深井軟巖交岔巷道支護(hù)技術(shù)研究及工程應(yīng)用

深井軟巖交岔巷道支護(hù)技術(shù)研究及工程應(yīng)用摘要：

深井軟巖交岔巷道支護(hù)技術(shù)是當(dāng)前礦山建設(shè)中普遍存在的技術(shù)難題，本文通過在現(xiàn)場實測和數(shù)值模擬的基礎(chǔ)上，探討了深井軟巖交岔巷道的圍巖特征、失穩(wěn)機(jī)理及支護(hù)策略，在實踐中提出了一種可行的支護(hù)技術(shù)方案，并對該方案進(jìn)行了現(xiàn)場應(yīng)用，取得了良好的支護(hù)效果。具體的分析工作包括：圍巖類別的劃分、變形模式的分析、圍巖失穩(wěn)機(jī)理的探究、支護(hù)材料的選擇及支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計等。研究表明，有效的深井軟巖交岔巷道支護(hù)技術(shù)方案不僅需要充分考慮漸進(jìn)失穩(wěn)過程中圍巖塑性變形的特征，而且要注意在支護(hù)過程中避免由于支護(hù)體與軟巖之間產(chǎn)生的移位及滑動現(xiàn)象帶來的支護(hù)失效問題。

關(guān)鍵詞：深井軟巖交岔巷道，圍巖特征，失穩(wěn)機(jī)理，支護(hù)策略，支護(hù)效果

Abstract:

Thesupporttechnologyofdeepsoftrockintersectionroadwayisacommontechnicalproblemincurrentmineconstruction.Basedonfieldmeasurementandnumericalsimulation,thispaperexplorestherockcharacteristics,instabilitymechanismandsupportstrategyofdeepsoftrockintersectionroadway,proposesafeasiblesupporttechnologysolutioninpractice,andconductson-siteapplications,achievinggoodsupporteffect.Thespecificanalysisworkincludestheclassificationofrocktypes,analysisofdeformationmodes,explorationofrockinstabilitymechanisms,selectionofsupportmaterialsanddesignofsupportstructures.Thestudyshowsthataneffectivesupporttechnologysolutionfordeepsoftrockintersectionroadwaynotonlyneedstofullyconsiderthecharacteristicsofrockplasticdeformationinthegradualinstabilityprocess,butalsoneedstopayattentiontoavoidsupportfailureproblemscausedbydisplacementandslidingbetweenthesupportbodyandthesoftrockduringthesupportprocess.

Keywords:deepsoftrockintersectionroadway,rockcharacteristics,instabilitymechanism,supportstrategy,supporteffectDeepsoftrockintersectionroadwayisatypicalgeologicalhazardinundergroundminingengineering,whichismainlyaffectedbythecharacteristicsofsoftrockandtheinstabilitymechanismofrock.Softrockhaslowstrength,strongplasticdeformation,andeasytocausecreepdeformation,whichmakesitdifficulttosupporttheroadwayandeasytocauseroadwaycollapse.Therefore,itisnecessarytocarryoutacomprehensiveanalysisofthegeologicalconditionsandtherockengineeringcharacteristicsbeforedesigningthesupporttechnologysolution.

Firstly,thecharacteristicsofsoftrockshouldbefullyunderstood.Thedeformationpropertiesofsoftrockareverycomplex,whichareaffectedbyvariousfactorssuchasstress,timeanddisplacement.Thesoftrockwillshowplasticdeformation,constantdeformation,andevendiscontinuitydeformationundertheactionoflong-termminingpressure.Therefore,inthedesignofthesupportscheme,thedeformationcharacteristicsofsoftrockshouldbefullyconsidered,andthesupportformandmethodshouldbeselectedaccordingtothespecificconditions.

Secondly,theinstabilitymechanismofthesoftrockshouldbeanalyzed.Theinstabilitymechanismofsoftrockmainlyincludessqueezingdeformation,slidingdeformation,anddissolvingdeformation.Squeezingdeformationismainlycausedbytheimpactofminingstressandisthemostcommondeformationform.Slidingdeformationismainlycausedbytheinabilityofthesupportstructuretoresistthelateraldeformationofthesoftrock,resultinginslidingbetweenthesupportbodyandtherock,whichleadstothefailureofsupport.Dissolvingdeformationismainlycausedbythedissolutionanddestructionofthesoftrockbywateroracid,resultinginadecreaseinthemechanicalpropertiesoftherockandtheinstabilityoftheroadway.Therefore,thesupportschemeshouldbeselectedaccordingtotheinstabilitymechanismofthesoftrock,andcertainmeasuresshouldbetakentopreventtheoccurrenceofinstabilityandfailure.

Finally,thesupporttechnologysolutionshouldbedesignedaccordingtothespecificgeologicalconditions.Thesupportingschemeshouldbeselectedaccordingtothedirectionofroadwayexcavation,thelithologyandphysicalpropertiesofthesoftrock,theminingmethod,andthesizeoftheminingarea.Commonsupportmethodsincludebolting,shotcreting,grouting,andanchor-cablesupport.Thesupporteffectshouldbeevaluatedinreal-timeduringtheconstructionoftheroadway,andappropriatemeasuresshouldbetakentoadjustthesupportschemeintimetoensurethesafetyoftheroadway.

Inconclusion,thesupporttechnologysolutionfordeepsoftrockintersectionroadwayshouldfullyconsiderthecharacteristicsofrockplasticdeformationinthegradualinstabilityprocess,andpayattentiontoavoidingsupportfailureproblemscausedbydisplacementandslidingbetweenthesupportbodyandthesoftrockduringthesupportprocess.Throughacomprehensiveanalysisofthegeologicalconditions,rockengineeringcharacteristics,andsupporttechnologysolutions,aneffectivesupportschemecanbedesignedtoensurethesafeandstableoperationoftheroadwayOneofthekeychallengesinprovidingeffectiveandreliablesupportforroadwaysystemsinsoftrockformationsisthepotentialforplasticdeformationintherock.Thisphenomenoncanoccurwhenthestresslevelsontherockexceeditsyieldstrength,causingittodeformwithoutfracturing.Thespecificcharacteristicsofthisdeformationwilldependonfactorssuchasthetypeofrockandthedirectionandmagnitudeofthestress.

Onecommontypeofplasticdeformationisknownasductiledeformation,inwhichtherockgraduallydeformsovertimeundersustainedpressure.Thiscanbeasignificantprobleminundergroundminingoperations,asexcessivedeformationcanleadtoinstabilityintherockmassandpotentialcollapseoftheroadway.Inordertomitigatetheserisks,itisimportanttounderstandandanticipatethepotentialforplasticdeformationandincorporateappropriatesupportmeasuresinthedesignoftheroadway.

Onekeychallengeindesigningeffectivesupportsystemsforsoftrockformationsisthepotentialfordisplacementandslidingbetweenthesupportstructureandthesurroundingrock,whichcancompromisetheintegrityofthesupportandincreasetheriskoffailure.Toaddressthisproblem,engineersmustcarefullyconsiderthespecificcharacteristicsoftherockandthesupportstructureandimplementappropriatemeasurestopreventdisplacementandensurereliableperformanceoverthelongterm.

Effectivesupportsolutionsforsoftrockformationscanincludearangeoftechniques,rangingfromtraditionalboltingandshotcretesystemstomoreadvancedcompositematerialsandmechanicalanchors.Thespecificapproachwilldependonarangeoffactors,includingthegeologicalconditions,thesizeandshapeoftheroadway,andtheavailableresourcesandexpertise.

Ultimately,thekeytoeffectivesupportinsoftrockformationsistoapproachthechallengewithacomprehensiveandintegratedperspective,incorporatingdetailedanalysisofthegeologicalandengineeringfactorsinvolvedandleveragingthefullrangeofavailabletechnologiesandexpertisetodesignacustomizedsolutionthatmaximizessafety,stability,andreliabilityforthelongterm.Withcarefulplanningandimplementation,itispossibletoachievereliableandeffectiveperformanceineventhemostchallengingsoftrockenvironmentsAnotherkeyfactorinsuccessfullyovercomingthechallengesofsoftrockenvironmentsisongoingmonitoringandmaintenance.Eventhemostwell-designedandexecutedsolutionswillrequireregularattentionandupkeepinordertoensurecontinuedstabilityandeffectiveness.Thismayinvolveregularinspectionsandassessmentsofthesiteandsurroundingarea,aswellasongoingmaintenanceandrepairofinfrastructureandequipment.

Effectivemonitoringalsoinvolvesutilizingthelatesttechnologyandtechniquestocollectandanalyzedataontheperformanceofthesolutionanditssurroundingecosystem.Thismayincluderemotemonitoringandsensingequipment,aswellason-sitemeasurementandmonitoringtools.Bycloselytrackingperformanceanddetectingpotentialissuesearlyon,engineersandoperatorscanquicklyimplementcorrectiveactiontopreventmoreseriousproblemsfromdeveloping.

Overall,overcomingthechallengesposedbysoftrockenvironmentsrequiresaholisticapproachthatcombinesdetailedanalysis,customizeddesign,ongoingmonitorin