高中名詞性從句講解與練習(xí)

PAGEPAGE1名詞性從句 名詞性從句相當(dāng)于名詞，可分別作主句的主語、表語、賓語和同位語。因此，名詞性從句廳分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位從句。（一）引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞 1、連接代詞：who,whose,whom,what,which。有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任成分，如主語、表語、賓語、或定語等。 2、連接副詞：when,where,why,how。有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任成分，作狀語。 3、連接詞：that,whether,if,asif。that無詞義，在從句中不擔(dān)任成分，有時(shí)可省略；if(whether),asif雖有詞義，但在從句中不擔(dān)任成分。 注意：連接代詞與連接副詞在句中不再是疑問句，因而從句中謂語不用疑問式。連接代詞與連接副詞在從句充當(dāng)句子成分，連接詞whether和if（是否），asif（好象）在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，只起連接作用。根據(jù)句義，如果連接代詞與連接副詞，whether、if和asif都用不上時(shí)，才用that作連接詞（that本身無任何含義）。（二）主語從句 1、主語從句在復(fù)合句作主語。 e.g.Whowillgoisnotimportant. 2、用it作形式主語，主語從句放在句末。 e.g.Itdoesn’tmattersomuchwhetheryouwillcomeornot. 3、that引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，不能省略。 e.g.Thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.（三）表語從句 1、表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語，位于系動(dòng)詞之后。 e.g.Thequestionwaswhocouldgothere. 2、引導(dǎo)表語從句的連接詞that有時(shí)可省去。 e.g.Myideais(that)wecangetmorecomradestohelpinthework.（四）賓語從句 1、賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作賓語。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞that一般可省略。 e.g.Ihope(that)everythingisallright. 2、介詞之后的賓語從句，不可用which或if連接，要分別用what或whether。 e.g.I’minterestedinwhetheryou’vefinishedthework.. I’minterestedinwhatyou’vesaid. 3、whether與if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，常可互換。但下面情況不能互換。 ①賓語從句是否定句時(shí)，只用if，不用whether。e.g.Iwonderifitdoesn’train.②用if會(huì)引起誤解，就要用whether。e.g.Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.（此句如果把whether改成if，容易當(dāng)成條件句理解）③賓語從句中的whether與ornot直接連用，就不能換成if；不直接連用，可換。e.g.Idon’tknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.Idon’tknowwhether/ifthereportistrueornot.④介詞后的賓語從句要用whether引導(dǎo)。whether可與不定式連用。whether也可引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句，還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，以上均不能換成if。但引導(dǎo)條件從句時(shí)，只能用if，而不能用whether。e.g.Itdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.Theydon’tknowwhethertogothere.Pleasecometoseemeifyouhavetime.（五）同位語從句同位語從句在句中作某一名詞的同位語，一般位于該名詞（如：news,fact,idea,suggestion,promise等）之后，說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。e.g.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback. Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.練習(xí)：名詞性從句一、判斷下列各句哪句含有名詞性從句，并指出是什么從句：1.Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.2.Thetruththattheearthturnaroundthesunisknowntoall.3.Itwassnowingwhenhearrivedatthestation.4.Howhepersuadedthemanagertochangetheplanisinterestingtousall.5.Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.6.Thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallydisappointing.7.ThatiswhereLuXunusedtolive.8.Hespokeasifheunderstoodwhathewastalkingabout.9.DoyouremembertheteacherwhotaughtusEnglishatmiddleschool?10.Iwonderwhysherefusedmyinvitation.二、用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空：1.Ican’tdecide____________dictionaryIshouldbuy.2.That’s____________herefusedmyinvitation.3.Iamveryinterestedin____________hehasimprovedhispronunciationinsuchashorttime.4.____________weneedismoretime.5.Thefact____________shehadnotsaidanythingatthemeetingsurprisedeverybody.6.____________and____________theywillmeethasnotbeendecidedyet.7.Pleasetellme____________youarewaitingfor.8.Isthat____________youarelookingfor?9.Wouldyoupleasetellme____________thenearestpostofficeis?10.Idon’tknow____________hewillagreetotheplanornot.三、選擇填空： 1.Doyousee_____Imean?A.that B./ C.how D.what2.Tellme_____isonyourmind.A.that B.what C.whichD.why3.Wemuststickto_____wehaveagreedon.A.what B.that C./ D.how4.Letmesee_____.A.thatcanIrepairtheradio B.whether-IcanrepairtheradioC.Icanrepairtheradio D.whethercanIrepairtheradio5.Keepinmind_____.A.thattheteachersaid B.whatdidtheteachersayC.thatdidtheteachersay D.whattheteachersaid20.Thesephotographswillshowyou_____.A.whatdoesourvillagelooklike B.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklike D.howourvillagelookslike21.Peterinsisted_____hepaythebill.A.onthat B.what C.that D.onwhich22.Theyurged_____thelibraryopenduringthevacation.A.when B.where C.why D.that23.Wewishwecouldhavelearned_____whenwewereathighschool.A.whatyoudid B.thatyouhaddoneC.thatwhatyoudid D.whatdidyoudo24.1willdescribetoyou_____Isawwhenthere.A.what B.that C.whichD./25.From_____Ishouldsayheisagoodworker.A.what1knowofhim B.thatIdoknowofhimC.whatdoIknowofhim D.thatdoIknowofhim26.Iwillgivethisdictionaryto__wantstohaveit.A.whomeverB.anyone C.whoever D.someone27._____theywillcomeherehasn'tbeendecidedyet.A.What B.That C.When D.Where28._____wassaidheremustbekeptsecret.A.WhoB.Thething C.Whatever D.Where29.Itisstillaquestion_____weshallhaveoursportsmeet.A.if B.that C.what D.when30.I'mgoinganyway._____shewillgoisuptohertodecide.A.Ifornot B.Whetherornot C.If D.That31.Itisstrange_____shehaveleftwithoutsayingaword.A.that B.what C.why D.how32.Itisveryclear_____ourpolicyisacorrectone.A.what B.that C.whyD.where33._____MrZhangsaidisquiteright.A.That B.When C.What D.Whether34.Ithasbeendecided_____hewillbesentthere.A.if B.whether C.why D.that35.Itdoesn'tmatter_____he'scomebackornot.A.if B.whether C.that D.when36.It'sagreatpity_____wewon’tbeabletofinishthetaskontime.A.when B.that C.whyD.where37.Ithappened_____Iwasn'ttherethatday.A.when B.why C.where D.that38._____youhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople.A.What B.That C.Which D.Thethings39._____leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoftthelights.A.Anyone B.Theperson C.Whoever D.Who40._____the2000OlympicGameswon'tbeheldinBeijingisknowntoall.A.WhetherB.If C.WheneverD.That41._____failstoseethiswillmakeabigmistake.A.That B.Whoever C.WhetherD.Whetherornot42.__weneedmoreequipmentisquiteobvious.A.What B.Whether C.That D.Whatever43.Hasitbeenannounced_____?A.whenaretheplanestotakeoff B.thataretheplanestotakeoffC.wherearetheplanestotakeoff D.whentheplanesaretotakeoff44.Thatis_____weallsupporthisidea. A.what B.why C.where D.when45.That’s_____weshoulddo. A.that B.what C.how D.why46._____istroublingmeis_____Idon’tunderstand_____hesaid A.What;that;what B.What;what;what C.That;that;what D.Why;that;which47.Thingswerenot_____theyseemedtobe. A.when B.why C.that D.what48.That’s_____Iwanttosay. A.allwhat B.what C.allwhich D.whatthat49.That’s_____. A.whereourdifferenceslie B.ourdifferencesliethere C.wheredoourdifferenceslie D.thatwhereourdifferenceslie50.Thatis_____. A.wherelivedhethere B.wheredidhelive C.wherehelived D.thatwherehelived51.Thequestionsis_____.A.whetherisitworthdoing B.thatifitisworthdoingC.whetheritisworthdoing D.ifitisworthdoing52.Waterwillcontinuetobe_____itistodaynextinimportancetooxygen.A.how B.which C.what D.as53.That's_____.A.howdidIbecomeateacher B.howIbecameateacherC.howateacherIbecame D.thatIbecameateacher54.Theyarejust_____.A.thatwhatshallIhave B.whatshallIhaveC.thatIshallhavewhat D.whatIshallhave55.Itlooked____.A.asifitwasgoingtorain B.thatasifitwasgoingtorainC.asifwasitgoingtorain D.asifthatitwasgoingtorain56.That's_____.A.howshedidit B.thathowdidshedoit.C.howdidshedoit D.whatshedidit57.Thatis_____wedecidedtoputthediscussionoff.A.where B.which C.that D.why58.That’s_____IlivedwhenIwastenyearsold. A.where B.atwhich C.therewhere D.when59.Mysuggestionis_____weshouldsendafewcomradestohelpthem.A.if B.that C.whenthat D.thatwhere60.Theidea_____allpeopleareselfishiswrong.A.what B.that C.whyD.if61.Weheardthenews_____ourteamhadwon.A.that B.what C.whether D.why62.Thefact_____hehadn’tsaidanythingsurprisedusall.A.why B.if C.that D.whether63.Ihavenoidea_____shewillbeback.A.that B.where C.thatwhen D.when64.Wemustkeepinmindthefact_____Chinaisstilladevelopingcountry.A.whether B.that C.why D.when65.Theyhavenoideaatall_____.A.wherehehasgone B.wheredidhegoC.wherehashegone D.whichplacehehasgone參考答案語法復(fù)習(xí)五：名詞性從句一、1、表語從句；2、同位語從句；3、不是；4、主語從句；5、同位語從句；6、不是；7、表語從句；8、賓語從句；9、不是；10、賓語從句二、1.which;2.why;3.how;4.What;5.that;6.when,where;7.who(m);8.what;9.where;10.whether三、1~5DBABD6~10DBBCA11~15CABCC16~20BADAB21~25CDAAA26~30CCCDB31~35ABCDB36~40BDACD41~45BCDBB46~50ADBAC51~55CCBDA56~60ADABB61~65ACDBA在主從復(fù)合句中，從句可以充當(dāng)主句的主語、表語、賓語或同位語。由于在多數(shù)情況下，主語、表語、賓語或同位語這四種句子成分由名詞性詞類充當(dāng)，所以，我們把這些作用相當(dāng)于名詞的從句統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句，把充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語或同位語的從句分別稱為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句或同位語從句。也就是說充當(dāng)什么成分就叫什么從句。名詞性從句由連接詞（或關(guān)聯(lián)詞）引導(dǎo)。常用的連接詞有連接詞作用whether是否that(本身無詞義)只起連接詞作用，引導(dǎo)從句，在從句中不作任何成分who,whom,whosewhich哪一個(gè)what什么，所…的在從句中分別作主語、賓語和定語在從句中分別作主語、賓語和定語在從句中分別作主語、賓語和定語when什么時(shí)候，where什么地方how怎樣、怎么，why為什么除了起連接詞作用外，還在從句中作狀語疑問詞（who,whom,whose,what,which,where,why,when,how）可以引導(dǎo)主語、賓語和表語從句。它們的特點(diǎn)是：1、疑問詞有本身的詞義；2、疑問詞在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)句子成分，如主語、賓語或狀語；3、這種疑問詞引導(dǎo)的從句一律用陳述語序，不能用疑問語序。Doyouknowwhomtheyarelookingfor?你知道他們?cè)谡艺l嗎？（賓語從句，陳述語序。不能是whomaretheylookingfor?）Idon’tknowwhodidit.我不知道這是誰干的。（賓語從句。在從句中如果疑問詞作主語，其陳述語序和疑問語序一致。）SheaskedmewhereIhadbeen.她問我到哪兒去了。（賓語從句。陳述語序，不能是wherehadIbeen.直接引語，間接引語。注意這句話的時(shí)態(tài)。）Canyoutellmewhenthetrainwillarrive?你能告訴我火車什么時(shí)候到嗎？(賓語從句。陳述語序，不能是whenwillthetrainarrive.直接引語，間接引語)Idon’tknowwhyhehasn’tcomeyet.我不知道他為什么還沒來。（賓語從句，陳述語序。不能是whyhasn’thecomeyet）Hedidn’ttellmewhatyouweredoing.他沒和我說你在干什么。（賓語從句，陳述語序。不能是whatwereyoudoing.Whatyouhavedonemightdoharmtotherpeople.你所做過的事情有可能傷害別人。（主語從句。what作從句的賓語。陳述語序，不能是whathaveyoudone.如果用疑問語序，意思發(fā)生了變化，成了“你做了什么？”。）Idon’tknowwhereheisnow.我不知道他現(xiàn)在在哪里。（賓語從句，陳述語序。不能是whereishenow.）Wherehewentforhisweekendisnotknown.不知道他去哪里過的周末。（主語從句，where作從句的地點(diǎn)狀語。陳述語序，不能是wheredidhegoforhisweekend.）Whosefaultthisisisnotimportant.這是誰的過錯(cuò)并不重要。（主語從句，whose作從句的定語。陳述語序，不能是whosefaultisthis.）WhatIwanttoknowiswherehehasgoneforhisweekend.我想知道的是他到哪里度周末去了。（這句話包含兩個(gè)名詞性從句：whatIwanttoknow是主語從句，what在從句中作賓語，從句用陳述語序，不能是WhatdoIwanttoknow.Wherehehasgoneforhisweekend是表語從句，where在從句中作狀語，從句用陳述語序，不能是wherehashegoneforhisweekend.）下面我們?cè)俜謩e講述主語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句和表語從句。一、

主語從句1．that引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，that沒有意義，但不能省略。（that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)可以省略。）Itworriedherabitthatherhairwasturninggray.她的頭發(fā)正在變白，這使她很不安。that引導(dǎo)主語從句，it作形式主語，that不能省略。Thatsheisarichwomanisknowntousall.眾所周知，她是個(gè)富有的女人。這是that引導(dǎo)主語從句，that不能省略。這句話可以改為用it作形式主語的句型。請(qǐng)同學(xué)們改寫：Itisknowntousallthatsheisarichwoman.Wedidn’tknow(that)youhadsoldyourhouse.我們不知道你已經(jīng)把你的房子賣了。這是that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，that可以省略。注意這句話的時(shí)態(tài)。2．從句作主語時(shí)，多數(shù)情況下由it作形式主語，而把主語從句放在后面，尤其是謂語部分（包括賓語）較短的情況下。Itwasn’tveryclearwhatshemeant.不清楚她是什么意思。Itisimportantthatheshouldcomeontime.他按時(shí)來是很重要的Itistruethatthatmanontheleftisawell-knownwriterhere.左邊那個(gè)人是本地的一位著名作家，這是真的。這里，第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)主語從句，是單純的連詞，無詞義，不作句子成分。第二個(gè)that是指示代詞，作句子成分，是man的定語。3．whether既可以引導(dǎo)主語從句也可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，但if不能引導(dǎo)主語從句。whether后面可以加ornot而if不能與ornot連用。作介詞賓語時(shí)不用if.如：WhetherIknewJohndoesn’tmatter.=Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherIknewJohn.我是否認(rèn)識(shí)約翰沒有關(guān)系Whetherornotshe’llcomeisn’tclear.=Whethershe’llcomeornotisn’tclear.=Itisn’tclearwhether——她是否來還不清楚Italldependsonwhetherwecangettheircooperation.這是主語從句還是賓語從句？it是形式主語嗎？it是代詞，whether引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，作介詞on的賓語，不能用if引導(dǎo)。請(qǐng)翻譯這句話。這完全取決于我們是否能得到他們的合作IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.賓語從句，介詞賓語，不能用if引導(dǎo)。請(qǐng)翻譯這句話。Sheaskedmewhether/ifyouweremarried.賓語從句，既可以用whether,又可以用if引導(dǎo)。注意時(shí)態(tài)的對(duì)應(yīng)。Itremainstobeseenwhethertheex-presidentwillbesentencedtodeath這位前總統(tǒng)是否會(huì)被判處死刑還有待觀察ItisapitythatProf.Wangcan’tattendourEnglishEvening

真可惜，王教授不能出席我們的英語晚會(huì)二

賓語從句在謂語動(dòng)詞、介詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞、動(dòng)名詞之后都可以帶有賓語從句。某些形容詞如sure,happy,glad，certain,pleased等之后也可以帶有賓語從句1，

that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句:that沒有意義，在口語或非正式文體中常省略Ireallyfeelshe’smakingamistake.我的確感到她正犯錯(cuò)誤Hearingthathissonwasbadlywounded,hehurriedtothehospitaltoseehim聽說兒子受了重傷，他急忙趕到醫(yī)院去看望他Isuggestedthatweshouldgohome.我建議我們回家去。虛擬語氣，that一般不能省略2．whether/if(是否)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句：如果要突出“究竟是…還是不…”，常在whether后面加ornot;if一般不與ornot連用

Heaskedmeif/whetherIknewJohn.他問我是否認(rèn)識(shí)約翰Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot.你能來還是不能來，告訴我一聲3．在think,believe,suppose,expect等動(dòng)詞的賓語從句中，否定不用在從句中，而是將think等詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问?/p>

Idon’tthinkthefilmisinteresting.我覺得這部電影沒什么意思Idon’tsupposewearegoingoutingtomorrow.我認(rèn)為我們明天不會(huì)出去郊游4．如果從句作賓語而后面還有補(bǔ)語，為了保持句子的平衡，用it作形式賓語，而將賓語從句放在句尾常跟這樣的復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞有：make,find,see,hear,feel,think,consider,regard,take….forgranted等Georgemadeitclearthatheopposedthisproject.喬治已明確表示他反對(duì)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。it代表that引導(dǎo)的句子，作賓語，clear是賓語補(bǔ)足語

Theykeptitquietthathewasdead.對(duì)他已經(jīng)死亡的消息，他們秘而不宣Itookitforgrantedthatyou’dstaywithus.我想當(dāng)然認(rèn)為你會(huì)和我們呆在一起三、同位語從句同位語從句是對(duì)名詞的內(nèi)容給予具體、詳細(xì)的說明。常在后面接同位語從句的名詞有fact,news,idea，truth,hope,suggestion,question,problem,doubt,fear,belief等。同位語從句常用的引導(dǎo)詞為that,有是也用when,where等疑問詞ThenewsthattheUnitedStateswashitbyterroristattackstookthewholeworldbysurprise.美國受到恐怖主義分子襲擊的消息令全世界吃驚Theideathatyoucandothisworkwellwithoutthinkingisquitewrong.你認(rèn)為不動(dòng)腦筋就能做好這件工作的想法是完全錯(cuò)誤的Peopleusedtoholdthebeliefthattheearthwasthecenteroftheuniverse.人們?cè)J(rèn)為地球是宇宙的中心Thedifficultyliesinthefactthatweareshortofmoney.困難在于我們?nèi)狈Y金這個(gè)事實(shí)Theyhavenoideaatallwherehehasgone.他們一點(diǎn)兒也不知道他去哪兒了注意：同位語從句的that只是引導(dǎo)詞，沒有其他語法作用，在句子中不作句子成分，不能省略；而定語從句中的that除了引導(dǎo)定語從句外，還是定語從句的一個(gè)成分，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作主語時(shí)不能省略，作賓語時(shí)可以省略Theideathatsomepeoplesaresuperiortoothersissheernonsense.有些民族優(yōu)越于其他民族這種想法簡直荒謬。（請(qǐng)辨別是同位語從句還是定語從句。）（同位語從句）Theideathatheproposedatthemeetingissheernonsense.他在會(huì)議上提出的這個(gè)想法簡直荒謬。（請(qǐng)辨別是同位語從句還是定語從句。）（定語從句）Nooneishappywiththefactthathefoundout.沒有人對(duì)他發(fā)現(xiàn)的事實(shí)感到高興。（請(qǐng)辨別是同位語從句還是定語從句。）（定語從句）Nooneishappywiththefactthathewillbecometheirboss.沒有人對(duì)他將成為他們的老板這一事實(shí)感到高興。（請(qǐng)辨別是同位語從句還是定語從句。）（同位語從句）四、表語從句表語從句位于主句的連系動(dòng)詞之后，在非正式文體中引導(dǎo)詞that可以省略。That’snotwhatIwant.那不是我要的

That’swhyIhavecome.那就是我為什么來了Myopinionisthatthingswillimprove.我的意見是事情會(huì)好起來的Theproblemiswhoistopayandwhenwecanstart.問題是誰來付帳、我們又何時(shí)開始WhatsurprisedmewasthathespokeEnglishsowell.使我感到吃驚的是他英語講得那么好WhatIwanttoknowiswhereweshallgoandwhethershewilljoinus.我想知道的是我們要去什么地方以及她是否加入我們此外，表語從句還可由asif（好像）引導(dǎo)；Itlookedasifitwas/weregoingtorain.（虛擬語氣）五、形容詞后的that從句that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句還可以用在一些形容詞后面。這種句型一般都用人作主語，所用的形容詞都是表示思想狀況或感情色彩的形容詞，如certain,sure,positive,afraid,convinced,anxious,disappointed,worried，glad,happy,sorry,amazed,surprised,aware,doubtful,confident等等Iamsure/certainthathe’sathomenow.我肯定他現(xiàn)在在家Hebecameangrythatyoumadethesamemistake.你犯了同樣的錯(cuò)誤，他生氣了Heremainsconfidentthathewillwin.他仍然自信他會(huì)贏SheisawarethatIcan’thelpher.她知道我?guī)筒涣怂拿amgladthatyou’vecome.你來了我很高興IamafraidthatIcan’tpromiseyouanything.恐怕我不能向你保證什么Wewereratherdisappointedthatyouwerenotabletocomeyesterday.昨天你沒能來我們有點(diǎn)失望Iamabitworriedthatshewillnotbeabletomakeit.我有點(diǎn)擔(dān)心她做不成這件事情六、what從句的小結(jié)1．

意思是“所….的事/物”,相當(dāng)于thething(s)that…,thatwhich…,或thosewhich…可以用于以下情況：(1)

引導(dǎo)主語從句

Whatshesawfrightenedher.她看到的事情嚇了她一跳Whatwasonceregardedasimpossiblehasnowbecomeareality.曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為不可能的事情，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)變成了事實(shí)WhatI’mafraidofistheirtakinghimtothatplace.我怕的是他們帶他到那地方去Whatweareworryingaboutisjustherinnocence.我們擔(dān)心的是她的幼稚Butwhathurtourfeelingsmostwasthepersonalcommentofthejudge.最傷我們感情的是法官的私下評(píng)論Whatwillbe,willbe.要發(fā)生的事總是要發(fā)生的（諺語）

Whatisgoneisgone.過去的事就過去了(2)

引導(dǎo)表語從句

That’swhatIhope.那就是我希望的Ishouldliketobeateacher.That’swhatIwanttobe.我想當(dāng)老師，那是我想干的事Timesarenotwhattheyusedtobe.時(shí)代不同了

He’snotwhathewasafewyearsago.他不是幾年前的他了Yourhealthisnotwhatitoughttobe.你的身體應(yīng)該更好(3)

引導(dǎo)賓語從句，包括介詞賓語

Hecouldnotexpresswhathefelt.他不能表達(dá)他的感受