中考英語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句講解及習(xí)題附參考答案

狀語(yǔ)從句（一）狀語(yǔ)從句概述定義狀語(yǔ)從句用作狀語(yǔ)，是起副詞作用的句子。位置狀語(yǔ)從句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，時(shí)間、條件、原因和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句放在句首時(shí)需要用逗號(hào)和主句隔開(kāi)。分類(lèi)根據(jù)其作用可以分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、目的、讓步、方式和比較等狀語(yǔ)從句。作用它可以修飾謂語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和整個(gè)句子。（二）狀語(yǔ)從句詳解1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞用法示例when意為“當(dāng)…的時(shí)候”。When引導(dǎo)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可以是瞬間動(dòng)詞。并且when有時(shí)表示“就在那時(shí)”Aliarisnotbelievedwhenhespeaksthetruth.說(shuō)謊者講真話時(shí)也沒(méi)有人相信。Whenhearrives,I’llcallyou.Whenyoulaughandsmile,yourbodyrelaxes.while意為“在…的時(shí)候，在…的同時(shí)”。While引導(dǎo)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性的，發(fā)生時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)，并強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生（或者相對(duì)應(yīng)）。While有時(shí)還可以表示對(duì)比。WhileIwasstandingatthewindow,Isawseveralboysrunningalongthestreet.WhileJohnwaswatchingTV,hiswifewascooking.as意為“一邊…一邊…”。As引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作是延續(xù)性的，發(fā)生時(shí)間較短，一般用于主句和從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；as也可以強(qiáng)調(diào)一前一后。ThewriterwasangryashewastravellingonatraintoLondonbecausesomeonehadinvadedhis“space”.Hesmiledashestoodup.after意為“在…之后”。表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之后。主句與從句的動(dòng)作時(shí)間關(guān)系與before引導(dǎo)的從句相反。Withmanyhungryvisitorswaiting,don’tstaytoolongatyourtableafteryouhavefinished.Ifanearlyexitisnecessary,youcanleaveafterasceneisover.before意為“在…之前”。引導(dǎo)的從句不用否定形式的謂語(yǔ)，并且當(dāng)before引導(dǎo)的從句位于主句之后，有時(shí)譯成“就，才”。當(dāng)主句用將來(lái)時(shí)，從句總是用現(xiàn)在時(shí)；如果before引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)用的是過(guò)去時(shí)，則主句動(dòng)詞多用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，這樣以便體現(xiàn)動(dòng)作的先后。Youcan’twatchTVbeforeyoufinishyourhomework.Beforeitended,thetheatrewasalmostempty.MyfatherhadleftforCanadajustbeforetheletterarrived.till意為“直到”。一般情況下可以和until互換。如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，必須用否定形式；如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，用肯定和否定形式都可以，但表達(dá)的意思不同。Shedidn’tevenknowthatitwasanearthquaketillshesawashaking(movingfromsidetoside)light.Thefiremanworkedveryhardtillthefirewasout.until意為“直到”。在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中多用until。如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，必須用否定形式；如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，用肯定和否定形式都可以，但表達(dá)的意思不同。I’mwaitingformysister.Iwon’tgotoseemyuncleuntilshecomes.WaituntilIfinishwhatIamdoing.since意為“自從，從…以來(lái)”。引導(dǎo)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，也可以是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞。一般情況下，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，而主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。但在Itis+時(shí)間+since從句的句型中，主句多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。IhavebeenstudyinghardsinceIenteredthehighschool.ItisfouryearssincemysisterlivedinBeijing.ItisfiveyearsmonthssinceourbosswasnotinBeijing.assoonas意為“一…就…”。引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，如果主句用了將來(lái)時(shí)，從句一般使用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Tomwillcallmeassoonashegetshome.IwillcallyouassoonasIarrive.2.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞用法示例where意為“哪里”。“where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，（there+）主句”“哪里…哪里就…”。主句在從句后面時(shí)，there可用可不用；主句在從句的前面時(shí)，一般都不用there.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Theyweregoodpersons.Wheretheywent,theretheywerewarmlywelcomed.Youshouldhaveputthebookwhereyoufoundit.wherever意為“無(wú)論何地”。anywhere/wherever引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句+主句。anywhere本身是個(gè)副詞，但是常可以引導(dǎo)從句，相當(dāng)于連詞，意思相當(dāng)于wherever,anywhere引導(dǎo)的從句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。而wherever本身就是個(gè)連詞，表示“在何處，無(wú)論何處”。Wherevertheseais,youwillfindseaman.I’llgoanywhereyougo.3.條件狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞用法示例if連詞，意為“假如，如果”。當(dāng)主句是將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Don’ttalkloudlyatthemeeting.Ifyoudo,youwillhavetoleave.We’llgoforapicnicifitdoesn’trainthisweekend.unless連詞，意為“除非（=ifnot）。當(dāng)主句是將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Don’tdiscusstheproblemswithyourpartnerunlessyouareaskedtodoso.Iwon’tgothereunlessyoucomewithme.4.原因狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞用法示例as意為“因?yàn)椤?。引?dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)表示附帶。說(shuō)明“雙方已知的原因”，語(yǔ)氣比since弱，較為正式，位置較為靈活（常放于主句之前）。Astheweatheriscold,Istayathome.Asitisraining,you’dbettertakeataxi.Asyouaretired,you’dbetterrest.since意為“因?yàn)椤?。引?dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、顯然的理由（通常被翻譯成“既然”），較為正式，語(yǔ)氣比because弱。Sincetheearthlookslikeaball,thesuncanshineononlyhalfofitatatime.SincetheraceisinApril,Ihadtorunthroughoutthewinter,andinBoston,wintersarecold.Sinceeverybodyishere.Let'sbeginourmeeting.because意為“因?yàn)椤?。引?dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句一般放于主句之后，表述直接原因，語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)，最適合why引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句。Because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)可以與becauseof短語(yǔ)互換。Thewomanpreferswinterbecauseshecanskate.I’dliketocollectstampsbecausetheyareinteresting.I’mverytiredthesedaysbecauseofstudyingphysics.Hecan’tcomebecauseheisill.=Hecan’tcomebecauseofhisillness.for意為“因?yàn)椤?。引?dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句并不說(shuō)明主句行為發(fā)生的直接原因，只提供一些輔助性的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，for引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句只能放于主句之后，并且必須用逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開(kāi)。Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.Hecouldnothaveseenme,forIwasnotthere.5.目的狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞用法示例sothat意為“以至，以便”。目的狀語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)常含有may,might,can,could,should,would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。Trytospeakloudenoughsothatpeoplecanhearyouclearly.Mr.Greenspeaksveryloudlysothatallthepeoplecanhearhimclearly.inorderthat意為“為了”，相當(dāng)于sothat.inorderto后面可以跟動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成目的狀語(yǔ)，不是目的狀語(yǔ)從句。Weshallletyouknowthedetailssooninorderthatyoucan/maymakeaarrangements.6.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞用法示例so…that意為“如此…以至于…”。so+adj./adv.原級(jí)+that,so是副詞，只能修飾形容詞和副詞。so還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many,few,much,little(這四個(gè)形容詞表示多或少時(shí))連用,形成固定搭配。so+many或few+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that;so+much或little+不可數(shù)名詞+that.ThisyearithasrainedsoheavilyinSouthChinathatlotsofproblemsarecaused.Theiceonthelakewassothinthatpeoplecouldn’tskateonit.Toooften,wespendsomuchtimethinkingaboutthefuturethatwefailtoenjoythepresent.TherearesofewnotebooksthatIcan’tgiveyouany.such..that意為“如此…以至于…”。有三種結(jié)構(gòu)：such+a(an)+adj.+單數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞+that;such(+adj.)+不可數(shù)名詞+that;such(+adj.)+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that,such是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組。有時(shí)可與so…that句型轉(zhuǎn)換。It’ssuchawonderfulsongthatwealllikeit.Simonissuchdishonestpersonthatnoonebelieveshim.Theboyissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.=Heissuchayoungboythathecan’tgotoschool.7.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞用法示例though意為“雖然”。不能和but連用。但是可以同yet(still)連用，構(gòu)成though…yet(still).though較普遍，常用于非正式的口語(yǔ)和書(shū)面語(yǔ)中。even能和though組合表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，在這里eventhough=evenif(nomatterif;though即使…也…)。though可以獨(dú)立用作副詞，常放在句末，意為allthesame(還是；仍然)或however(可是；然而)。Soithasliveduptonowthoughitisn'tstrongatall.Thoughtheyaretwinbrothers,theydon’tlooklikeeachother.Evenif/Eventhoughwecouldaffordit,wewouldaffordit,wewouldn’tgoabroadforourvacation.although意為“雖然”。不能和but連用。但是可以同yet(still)連用，構(gòu)成although…yet(still).although較為正式，語(yǔ)氣比though重，常用以強(qiáng)調(diào)讓步概念。even不能和although組合。Althoughhediedseveralyearsago,Icanstillrememberthedayswespenttogetherandwhathehastaughtmeaboutlove.Althoughwehadlittlefoodwithus,wedecidedtospendthenightinthecar.8.比較狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞用法示例as…as...意為“和…一樣”。表示同級(jí)的比較。使用時(shí)要注意第一個(gè)as為副詞，第二個(gè)as為連詞。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：as+adj./adv.原級(jí)+as。若有修飾成分，如twice,threetimes,half,aquarter等，則須置于第一個(gè)as之前。Sheisverygoodatpainting.Shecanpaintaswellashereteacher.Iranoutasquicklyaspossible.notas/so…as意為“和…不一樣，不如”。也表示同級(jí)比較。Sheisnotso(as)outgoingashersister.Thisdictionaryisnotas/sousefulasyouthink.9.方式狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞用法示例as/(just)as...so…意為“猶如，就像”。引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句通常位于主句后，但在(just)as...so…結(jié)構(gòu)中位于句首，這時(shí)as從句帶有比喻的含義，意為“正如…，就像”，多用于正式文體。WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.Aswateristofish,soairistoman.asif/asthough意為“就像，好像”。兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)多用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與事實(shí)相反，有時(shí)也用陳述語(yǔ)氣，表示所說(shuō)情況是事實(shí)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。常譯作“仿佛…似的，好像…似的”。Ifwouldneverforgetheresmile,orthewayhereyesshoneasifwewerethesameage.Itlooksasiftheweathermaypickupverysoon.練習(xí)一一.單項(xiàng)填空1._______he’sold,hecanstillcarrythisheavybag.A.ThoughB.SinceC.ForD.So2.---Doyouknowifhe_______toplaybasketballwithus?---Ithinkhewillcomeifhe______freetomorrow.A.comes;isB.comes;willbeC.willcome;isD.willcome;willbe3.Inthezooifachild_____intothewaterandcan’tswim,thedolphinsmaycomeup______him.A.willfall;tohelpB.falls;tohelpC.willfall;helpD.falls;helping4.Idon’tremember________heworkedinthatcitywhenhewasyoung.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.who5.Wewillstayathomeifmyaunt________tovisitustomorrow.A.comesB.comeC.willcomeD.iscoming6.Thepoliceaskedthechildren_______crossthestreet________thetrafficlightsturnedgreen.A.not;beforeB.don’t;whenC.notto;untilD.not;after7.Iwaslateforclassyesterday_______therewassomethingwrongwithmybike.A.whenB.thatC.untilD.because8.I’llgoswimmingwithyouifI________freetomorrow.A.willbeB.shallbeC.amD.was9.Intheexam,the________youare,______the_______mistakesyouwillmake.A.careful;littleB.morecareful;fewestC.morecareful;fewerD.morecareful;less10.Youshouldfinishyourlessons_______yougoouttoplay.A.beforeB.afterC.whenD.while11.Ihurried_____Iwouldn’tbelateforclass.A.sinceB.sothatC.asifD.unless12.Whenyoureadthebook,you’dbettermakeamark_______youhaveanyquestions.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.though13.Theteacherraisedhisvoice____