復(fù)一日地heartandsoul全心全意地Tomalwaysgoesjogginginthemorningandheusuallydoespush-upstootostayinshape.湯姆總是在早上慢跑，他通常也做俯臥撐來保持健康。[典題精選][我來改正][常設(shè)誤點(diǎn)]①(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)Theylivefarfromtheschool,andittakesthemaboutahourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.②Buthehadonlyan100-yuannote.③(2019·嘉峪關(guān)市一模)HewasanEuropeanbillionairewhogoteverythinghewanted.①第一個(gè)a→an/one②an→a③an→a(1)不定冠詞a和an的錯(cuò)用①在元音音素前應(yīng)用不定冠詞an；②在輔音音素前應(yīng)用不定冠詞a；③有些單詞以元音字母開頭但卻是以輔音音素開頭，前面應(yīng)用冠詞a而不用an，如university；還有一些單詞以輔音字母開頭但卻是以元音音素開頭，前面應(yīng)用冠詞an而不用a，如hour。④(2016·全國卷Ⅰ)Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsofbeingrichintheshortperiodoftime.⑤(2015·全國卷Ⅱ)Oneday,littleTonywenttoashoppingcenterwithhisparents...Awomansawhimcryingandtoldhimtowaitoutsideashop.④the→a⑤outside后的a→the(2)不定冠詞a(n)和定冠詞the的錯(cuò)用①表示特指時(shí)用定冠詞the；②表示泛指時(shí)用不定冠詞a(n)。⑥Thiscustomsoonbecameanothermealofday.⑦(2019·重慶六校聯(lián)考)ForrestGumpwasborninsmallvillage.⑥在day前加the⑦在small前加a(3)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前冠詞的缺失一般情況下，單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前應(yīng)有適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~a(n)或the。a(n)表示泛指，the表示特指。⑧(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Duringmylastwinterholiday,Iwenttocountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.⑨(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)Istillrememberhowhardfirstdaywas.⑩(2016·全國卷Ⅱ)Butinthatcase,wewilllearnlittleaboutworld.⑧在countryside前加the⑨在hard后加the/my⑩在world前加the(4)定冠詞the的缺失①在固定搭配中的定冠詞the；②在序數(shù)詞前常用定冠詞the；③在世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物前加定冠詞the。?Thereareallkindsoftheflowersandtreesaroundtheclassroombuildings.?(2019·南昌市一模)Ithinkit’sagreatfunandIcanmakemorefriends.?去掉flowers前的the?去掉great前的a(5)冠詞的多余可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí)不用冠詞。?(2016·全國卷Ⅲ)Atthefirst,IthoughtIkneweverythingandcouldmakedecisionsbymyself.?(2015·浙江高考)Iwasalwaysinterestedtoseethedriversinhurryinthemorning.?(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)Aroundmeinpicturearethethingswhichwereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime:carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.?去掉the?在hurry前加a?在picture前加the/this(6)常見固定搭配中冠詞的缺失與多余在固定搭配中，有的用不定冠詞a(n)，有的用定冠詞the，而有的不帶任何冠詞，如：inahurry,coveranareaof,ontheright,infact等。eq\a\vs4\al([?？碱}點(diǎn)對點(diǎn)練])Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Whenyoumeetanewword,youcanlookitupinyourdictionary.2．HebecameoneofthemostpopularstarsofAmericantelevision.3．Ayoungman,whiletravelingthroughadesert,cameacrossaspringofclearwater.Thewaterwassweet.4．Theeducationoftheyoungisalwaysaserioustopic.5．Itisoutofthequestionthatyoucangetariseifyoudon’tworkhard.6．Whilerunninginthepark,Iheardsomeoneplayingtheviolin,whichdrewmyattention.7．—Excuseme,isthereaMrTaylorlivingintheneighborhood？Thereisaparcelforhim.—Sorry,butthereisnosuchpersonhere.8．—Haveyoulistenedtotheweatherforecast,Linda?—Yes.Itsaysthattherewillbeaheavyrainthisweekend.9．Thefrequentterrorismactivitiesinrecentyearsconstitute(構(gòu)成)anenormoussecuritychallengetoallcountries.10．Theyoungmayneedmoresleepthantheold,butusuallyeighthoursisenoughforthehealthofgrown-ups.11．Firstimpressionsarethemostlasting.Afterall,youcannevergetasecondchancetomakefirstimpressions.12．Ishouldbeveryinterestedtomeetthemanwhothrewthestoneyoumentionedinthenewspaper.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．Afterabouthalfahour,therainstoppedandIwenthome.a→an2．Aseveryoneknows,it’sfamousmountainwithallkindsofplantsandanimals.famous前加a3．Hereisaverypersonwearelookingfor,onewithagoodknowledgeofGerman.第一個(gè)a→the4．Allthestudentsinourclassmadeaprogressbystudyingharderthisterm.去掉a5．Itisnotrarein1990sthatpeopleintheirfiftiesaregoingtouniversityforfurthereducation.1990s前加the6．NowI’dliketotellyouaimpressivestorythathappenedonthefirstdayofmyteachingcareer.a→an7．(2019·銀川質(zhì)檢)WhenEnglishisanonlylanguageinclass,studentswillhavemoreopportunitiestopractiselisteningandspeaking.an→the8．(2018·沈陽三測)Dadreadmyfavoritestorybookstome.Finishingonestorybook,hewentouttofetchtheanother.去掉theeq\a\vs4\al([高考題型綜合練])Ⅰ.語法填空Morethan1,250litstalls(貨攤)brightenthecenterofThailand’scapitalcity,__1__(provide)amulticoloredsight.Theshelter,__2__isdesignedforthethousandsoftradersandshoppersatBangkok’snightmarket,hasbeean__3__(attract)itself.Themarket,which__4__(call)TrainNightMarketRatchadainEnglish,wasopenedinJanuary2015andhasbee__5__popularspotforlocalsandtourists.SoftwareengineerPrasadAmbativisitedthemarketandtookthelandscapephotographsfromanearbycarpark.“Those__6__(color)tentsandpeopleshopping,eatingatstallsandtheflashinglightsweregreat.Thetentsmademethinkofagiantpainting.”Thisis__7__(primary)amarketthatsellsyesteryear(舊時(shí))goods,old-fashioned__8__(collection)ofclothes,motorbikes,andsecond-handtoys.Therearealsoplentyofgeneralmarketthingsforsale,__9__cheapclothes,shoes，bags,andotherfashionitems.Butaboveallit’soneofthebestplacesforstreetfood,open-airbarswithlivemusicfrequently__10__(perform)allover.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了位于曼谷的夜市TrainNightMarketRatchada。1．providing分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞；provide與其邏輯主語stalls之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故