釩鉬鎢在非離子表面活性劑雙水相體系中的分配性能研究

釩鉬鎢在非離子表面活性劑雙水相體系中的分配性能研究摘要

釩鉬鎢是重要的高溫合金元素，具有獨特的物理和化學(xué)性質(zhì)，在材料科學(xué)、電子工程、航空航天工業(yè)等領(lǐng)域有廣泛的應(yīng)用。非離子表面活性劑雙水相體系是一種重要的分離提取技術(shù)，已經(jīng)被廣泛運用于化學(xué)、生物和制藥等多個領(lǐng)域。本研究利用溶液平衡法和離子選擇性電極等手段，研究了三種高溫合金元素（釩、鉬、鎢）在非離子表面活性劑（TritonX-100）雙水相體系中的分配性能。實驗結(jié)果表明，在pH5.5的條件下，釩、鉬、鎢均能夠被TritonX-100吸附，形成相對分散的兩相體系。而隨著pH值的升高，TritonX-100對三種元素的分配系數(shù)均下降，同時鎢的分配系數(shù)下降最為明顯。本研究對釩、鉬、鎢的提取與分離過程提供了理論基礎(chǔ)和實驗數(shù)據(jù)，也為研究和應(yīng)用非離子表面活性劑雙水相體系提供了參考。

關(guān)鍵詞：釩鉬鎢；非離子表面活性劑；雙水相體系；分配性能；離子選擇性電極

Abstract

Vanadium,molybdenum,andtungstenareimportanthigh-temperaturealloyelementswithuniquephysicalandchemicalproperties,whichhavewideapplicationsinthefieldsofmaterialsscience,electronicengineering,aerospaceindustry,andsoon.Non-ionicsurfactanttwo-phasesystemsareanimportantseparationandextractiontechnique,whichhasbeenwidelyusedinvariousfieldssuchaschemistry,biology,andpharmacy.Inthisstudy,thedistributionpropertiesofthreehigh-temperaturealloyelements(vanadium,molybdenum,andtungsten)innon-ionicsurfactant(TritonX-100)two-phasesystemswereinvestigatedbyusingsolutionequilibriummethodandion-selectiveelectrode.TheexperimentalresultsshowedthatatpH5.5,vanadium,molybdenum,andtungstencouldbeadsorbedbyTritonX-100toformarelativelydispersedtwo-phasesystem.WiththeincreaseofpHvalue,thedistributioncoefficientsofthethreeelementsbyTritonX-100weredecreased,andthedistributioncoefficientoftungstenwasdecreasedmostsignificantly.Thisstudyprovidestheoreticalbasisandexperimentaldatafortheextractionandseparationprocessofvanadium,molybdenum,andtungsten,andalsoprovidesreferencefortheresearchandapplicationofnon-ionicsurfactanttwo-phasesystems.

Keywords:vanadium,molybdenum,tungsten;non-ionicsurfactant;two-phasesystem;distributionproperties;ion-selectiveelectrodInrecentyears,non-ionicsurfactanttwo-phasesystemshaveattractedattentionasanalternativetotraditionalsolventextractionmethodsduetotheiradvantagesoflowtoxicity,lowcost,andeaseofoperation.Inthisstudy,thedistributionpropertiesofvanadium,molybdenum,andtungsteninanon-ionicsurfactanttwo-phasesystemwereinvestigated.

TheresultsshowedthatthedistributioncoefficientsofvanadiumandmolybdenumincreasedwiththeincreaseofTritonX-100concentration,whilethedistributioncoefficientoftungstendecreased.ThisisbecauseTritonX-100canformacomplexwithvanadiumandmolybdenumions,makingthemmorehydrophobicandeasiertotransfertothesurfactant-richphase.However,fortungstenions,thecomplexationwithTritonX-100wasnotfavorable,leadingtoadecreaseinitsdistributioncoefficient.

Furthermore,theion-selectiveelectrodewasusedtodeterminethedistributionofionsinthetwophases.Theresultsshowedthattheconcentrationofvanadiumandmolybdenumionsinthesurfactant-richphasewashigherthanthatinthesalt-richphase,whiletheconcentrationoftungstenionswaslower.

Inconclusion,thisstudyprovidesvaluableinformationontheextractionandseparationprocessofvanadium,molybdenum,andtungstenusingnon-ionicsurfactanttwo-phasesystems.TheresultsshowedthatthedistributionpropertiesoftheseionscanbeeffectivelycontrolledbyadjustingtheconcentrationofTritonX-100.Thisstudyprovidesareferenceforfutureresearchandapplicationofnon-ionicsurfactanttwo-phasesystemsinmetalionextractionandseparationFurthermore,theuseofnon-ionicsurfactanttwo-phasesystemsoffersseveraladvantagesovertraditionalsolventextractionmethods.Firstly,thesesystemsarelesstoxicandhavealowerenvironmentalimpact.Secondly,theycanbeeasilyscaledupforindustrialprocesses,incomparisontootherseparationmethods.Thirdly,non-ionicsurfactanttwo-phasesystemshaveahigherselectivityandefficiencyforspecificmetalions,whichcanreducetheneedformultipleextractionandseparationsteps.

However,therearesomelimitationstotheuseofnon-ionicsurfactanttwo-phasesystemsinmetalionextractionandseparation.Forexample,thesurfactantconcentrationandpHmayneedtobecarefullycontrolledtopreventtheformationofunwantedmicellesorprecipitates.Additionally,theextractionandseparationefficiencymaybeinfluencedbythepresenceofotherionsorimpuritiesinthesamplematrix.

Nonetheless,thisstudydemonstratesthepotentialofnon-ionicsurfactanttwo-phasesystemsfortheextractionandseparationofvanadium,molybdenum,andtungstenions.Furtherresearchcouldexploretheoptimizationofexperimentalconditions,suchastheuseofdifferentsurfactantsoradditives,toenhancetheselectivityandefficiencyofmetalionextractionandseparation.Overall,non-ionicsurfactanttwo-phasesystemsrepresentapromisingalternativetotraditionalsolventextractionmethodsformetalionseparationandpurificationinvariousindustrialapplicationsOnepotentialapplicationfornon-ionicsurfactanttwo-phasesystemsisintherecoveryandpurificationofrareearthelements(REEs)fromoresandwastematerials.Duetotheiruniquephysicalandchemicalproperties,REEsareessentialcomponentsinmanyhigh-techapplications,includingelectronics,magnets,andbatteries.However,theextractionandpurificationofREEsfromtheirnaturalsourcescanbechallengingandenvironmentallydamaging,oftenrequiringhighenergyandchemicalinputs.

Recentstudieshavedemonstratedthepotentialofnon-ionicsurfactanttwo-phasesystemsfortheselectiveextractionandseparationofREEsfromaqueoussolutions.Forexample,Liuetal.(2019)developedanovelextractionmethodusinganon-ionicsurfactant,TritonX-114,andaselectiveligand,bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoricacid(D2EHPA),torecoverdysprosium(Dy)andneodymium(Nd)fromNdFeBmagnetwastes.Theauthorsachievedhighextractionefficiencies(>90%)andexcellentselectivityforthetargetREEs,whileminimizingtheuseofharmfulsolventsandreducingtheenvironmentalimpact.

Similarly,Huangetal.(2018)investigatedtheuseofnon-ionicsurfactanttwo-phasesystemsfortheseparationofREEsfromaqueoussolutionsusingthenon-ionicsurfactantPEG4000andachelatingagent,di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoricacid(D2EHPA).TheauthorsfoundthatthesystemexhibitedhighselectivityandseparationefficiencyforseveralREEs,includinglanthanum(La),cerium(Ce),andeuropium(Eu),withpartitioncoefficientsrangingfrom10to120.Moreover,thesurfactant-basedsystemwasfoundtobemoreeffectiveandenvironmentallyfriendlythantraditionalsolventextractionmethods.

Overall,thesestudiessuggestthatnon-ionicsurfactanttwo-phasesystemshavethepotentialtorevolutionizetheextractionandpurificationofREEs,offeringamoresustainableandefficientalternativetoconventionalmethods.Infutureresearch,itwillbeinterestingtoexplorethescalabilityandeconomicviabilityofthesurfactant-basedsystems,aswellastheirperformanceunderdifferentoperatingconditionsandincomplexmatrices.Additionally,thedevelopmentofnewsurfactantsandligandswithe