四級閱讀理解及答案

1級閱讀理解及答案(總14頁)-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-CompanyOnel-CAL-本頁僅作為文檔封面，使用請直接刪除Passage1BythetimetheOlympicsbegininAtlantathissummer,thebusinessworldwillhavespentmorethan$1billiontolinktheirnamesandproductstotheOlympicGames.Thereare10WorldwideSponsors,10CentennialOlympicPartners,about20regularsponsorsandmorethanahundredlicensees.TheAtlantaGameswillboastan“official"scouringpadandtimepiece,twoofficialgameshows,andthreeofficialvehicles:afamilycar,animportminivanandaluxurysedan.ButwhatexactlydothesecompaniesreapfortheirhugeinvestmentAttheveryleast,theycommandticketstothemostpopularevents,invitationstothebestpartiesandprimehotelrooms.Butmostofall,accordingtoUSPostalService,itispurchasingtherighttospendmoney.Andtherighttospendmoneyisexpensive.Thebiggestbackers,OlympicsponsorslikeAnheuser-Busch,Coca-Cola,Mcdonald'sandXerox,commitupto$40million.But,gettingtherightstotheOlympicringsisonlyhalfthebattle.Theotherhalfisthechallengetosortofwraptheirproductbrandsaroundthatimage.OftenthatmeansTVtime.Andatroughly$400000per30-secondspot,someofthebiggestsponsorshavealreadylockedupeverycommercialslotintheirproductcategoriesthatNBChastosell.NoteveryoneisconvincedthattheGamesareworththepriceofbusinessadmission.ThebiggestandmostconspicuousnaysayerisNike.Itsspokesmansays:“IfIseeaReebokofficialwhomaynotbeinthebestshapefiringthestartingpistolandCarlLewiswearingNikeshoes,I'mgoingtogowithCarlbecausethat'stheauthenticlink."Nike'sstrategyishardtoarguewith-insteadofsponsoringtheOlympics,itsponsorsOlympians.YetevenNikewantsapieceoftheAtlanticaction.Alongwithsomeothernonsponsors,NikeistryingtodotdowntownAtlantawithbillboards.Advertisement,it'sanotherOlympicevent.By“officialvehicles",theauthormeans.A.automobilesforOlympicofficialsB.automobilesusedinofficialoccasionC.automobilesthattheOlympicparticipantsmustdriveD.automobilesthatallowedtobeartheOlympicsymbolWhichofthefollowingisnotanOlympicsponsorA.USPostalService.B.Nike.C.Coca-Cola.D.Mcdonald'sThelastsentenceofthispassageindicates.businessestryingtogetpublicityisapartoftheOlympicGameswhattheOlympicnon-sponsorsdoisofnointeresttotheOlympicorganizersC.thatbusinessesmusttryveryhardtoearnmoneyfromtheOlympicGamesasiftheywerethemselvescompetingintheGamesthatthosewhofailtosponsortheOlympicsthistimewilltryveryhardthenexttimeWhichofthefollowingisNOTimpliedinthepassageCompaniesusetheirOlympicsponsorshiptopromotesalesoftheirproducts.B.ToprovidesportswearforCarlLewisisamoreeffectiveadvertisementthantoprovidesuitsforOlympicofficials.NBCmakesgreatprofitsfromsellingadvertisingtimetocompanieseagertoimpresspotentialcustomersduringtheOlympicGames.NikelooksdownupontheOlympicGames.WhichofthefollowingcanbestsumupthepassageA.BusinesseswanttoprofitfromtheOlympics.B.The1996AtlantaOlympicGames.C.TheOlympicsponsorship.D.ImportanceoftheOlympicGames.Passage2Halloween(October31)Thisisaholidaywidelycelebratedwithdifferentnamesinmanycountries.Althoughitoriginatedasareligiousholiday,ithaslostitsreligiousconnectionsintheUnitedStates.Itisnowcelebratedlargelyasachildren'sday,andmanyAmericanchildrenlookforwardtoitfordaysandweeksbeforehand.Theorangepumpkinisharvestedatthistimeofyearandishollowedout,afunnyfacecutintoit,andacandleplacedinsideasadecorationinthewindow.Cityfolks,nowadays,sometimesusepaperpumpkinsfordecorations.Someyearsago,theholidaywascelebratedbydressingupinstrangeandfrighteningcostumesandplayingtricksonone'sneighborsandfriends,suchasringingdoorbells,throwingbitsofcornonthewindowpanes,andinotherwaysmakingminordisturbances.Morerecently,childrencometothedoortohavefriendsandneighborsadmiretheircostumesandguesswhotheyarebehindthefalsefacesandreceivetreatsofcandy,fruitorcookies.Theysay,“TrickorTreat",meaning,“Iwillplayatrickonyouwillnotgivemeatreat."Thispracticehasevenmorerecentlydevelopedintoasignificantinternationalactivity.Insteadoforalongwithcandy,thechildrencollectmoneyforUNICEF(UnitedNationsInternationalChildren'sEmergencyFund).Thisspecialcollectionofmoneybychildrenforneedychildrenthroughouttheworldisknownas“UNICEFTrickofTreat".Begunonlyrecently,itresultsinseveralmilliondollarseachyearcontributedtoUNICEF.Thecollectionboxisorange,reminiscentofthepumpkin.WhatcloesHolloweenoriginatefromA.achilolren'sdayB.atrickortreatC.areligiousdayD.adayforUNICEF7.WhichofthefollowingisnotmentionedsomeyearsagohowthechildrencelebratetheHalloweenDressingupinstrangeandfrighteningcostumesandplayingtricksonone'sneighborsfriends.Ringingdoorbells.C.Throwingbitsofcornonthewindowpanes.D.Dressingupinthebestholidayclothes.WhichofthefollowingisnotusedintheHalloweencelebrationA.PumpkinB.CandleC.CostumeD.FlowerdothechildrencollectmoneyintheHalloweenA.Theylovemoney.B.Theywanttogetenoughmoneytobuythemselvescandy.C.Theadultsarewillingtogivethemmoney.D.Theywanttohelpotherchildren.10.WhatisthesymbolofHalloweenA.Pumpkin.B.Candle.C.LaughterD.Money.Passage3Internationalairlineshaverediscoveredthebusinesstravelers,themanorwomanwhoregularlyjetsfromcountrytocountryaspartofthejob.Thisdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatairlineseverabandonedtheirbusinesstravelers.Indeed,companieslikeLufthansaandSwissairwouldrightlyarguethattheyhavealwayscateredbestfortheexecutiveclasspassengers.Butmanylinescouldbeaccusedofconcentratingtooheavilyintherecentpastonattractingpassengersbyvolume,oftenattheexpenseofregulartravelers.Toooften,theyhaveseemedgearedforquantityratherthanquality.Operatingamajorairlineinthe1980sisessentiallyamatteroffindingtherightmixofpassengers.Theairlinesneedtofillupthebackendoftheirwide-bodiedjetswithlowfarepassengers,withoutforgettingthatthefrontendshouldbefilledwithpeoplewhopaysubstantiallymorefortheirtickets.Itisnocoincidencethatthetwomajorairlinebankruptciesin1982wereamongthecompaniesspecializingincheapflights.Butlowfaresrequireconsistentlyfullaircrafttomakeflightseconomicallyviable,andintherecentrecessionthevolumeoftraffichasnotgrown.Equallythelargenumberofairlinesjostlingfortheavailablepassengershascreatedahugeexcessofcapacity.Thenetresultofexcesscapacityandcut-throatcompetitiondrivingdownfareshasbeentopushsomeairlinesintocollapseandleavemanyothershoveringonthebrink.Againstthisgrimbackground,itisnosurprisethatairlinesareturningincreasinglytowardsthebusinesstravelerstoimprovetheirratesofreturn.Theyhaveinvestedmuchtimeandefforttoestablishexactlywhattheexecutivedemandsforsittingapartfromthetourists.Highonthelistofprioritiesispunctuality;anexecutive'stimeismoney.Inflightserviceisanotherareawheretheairlinesarejostlingfortheexecutive'sattention.Thefreedrinksandheadsetsandbetterfoodareallpartofthelure.11.Onecriticismagainstmanyinternationalairlinesisthattheyhave,intherecentpast,.A.cateredforthemorewealthypeopleB.givenpreferentialtreatmenttoexecutiveclientsC.onlymettheneedsoftheregulartravelerD.marketedtheirservicewiththemassesinmind12.Withtheintentionofattractingasomewhatdifferenttypeofpassenger,theairlineshavenowbeguntoconcentrateon.ensuringthatthefacilitiesofferedtotheexecutiveareindeedsuperiorB.providingfacilitiesenablingbusinesstravelerstoworkonboardC.organizingactivitiesinwhichfirst-classpassengerscanparticipateD.installingsleepingcompartmentswheremoreprivacyisensured13.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat.asuccessfulairlineinthe1980smeetstheneedsnotonlyofthemassesbutalsoofthewealthypassengersitismorecomfortabletositinthebackofjetplanesC.businesstravelersdisliketouristsD.onlybyspecializingincheapflightscanairlinesavoidbankruptcy.14.InParagraph5.“in-flightservice"means.ServiceontheplaneB.AnewsafetydeviceC.FlightswithinonecountryD.Charge-freeairservice15.Thefollowingareallusedtoattractpassengersexcept.A.punctualityB.soundsystemC.freedrinksD.charge-freefoodPassage4InonlytwodecadesAsian-Americanhavebecomethefastest-growingUSminority.Astheirchildrenbeganmovingupthroughthenation'sschools,itbecameclearthatanewclassofacademicachieverswasemerging.Theirachievementsarereflectedinthenation'sbestuniversities,wheremathematics,scienceandengineeringdepartmentshavetakenonadecidedlyAsiancharacter.(ThisspeciallikingformathematicsandscienceispartlyexplainedbythefactthatAsian-Americanstudentswhobegantheireducationabroadarrivedinthe.withasolidgroundinginmathematicsbutlittleornoknowledgeofEnglish.)Theyarealsoinfluencedbythepromiseofagoodjobaftercollege.Asiansfeeltherewillbelessunfairtreatmentinareaslikemathematicsandsciencebecausetheywillbejudgedmoreimmediateinsomethinglikeengineeringthanwithanartsdegree.MostAsian-AmericanstudentsowetheirsuccesstotheinfluenceofparentswhoaredeterminedthattheirchildrentakefulladvantageofwhattheAmericaneducationalsystemhastooffer.Aneffectivemeasureofparentalattentionishomework.AsianparentsspendmoretimewiththeirchildrenthanAmericanparentsdo,andithelps.ManyresearchersalsobelievethereissomethinginAsianculturethatbreedssuccess,suchasidealsthatstressfamilyvaluesandemphasizeeducation.BothexplanationsforacademicsuccessworryAsian-Americansbecauseoffearsthattheyfeedatypicalracialimage.ManycanrememberwhenChinese,JapaneseandFilipinoimmigrantswerethevictimsofsocialisolation.Indeed,itwasnotuntil1952thatlawswerelaiddowngivingallAsianimmigrantstherighttocitizenship.16.Whilemakingtremendousachievementsatcollege,Asian-Americanstudents.A.feeltheyaremistreatedbecauseoflimitedknowledgeofEnglish.areafraidthattheiracademicsuccessesbearastrongAsiancharacterstillworryaboutunfairtreatmentinsocietygenerallyfeelitashametohavetodependontheirparents17.WhatarethemajorfactorsthatdeterminethesuccessofAsian-AmericansA.AsolidfoundationinbasicmathematicsandAsianculture.B.Hardworkandintelligence.HardhelpandalimitedknowledgeofEnglishD.AsiancultureandtheAmericaneducationalsystem.18.FewAsian-Americanstudentsmajorinhumansciencesmainlybecause.A.theirEnglishisnotgoodenough.theyareafraidtheymightmeetwithunfairjudgmentintheseareasC.thereisawidedifferencebetweenAsianandWesternculturesD.theyknowlittleaboutAmericancultureandsocietyWhydothetwo“explanations"(Para.3,Line1)worryAsian-AmericansA.TheyareafraidthattheywouldagainbeisolatedfromAmericansocietyingeneral.B.PeoplewouldthinkthatAsianstudentsrelyontheirparentsforsuccess.Asian-Americanswouldbeathreattootherminorities.AmericanacademicachievementshavetakenontoostrongatAsiancharacter.20.Theauthor'stoneinthispassageis.A.sympatheticB.doubtfulC.criticalD.objectiveassage1Mrs.Lesterkeptonaskingherhusbandtotakehertotheballet.Mr.Lesterhatestheballet,butwhenhisemployerinvitedhimandhiswife,hecouldnotgetoutofit.Astheydrovetothetheatrethatevening,thefoggotworseandworse.Thetrafficsloweddowntoawalkingpaceandalmoststopped.Whentheyeventuallygottothetheatre,theballetwasover.Mrs.Lestercouldnotworkouthowithadtakenthemsolongtogetthere,eventakingthefogintoaccount.Thetheatrewaswithinwalkingdistanceoftheirhouse.Ittookheralongtimetogetoverthedisappointment.Amonthlater,Mrs.Lesterfoundoutwhathadhappened.toldafriendofhisthathehadtakenwrongturningonpurpose.Thisfriendtoldhiswife,andthewifeimmediatelywentaroundtotellMrs.Lester.Thetwowomenbegantoplanarevenge.Oneday,whenMr.Lesterwasnotin,theybrokeintohisstudy,whichhealwayslocked.Hishobbywascollectingoldcoins.Mrs.Lesterhadalreadyworkedouthowmuchhiscollectionwasworth:$850!Theyweretakingsomecoinsoutofthecasewhentheyheardacarpullupoutsidethehouse.Mrs.Lesterquicklyswitchedthelightoff,andtheywaited,holdingtheirbreath.ThefrontdooropenedandMr.Lestercamein.Theyheardhimtakehiscoatoff.Hewalkedtowardsthestudydoorandopenedit.Therewasnochanceforthewomentogetawaywithoutbeingseen.Mr.Lesterswitchedthelightonandwasastoundedtoseehiswifestandingtherewithahandfulofvaluablecoins.Ittookbothhusbandandwifealongtimetogetoverthis.WhichofthefollowingiscorrectA.Mr.Lesterlikestowatchballet.B.Mrs.Lesterlikestowatchballet.C.BothofthemliketowatchballetD.Neitherofthemlikestowatchballet.Itwasquitewhentheydrovetothetheatre..A.rainyB.stormyC.cloudyD.foggyThetheaterisfromMr.andMrs.Lester's.A.anhour-drivingB.intheothersideofthecityC.verynearD.halfanhourofbicycleridingThewifeofMr.Lester'sfriendisa.A.socialworkerB.housecleanerC.babysitterD.gossipHowmanypersonsarementionedinthisstoryA.ThreeB.FourC.FiveD.Six.Passage2Themotorvehiclehaskilledanddisabledmorepeopleinitsbriefhistorythananybomborweaponeverinvented.Muchofthebloodonthestreetflowsessentiallyfromuncivilbehaviorofdriverswhorefusetorespectthelegalandmoralrightsofothers.Sothemassacreontheroadmayberegardedasasocialproblem.Infact,theenemiesofsocietyonwheelsareratherharmlesspeoplejustordinarypeopleactingcarelessly,youmightsay.Butitisaprinciplebothoflawandcommonmoralitythatcarelessnessisnoexcusewhenone'sactionscouldbringdeathordamagetoothers.Aminorityofthekillersgoevenbeyondcarelessnesstototalnegligence.Researchershaveestimatedthatasmanyas80percentofallautomobileaccidentscanbeattributedtothepsychologicalconditionofthedriver.Emotionalupsetscandistortdrivers'reactions,slowtheirjudgement,andblindthemtodangersthatmightotherwisebeevident.Theexpertswarnthatitisvitalforeverydrivertomakeaconsciousefforttokeepone'semotionsundercontrol.Yettheirresponsibilitythataccountsformuchoftheproblemisnotconfinedtodrivers.Streetwalkersregularlyviolatetrafficregulations,theyareatfaultinmostvehiclewalkeraccidents;andmanycyclistsevenbelievethattheyarenotsubjecttothebasicrulesoftheroad.Significantlegaladvanceshavebeenmadetowardssaferdrivinginthepastfewyears.Safetystandardsforvehiclehavebeenraisedbothatthepointofmanufactureandthroughperiodicroad-worthinessinspections.Inaddition,speedlimitshavebeenlowered.Duetothesemeasures,theaccidentratehasdecreased.Buttheaccidentexpertsstillworrybecausetherehasbeenlittleornoimprovementinthewaydriversbehave.Theonlyrealandlastingsolution,saytheexperts,istoconvincepeoplethatdrivingisaskilledtaskrequiringconstantcareandconcentration.Thosewhofailtodoallthesethingspresentathreattothosewithwhomtheysharetheroad.Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthepassageA.Toshowthatthemotorvehicleisaverydangerousinvention.B.Topromoteunderstandingbetweencarelessdriversandstreetwalkers.C.Todiscusstrafficproblemsandproposepossiblesolutions.D.Towarndriversoftheimportanceofsafedriving.Accordingtothepassage,trafficaccidentsmayberegardedasasocialproblembecause.autoshavebecomemostdestructivetomankindpeopleusuallypaylittleattentiontolawandmoralitycivilizationbringsmuchharmtopeopleD.thelackofvirtueisbecomingmoresevereWhydoestheauthormentionthepsychologicalconditionofthedriverinParagraphThreeTogiveanexampleofthevariousreasonsforroadaccidents.Toshowhowimportantitisfordriverstobeemotionallyhealthy.Toshowsomeoftheinaccurateestimationsbyresearchers.Toillustratethehiddentensionsinthecourseofdriving.WhoareNOTmentionedasbeingresponsiblefortheroadaccidentsA.Carelessbicycle-riders.B.Mindlesspeoplewalkinginthestreet.C.Irresponsibledrivers.D.Irresponsiblemanufacturesofautomobiles.Whichofthefollowingbestreflectstheauthor'sattitudetowardafuturewithouttrafficaccidentproblemsA.DoubtfulyetstilllongingforB.HappyandratherconfidentC.SurprisedandverypleasedD.DisappointedanddeeplyworriedPassage3Intheearlydaysofnuclearpower,theUnitedStatesmademoneyonit.Buttodayopponentshavesocomplicateditsdevelopmentthatnonuclearplantshavebeenorderedorbuiltherein12years.Thegreatestfearofnuclearpoweropponentshasalwaysbeenareactor“meltdown”.Today,thechancesofameltdownthatwouldthreaten.publichealtharetestingnewreactorsthatrelynotonhumanjudgmenttoshutthemdownbutonthelawsofnature.NowGeneralElectricisalreadybuildingtwoadvancedreactorsinJapan.Butdon'texpectthemevenon.shoresunlessthingschangeinWashington.Theprocedureforlicensingnuclearpowerplantsisabaddream.Anytimeduring,orevenafter,construction,anobjectionbyanygrouporindividualcanbringeverythingtoahaltwhilethematterisinvestigatedortakentocourt.Meanwhile,thebuildermustaddnicebutnotnecessaryimprovements,someofwhichforcehimtoknockdownwallsandstartover.Ineverycasewhenaplanthasbeenopposed,theNuclearRegulationCommissionhasultimatelygrantedalicensetoconstructoroperate.Butthevictoryoftencostssomuchthattheutilityendsupabandoningtheplantanyway.AcaseinpointistheShorehamplantonNewYork'sLongIsland.ShorehamwasavirtualtwintotheMillstoneplantinConnecticut,bothorderedinthemid60s'.Millstone,completefor$101million,hasbeengeneratingelectricityfortwodecades.Shoreham,however,wassingledoutbyantinuclearactivistswho,bysendinginendlessprotests,drovethecostover$5billionanddelayeditsuseformanyyears.Shorehamfinallywonitsoperationlicense.Buttheplanthasneverproducedawattpower.GovernorMarioCuomo,anopponentofaShoreharnstartup,usedhispowertoforceNewYork'spublicutilitiescommissiontoacceptthefollowingsettlement:thepowercompanycouldpassthecostofShorehamalongtoitsconsumersonlyifitagreednottooperatetheplant.Today,aperfectlygoodfacility,capableofservicinghundredsofthousandsofhomes,sitsrusting.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsthedevelopmentofnuclearpoweris.A.negativeB.neutralC.positiveD.questioningWhathasmadetheprocedureforlicensingnuclearplantsabaddreamTheinefficiencyoftheNuclearRegulationCommission.Theenormouscostofconstructionandoperation.Thelengthoftimeittakestomakeinvestigations.Theobjectionoftheopponentsofnuclearpower.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that.therearenotenoughsafetymeasuresinthe.forrunningnewnuclearpowerplantsitisnottechnicaldifficultiesthatpreventthebuildingofnuclearpowerplantsinthe.therearealreadymorenuclearpowerplantsthannecessaryinthe.theAmericangovernmentwillnotallowJapanesenuclearreactorstobeinstalledinthe.GovernorMarioCuomo'schiefintentioninproposingthesettlementwasto.A.stoptheShorehamplantfromgoingintooperationB.urgethepowercompanytofurtherincreaseitspowersupplyC.permittheShorehamplanttooperateundercertainconditionsD.helpthepowercompanytosolveitsfinancialproblemsFromwhichsentenceofthearticlecanyouseetheattitudeoftheauthorandthatofGovenorMarioCuomorespectivelyA.the2ndsentenceinthefristparagraph,the3rdsentenceinthelastparagraph.B.thelastsentence,thelastsentencebutoneC.thelastsentencein,lastsentencebutone.D.thelastsentenceinpara3,the3rdsentenceinthefifthparagraph.Passage4Doesabeeknowwhatisgoingoninitsmindwhenitnavigatesitswaytodistantfoodsourcesandbacktothehive（蜂房），usingpolarizedsunlightandthetinymagnetitcarriesasanavigationalaidOristhebeejustamachine,unabletodoitsmathematicsanddanceitslanguageinanyotherwayTouseDondaldGriffin'sterm,doesabeehave“awareness",ortouseaphraseIlikebetter,canabeethinkandimagineThereisanexperimentforthis,oratleastanobservation,madelongagobyKarlvonFirschandmorerecentlyconfirmedbyJamesGouldinPrinceton.Biologistswhowishtostudysuchthingsasbeenavigation,language,andbehavioringeneralhavetotraintheirbeestoflyfromthehivetooneoranotherspecialplace.Todothis,theybeginbyplacingasourceofsugarveryclosetothehivesothatthebees（consideredbytheirtrainerstobeverydumbbeasts）canlearnwhatthegameisabout.Then,atregularinterval,thedishorwhateverismovedprogressivelyfartherandfartherfromthehive,inincrements（增力口量）ofabout25percentateachmove.Eventually,thetargetisbeingmoved100feetormoreatajump,veryfarfromthehive.Soonerorlater,whilethisprocessisgoingon,thebiologistshiftingthedishofsugarwillfindthebeesareouttherewaitingforthem,preciselywherethenextpositionhadbeenplanned.Thisisanuncomfortableobservationtomake.Thebesttitleforthepassageis.A.TeachingtheBeestoNavigateB.TestingtheAwarenessofBeesC.NavigationalTechniquesofBeesD.BehavioristsVersusBiologists:AZoologicalDebateTheword“awareness"inparagraph1appearsinquotationmarksinorderto.A.showtheauthor'spreferenceforthetermB.indicatethatitisbeingusedhumorouslyC.acknowledgeDonaldGriffin'sprevioususeofthetermD.pointoutthatitwasuseddifferentlyearlierinthepassageInthesecondparagraphKarlvonFrischismentioned.A.tointroducehisobservationonbeebehaviortocontrasthistheorieswiththoseofJamesGouldacknowledgeDonaldGriffin'sprevioususeofthetermD.pointoutthatitwasuseddifferentlyearlierinthepassage19.Accordingtotheauthor,sugarwasusedinthestudy.torewardthebeesforperformingtheexperimentcorrectlytotrainthebeestotraveltoaparticularplacetoensurethatthebeesknewwherethehivewastoensurethatthebeeswouldobeytheorders20.Theresultoftheexperimentexplainedinthepassageseemstoindicatethat.A.researchusingbeesistoodangeroustobeconductedsuccessfullybeesareunabletonavigatebeyond100feettheirhiveC.scientistscanteachbeestonavigateD.beesareabletoperformlimitedreasoningtasksssage1DavidThomsonisanelectronicstechnician,trainedbythe.Navy,wristissurroundedbyaforcefieldthatcanbroadcastemotionstootherhumanbeings.Theabilitytoreceivesuchforcefields,Thomsonbelieves,explainshowonecansenseanother'sfear,nervousness,aggression,panic,orfriendliness.ThistheoryofemotionalcommunicationoccurredtoThomsonwhenhetoldapsychiatrist（精神病醫(yī)生）,Dr.JackWard,thathewascertainhisownhypertension（高血壓，過度緊張）madethosenearhimuncomfortable.Todemonstratethetheory,Thomsonconstructedatransmittercapableofgeneratinganelectromagneticfieldsimilartothatofamanbesetbyhyperanxiety（過度焦慮）.Forayear,withthisinhispocket,Thomsonmadepeoplemiserable.Hewouldfindahungrymandelightedlypreparingtoeatasteakinarestaurant,turnonthetransmitter,andwatchasthemanbecametenseandirritableandfinallyleftwithhissteakuneaten.Inanothertest,Thomsonclearedacrowdedroominfifteenminutes.Suchanexodus（出去）couldnotbedue,Thomsonobserved,topersonalityproblemsalone.Dr.Ward,whohadbecomeThomson'spartner,insistedthattherewasalreadymiseryenoughinthefashioneda"happinesstransmitter,"whichcanduplicatetheforcefieldofacontentedman.UniversitypsychologistsintheUnitedStatesreportsomeencouragingresultsincurrenttestsoftheThomson-and-Wardtransmitter.The"happinessmachine"hasmanypossibilities.Thomsonhasspeculatedonitsuseneardisturbedoranxiouspatientsinhospitals,andinunrulycrowds.Tranquility（平靜），likepanicandviolence,maybecontagions（傳染性的）.Thetheoryisbasedonbeliefintheexistenceof.equipmentB.individualforcefieldsC.nervousness2.ThetheoryoccurredtoThomsonbecausehewasconvincedthatpeoplenearhim.hypnotizehimB.couldmakehimfeeluncomfortablewerereadinghisthoughtsDwereaffectedbyhishypertension3.Forhisfirstdemonstrations,Thomsonchosepeoplewho.inahappymoodB.seemedhyperanxiousC.wereaggressiveBandC4.TheThomson-and-Wardtransmitterwasconstructedbecause.psychologistssuggesteditB.the"miserymachine"hadnotworkedC.Dr.Wardfelttherewasmiseryenoughforcesaskedforit5.Thomsonhasspeculatedon.helpfulusesofa"happinessmachine"possiblewrongfulusesofa"happinessmachine"thedisadvantagesofatranquilpopulationfinalreportonthepsychologists'testsPassage2Just30yearsagosome700millionpeoplelivedincities.Todaythenumberstandsat1,800million,andbytheendofthecenturyitwillto3,000million—morethanhalftheworld'sestimatedpopulation.Bytheyear2000anestimated650millionpeoplewillcrowdinto60citiesoffivemillionormore—threequartersoftheminthedevelopingworlasingleFirstWorldcity—metropolitanTokyo,whichwillhave24millionpeople—isexpectedtobeamongtheglobaltopfive;London,rankedsecondin1950withtenmillionpeople,willnotevenmake2000'stopplaceswhereratesofnaturalpopulationincreaseexceedthreepercentannually—meaningmuchoftheThirdWorld—thataloneisenoughtodoubleacity'spopulationwithin20years.Butequallypowerfularet