高中英語八大時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)及習(xí)題文檔

(完滿word版)高中英語八大時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)及習(xí)題,文檔(完滿word版)高中英語八大時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)及習(xí)題,文檔(完滿word版)高中英語八大時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)及習(xí)題,文檔高中英八大全套精英共有十六種，其表形式以下(以study例)：一般行達(dá)成達(dá)成行在studybestudyinghavestudiedhavebeenstudying去studiedbestudyinghadstudiedhadbeenstudying將來willstudywillbestudyingwillhavestudiedwillhavebeenstudying去將來wouldstudywouldbewouldhavestudiedwouldhavebeenstudyingstudying.1一般在的用法1)常性或性的作，常與表示腮度的狀用。狀：every?,sometimes,at?,onSundayIleavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.客真理，客存在，科學(xué)事。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.表示格言或警語中。Pridegoesbeforeafall.者必。注意：此用法若是出在從句中，即便主句是去，從句也要用一般在。例：Columbusprovedthattheearthisround..在刻的狀、能力、性格、個(gè)性。Idon'twantsomuch.AnnWangwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell.比：NowIputthesugarinthecup.Iamdoingmyhomeworknow.第一句用一般在，用于操作演示或指明的示范性作，表示言行的瞬作。再如：Nowwatchme,Iswitchonthecurrentandstandback.第二句中的now是行的志，表示正行家的作的客情況，所此后句用一般在。二.組成及化1、be的化必然句：主+be(am,is,are)+其他。如：Iamaboy.我是一個(gè)男孩。否認(rèn)句：主+be+not+其他。如：Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。一般疑句：Be+主+其他。如：-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,I'mnot.特別疑句：疑+一般疑句。如：Whereismybike?2、行的化當(dāng)主第一，二人稱及復(fù)數(shù)，助do必然句：主+原形(+其他)。如：Weoftenplaybasketballafterschool.否認(rèn)句：主+don't+原形(+其他)。如：wedon’tplaybasketballafterschool.一般疑句：Do+主+原形+其他?如：Doyouoftenplaybasketballafterschooll?Yes,wedo./No,wedon't.特別疑句：疑+以do開的一般疑句?如：Whatdoyouoftendoafterschool?當(dāng)主第三人稱數(shù),助does必然句：主+三式(+其他)。如：Heswimswell.1否認(rèn)句：主+doesn’t+原形(+其他)。如：Hedoesn’tswimwell..一般疑句：Does+主+原形+其他。如：Doesheswimwell?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn't.特別疑句：疑+以does開的一般疑句?如：Howdoesyourfathergotowork?三、第三人稱數(shù)的化(只有在第三人稱主的必然句中，才用三式)多半直接加s:runsgetslikescolletstakesplaysclimbs??.尾是s,x,sh,ch,o,前音字母,尾加es:watchesteachesgoesdoeswashescrossesmixesbrushes尾端y前音:將y改i加es:study→studiesfly→fliescarry→carriescry→cries但在y前若是元音直接加s:buyssays2一般去的用法1）在確定的去里所生的作或存在的狀。狀有：yesterday,anhourago,theotherday,in1982yesterdaymorning(afternoon,evening?)lastnight(week,month,year?),amomentago,aweekago,threeyearsago?justnow,等。Wheredidyougojustnow?表示去性作。特是由would/usedtodo表達(dá)的句型，自己表示的就是去。例：Theoldmanwouldsitonabenchinthequietparkandlookatothersforhourswithoutdoinganythingortalkingtoanybody.（老人去經(jīng)常坐在沉寂的公園里的一條椅上，看著其他的人，一坐就是數(shù)個(gè)小，什么也不干，也不和任何人交。）Heusedtovisithismotheronceaweek.（他從前是每周看望一次他的母。）有可代替一般在，表達(dá)一種婉、客氣、禮貌、商討的氣。情could,would.例：IwantedtoaskyouifIcouldborrowyourcar?（我想向您借用一用，能夠？）Wouldyoumindmysittinghere?（您介懷我坐在里？）典型例----Yourphonenumberagain?I___quitecatchit.----It's69568442.A.didn'tB.couldn'tC.don'tD.can't答案A.本句沒有明確的狀，但從意上看出，在聽的候沒有聽懂個(gè)作生在去，因此用去。二、組成及化1.Be在一般去中的化：am和is在一般去中was。(wasnot=wasn’t)are在一般去中were。(werenot=weren’t)有was或were的句子，其否認(rèn)、疑的化和is,am,are一，即否認(rèn)句在was或were后加not，一般疑句把was或were到句首。2.行在一般去中的化：必然句：主+的去式.2IwatchedafilmlastSunday.否認(rèn)句：主語+didn’t+動(dòng)詞原形.Ididn’twatchafilmlastSunday.一般疑問句：Did+主語+動(dòng)詞原形?DidyouwatchafilmlastSunday?Yes,Idid.No,Ididn’t.特別疑問句：疑問詞+以did開頭的一般疑問句?WhatdidyoudolastSunday?3、此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)(bedoing)一、意義——當(dāng)表示此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或正在發(fā)生的事。時(shí)間標(biāo)志——now，句前的look,listen二、組成:be(am,is,are)+動(dòng)詞此刻分詞-ing形式必然句：主語+be+此刻分詞V-ing(+其他)I’mdoingmyhomeworknow.否認(rèn)句：主語+be+not+動(dòng)詞-ing+其他.I’mnotdoingmyhomeworknow.一般疑問句：Be+主語+動(dòng)詞-ing+其他?Areyoudoingyourhomeworknow?Yes,Iam.No,I’mnot.特別疑問句：特別疑問詞+be+主語+動(dòng)詞-ing+其他?Whatareyoudoingnow?三、此刻分詞的組成：(1)一般在動(dòng)詞尾端直接加ing,以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去掉e,再加ing，skate→skatingmake→makingdance→dancingwrite→writinghave→havingride→ridingcome→coming以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，中間只有一個(gè)元音字母，詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，應(yīng)雙寫尾端的輔音字母，再加ing,如：puttingrunningbeginningstoppingswimmingshoppingjoggingsittinggettingforgettingletting四、此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法：a.表示此刻(指說話人說話時(shí))正在發(fā)生的事情。Wearewaitingforyou.習(xí)慣進(jìn)行：表示長久的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.(說話時(shí)并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。)表示計(jì)劃或安排好了的將來動(dòng)作，常與一個(gè)表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用MikeiscominghomeonThursday.邁克星期四回來與always,constantly,forever,often等詞連用，表示頻頻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或連續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，經(jīng)常帶有說話人的主觀色彩。Youarealwayschangingyourmind.典型例題Mydictionary___,Ihavelookedforiteverywherebutstill___it.A.haslost,don'tfindB.ismissing,don'tfindC.haslost,haven'tfoundD.ismissing,haven'tfound.34過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(was/weredoing)1）見解：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，或表示過去某一階段素來在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作2）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要用法是描繪一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個(gè)長動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。常用的時(shí)間狀語thismorning,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening,when,whileItwasrainingwhentheyleftthestation.WhenIgottothetopofthemountain,thesunwasshining.典型例題1)Mary___adresswhenshecutherfinger.A.madeB.ismakingC.wasmakingD.makes2)Asshe___thenewspaper,Granny___asleep.read；wasfallingB.wasreading；fellC.wasreading；wasfallingD.read；fell一、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)造：was/were+動(dòng)詞的此刻分詞否認(rèn)句則在was/were后加一個(gè)not,疑問句將was/were提早則可。如：Hewasreadingabookat5:00pmyesterday.→Hewasnotreadingabookat5:00yesterday.→Washereadingabookat5:00yesterday?(Yes,hewas./No,hewasn’t.)→Whatwashedoingat5:00yesterday?二、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)用法：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常和表示過去的狀語連用。如：（just）then那時(shí)，當(dāng)時(shí)atthis/thattime在這/那時(shí)yesterdayafternoon昨天下午atnine在九點(diǎn)lastnight昨晚（at）thistimeyesterday在昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候但在很多情況下，沒有表示時(shí)間的狀語，這時(shí)需要經(jīng)過上下文來表示。①Whatwereyoudoingatninelastnight?昨晚九點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，你在做什么？②IwaswatchingTVathomeyesterdayafternoon.我昨天下午正在家里看電視。③Theywereplayingfootballatthistimeyesterday.昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候他們在踢足球。2.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)也能夠表示過去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常與thosedays,thewholemorning,from8:00to12:00lastnight等時(shí)間狀語連用。1）From1983to1998,hewasteachingatYale.從1983到1998年，他正在耶魯大學(xué)教書。2）Theywerebuildingabridgelastwinter.昨年冬天他們正在造一座橋。Hewaswritingabookthosedays.那幾天他正在寫一本書3.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與頻度副詞alwaysforever，continually，constantly等連用時(shí)表示過去經(jīng)常頻頻的動(dòng)作，經(jīng)常帶有埋怨、厭煩、贊美或喜愛等情緒。⑴Mysisterwasalwaysforgettingthings.(表示埋怨)⑵Hewasalwayshelpingothers.(表示贊美)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)能夠表示將來的動(dòng)作，同樣，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)也能夠表示從過去某時(shí)看來將要發(fā)4生的作，常用在接引中。①Sheaskedhimifhewascomingbackforlunch.她他午可否準(zhǔn)回來吃。5、去行和一般去的區(qū)。1）去行表示去某正行家的作，而一般去表示一個(gè)達(dá)成的作。也就是用一般去，只表示有件事；用去行，作的性。①Iwrotealetterthismorning.今天上午我寫了一封信。（信寫完了）Iwaswritingaletterthismorning.今天上午我在寫一封信。（信不用然寫完）(2)表示去的狀、感及心理活的靜(如be，like，love，hate，fear，own，hear，see，know，want，notice)可用于一般去，但平常不用于行。如：Ihateditwhenamanspokewithhismouthfulloffood.我人口里含著食品。一般去與always，constantly，forever，continually等用，表示“去常性、性的作”;而去行與always，constantly，forever，continually等用，表示作的重復(fù)，常有感情色彩。如：Healwaysgotupatsix.他去是六點(diǎn)起床。Hewasalwaysthinkingofhiswork.他是一心想到工作。下面幾種情況不用一般去而要用去行：(1).表示去某一段性的作。如：Tomwasgettingupatsixo’clockeverydaythatweek.姆那一周里每日都是六點(diǎn)起床。(2).與always用表示美，等感情色彩。如：Johnwasalwayscomingtoschoollate.翰上學(xué)是到。LeiFengwasalwaysdoinggooddeedsforthepeople.雷是人民做好事。(4)when作并列，表示“( )突然”之意，第一個(gè)并列分句用去行，when引的并列分句用一般去。如：IwastakingawalkwhenImethim.我正在閑步，突然遇了他。Wewereplayingoutsidewhenitbegantorain.我正在外玩，下起雨來了。(5)go,come,leave,start,arrive等可用去行表示去將來的含。如：IwasleavingforWuhanthatday.那天我正要去武。Shewascominglater.她隨后就來。三、when,while的用法when和while與去行有著親密的關(guān)系，他作隸屬都有“當(dāng)??.候”之意，用法稍有不同樣：when引的狀從句的能夠是短性，也能夠是延性，而while引的狀從句中的只能是延性。when引的從句若是是短性用一般去，主句是延性用去行，從句作生在主句作的段之內(nèi)（作用去行，短作用一般去）；若是主句和從句兩個(gè)都是延性所實(shí)用去行,when和while都能夠用。③when從句的能夠在主句作從前、此后或同生；while和as從句的作必是和主句作同生。④when和while兩個(gè)能夠用作并列，但意思不同樣，when相當(dāng)于“在那”，等于atthattime或justthen;而while相當(dāng)于“而；卻；可是”；相當(dāng)于but,表示比關(guān)系。（一點(diǎn)能夠不掌握）eg.⑴Iwasplayingcomputergameswhenmyfathergothome.when+短/延=Whenmyfathergothome,Iwasplayingcomputergames.while+延5Motherwascookingwhen/whileIwasdoingmyhomework.When/WhileIwasdoingmyhomework,motherwascooking.去行堅(jiān)固：（明的你必然能全部做）1．Simon_____________(make)amodelplaneat8:00a.m.2．Peter______________(do)hishomeworkatsevenlastnight.3．They____________(watch)afootballmatchfrom7:00to9:00lastnight.4．He_____________(try)todrawaplaneontheblackboardatthattime.5．Whatbook________you____________(read)whenI________(see)youatfouryesterdayafternoon?6．Whileshe__________(watch)TV,herson____________(play)outsidetheroom.7．It________(begin)torainwhilewe_____________(work)inthefield.8．I________(do)myhomeworklastnightwhenthelight_______(go)out.{goout意熄}9．——Isawyouinthereadingroomyesterday,Tom.Whatwereyoudoing?------Oh,I____________(read)somebooksonscience.10.Girls___________(dance)whileboys____________(sing)attheparty.11.---DidyouseeTimjustnow?---Yes.He__________(fish)bytheriver.12.Whentheteacher______(come)intotheclassroom,thestudents__________（laugh）loudly.5一般將來一、意：表示將來某個(gè)要生的作或存在的狀，也表示將來?；蛑貜?fù)生的作。志：tomorrow,soon,nextMonday,nextyear,nextweekend,thisafternoon,thisevening??二.組成及化：一般將來常用的兩種構(gòu)begoingto+原形:表示打算、準(zhǔn)做的事或立刻生或必然要生的事。shall/will+原形:表示將要生的作或情況，沒有太多的劃性,用來表表示愿begoingto+原形㈠必然句主+be(am/,is,/are)goingto+原形+其他成份MysisterisgoingtolearnEnglishnextyear.我姐姐準(zhǔn)明年學(xué)英。㈡否認(rèn)句主+be(am/is/are)notgoingto+原形+其他成份Iamnotgoingto(goto)thecinematonight.我今天夜晚不打算去看影。㈢一般疑句Be(am/is/are)+主+goingto+原型+其他成份??Isyourfathergoingtoplaybasketballwithyou?你父打算和你去打球?No,heisn’t.不。㈣.特別疑句特別疑(Wh-)+一般疑句?WhereareyougoingtospendSpringFesital.?春你打算在哪?.注意:begoingto構(gòu)后邊上不跟go，come等表位移的，一般用的行形式表示。如:He’sgoingtoNewYorknextweek.下周他要去..will/shall+原形(在面中，主是第一人稱，常用shall,在口中，全部人稱都能夠用will)1.必然句主+will/shall+原形+其他成份6(shall)writetohimnextweek.下周我將他寫信。2.否認(rèn)句主+will/shall+not+原形+其他成份Theywon’twatchTVthisevening.今天夜晚他不看。3.一般疑句will/shall+主+原形+其他成份Willyoustayathomewithustomorrow?明天你和我呆在家里好?4.特別疑句特別疑(Wh-)+一般疑句Whenwillyourfatherbeback?你爸爸什么侯回來?三、附:ShallI/we?常用來征采方意，而方可否愿意，或許表示客氣的邀，常用Willyou??他的回答比靈便。1.Shallwegotothepark?必然Sure,let’sgo.否認(rèn)No,let’sgotothecinema.2.Willyoupleasecometomybirthdaypartynextweek?必然Yes,Iwill./Sure.否認(rèn)I’msorry.I’mafraidIcan’t.四、志：tomorrow,soon,nextMonday,nextyear,nextweekend,thisafternoon,thisevening??shall用于第一人稱，常被will所代替。will在述句中用于各人稱，在爭求意常用于第二人稱。WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst.Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?begoingto+不定式，表示將來。a.主的意，立刻做某事。Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?劃，安排要生的事。Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth。有跡象要生的事Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.be+不定式表將來，按劃或正式安排將生的事。WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.beaboutto+不定式，意上做某事。HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.注意：beaboutto不能夠與tomorrow,nextweek等表示明確將來的狀用。5begoingto/will用于條件句，begoingto表將來will表意向Ifyouaregoingtomakeajourney,you'dbettergetreadyforitassoonaspossible.Nowifyouwilltakeoffyourclothes,wewillfitthenewclothesonyouinfrontofthemirror6beto和begoingtobeto表示客安排或受人指示而做某事。begoingto表示主的打算或劃。Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.(客安排)I'mgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.(主安排).7一般在表將來1）以下：come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般在表將來。主要用來表7示在上已確定或安排好的事情。Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.Whendoesthebusstar?Itstarsintenminutes.2）倒裝句，表示作正行家，如：Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.3）在或條件句中。WhenBillcomes(不是willcome),askhimtowaitforme.I'llwritetoyouassoonasIarrivethere.4）在hope,takecarethat,makesurethat等后。Ihopetheyhaveanicetimenextweek.Makesurethatthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleavetheroom..8用行家表示將來意："意"、"打算"、"安排"、常用于人。常用come,go,start,arrive,leave,stay等。I'mleavingtomorrow.Areyoustayingheretillnextweek?6.過去將來時(shí)(woulddo)見解：立足于去某一刻，從去看將來，常用于從句中。2.狀：thenextday(morning,year?),thefollowingmonth(week?),etc.3.基本構(gòu)：was/were/goingto+do；would/should+do.4.否認(rèn)形式：was/were/not+goingto+do;would/should+not+do.5.一般疑句：was或were放于句首；would/should提到句首。例句：HesaidhewouldgotoBeijingthe去將出處“助would+原形”組成。would常略‘d。去將來的用法去將來表示去的某一看來將要生的作或存在的狀。去將來常用在從句中。如：Ididn'tknowifshewouldcome。WangLeisaidthatshewouldvisitherunclenextSaturday。去將來也能夠用“was(were)goingto+原形”來表示。如：Ididn'tknowifshewasgoingtocome。WangLeisaidthatshewasgoingtovisit7此刻達(dá)成時(shí)(have/hasdone)用法1：表示：去生或已達(dá)成的某一作在造成的影響或果。志：already,yet,just,ever,never,before用法2：表示：去已開始，持到在的作或狀。志：for,since,since?ago基本構(gòu)：助have/has+的去分(當(dāng)主是第三人稱數(shù)用has,其他人稱用have)1)必然式：主+have/has+去分2)否認(rèn)式：主+have/has+not+去分3)一般疑句：Have/Has+主+去分Yes,主+have/has.(必然)No,主+haven't/hasn't.(否認(rèn))84)特別疑問句：特別疑問詞+have/has+主語+過去分詞例句1.過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作到當(dāng)前為止這個(gè)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)達(dá)成或剛剛達(dá)成。如：1)Ihavefinishedmyhomework.我做完家庭作業(yè)了。(過去某時(shí)開始做，到此刻已達(dá)成)2)Hehasalreadycome他已經(jīng)來了。(過去某時(shí)開始走開某地到這來，此刻已在這。)2.表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去并連續(xù)到此刻。如：1)IhavestudiedEnglishforsixyears.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了六年英語了。(六年前開始學(xué)英語，素來學(xué)到此刻,也可能連續(xù)學(xué)也可能就此不學(xué)了。)2)IhavelivedinShenyangsince1990.我從1990年就在沈陽住。(從1990年開始住在沈陽素來住到此刻，也可能連續(xù)住也可能就此為止。)注意1)當(dāng)表示一段時(shí)間，此刻達(dá)成時(shí)能夠用for或since引導(dǎo)的狀語。比方：I’veknownLiLifor4years.我認(rèn)識麗麗已經(jīng)4年了。Ihaveworkedheresince8yearsago.自從8年前我就在這工作。注意2)當(dāng)在必然陳述句中含有already或just時(shí)，在變換成否認(rèn)句時(shí)，要把句中的already或just去掉，在句末加上yet.。比方：Ihavealreadyseenthefilm.------Ihaven’tseenthefilmyet.Hehasjustcome.Hehasn’tcomeyet?使用時(shí)注意事項(xiàng)1.“have/hasgot”形式上是一種達(dá)成時(shí)，但和have/has為同一意思“有”。如：Haveyougotpen-friends?Yes,Ihave.你有筆友嗎?是的，我有。Hashegotalotofworktodo?No,hehasn’t.他有很多工作要做嗎?不，他沒有。2.have/hasgoneto、have/hasbeento和have/hasbeenin的差異have/hasgoneto去了，在去某地的路上或在某地，人還未回來have/hasbeento從前往過，人已經(jīng)回來了have/hasbeenin已經(jīng)在，常與一段時(shí)間連用如：HehasbeentoShenyangbefore.他從前曾去過沈陽。HehasbeeninShenyangfortenyears.他在沈陽10年了。HashegonetoShenyang?他去沈陽了嗎?have/hasbeento常和once,twice,never,ever連用;have/hasgoneto則不能。比方:─HasTomeverbeentoParis?湯姆去過巴黎嗎?Yes,he’sbeenthereseveraltimes.是的，他去過好幾次了。Wherehavetheygone?他們?nèi)ツ睦锪?They’vegonetoShenyang.他們?nèi)ド蜿柫恕?.非連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能夠用“此刻達(dá)成時(shí)+表示一段時(shí)間的狀語”的句型中。這類動(dòng)詞有：come,go,start,leave,die,buy,finish,join,borrow,stop等。但它們能夠用表示連續(xù)狀態(tài)的相應(yīng)的連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞代替句中的非連續(xù)性性動(dòng)詞。比方：arrive,come→behere,beinbuy→havebegin,start→beon;die→bedeadfinish,end→beovergoout→beoutjoin→beinborrow→keepfinish/end→beoverclose→beclosedleave,move→beaway;fallasleep→beasleep比較過去時(shí)與此刻達(dá)成時(shí)1）過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或純真表達(dá)過去的事情，重申動(dòng)作；此刻達(dá)成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的，重申過去的事情對此刻的影響，重申的是影響。92）去常與詳細(xì)的狀用，而在達(dá)成平常與模糊的狀用，或無狀。一般去的狀:yesterday,lastweek，?ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow,詳細(xì)的狀共同的狀:thismorning,tonight,thisApril,now,once，before,already,recently，lately在達(dá)成的狀for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always,不確定的狀3）在達(dá)成可表示持到在的作或狀，一般是延性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.去常用的非持性有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。例：Isawthisfilmyesterday.（看的作生了。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（在的影響，影的內(nèi)容已知道了。）Whydidyougetupsoearly?（起床的作已生了。）Whohasn'thandedinhispaper?（有卷子，可能不公正爭。）ShehasreturnedfromParis.她已從巴黎回來了。Shereturnedyesterday.她是昨天回來了。HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears.(在內(nèi)的狀可延)HehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears.(是的狀可持)HejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.(三年前入，joined短行。)Ihavefinishedmyhomeworknow.---WillsomebodygoandgetDr.White?---He'salreadybeensentfor.句子中如有去的副（如yesterday,last,week,in1960），不能夠使用在達(dá)成，要用去。（）Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.（）Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.用于在達(dá)成的句型1）Itisthefirst/secondtime?.that?構(gòu)中的從句部分，用在達(dá)成。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.2）Thisisthe?that?構(gòu)，that從句要用在達(dá)成.ThisisthebestfilmthatI've(ever)seen.10是我看的最好的影。Thisisthefirsttime(that)I'veheardhimsing.是我第一次聽他唱歌。典型例(1)---Doyouknowourtownatall?---No,thisisthefirsttimeI___here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming---Haveyou____beentoourtownbefore?---No,it'sthefirsttimeI___here.A.even,comeB.even,havecomeC.ever,comeD.ever,havecome8.此刻達(dá)成進(jìn)行時(shí)(havebeendoing)用法：表示某一作開始于去某一，延或重復(fù)地出到此刻，或?qū)⒀又翆?。例：Wehavebeenworkingonthisprojectforoveramonthnow.（到當(dāng)前止，我素來在理那個(gè)目，已花了一個(gè)多月了。）注意事：與在達(dá)成對照，在達(dá)成行更：在從去到在的里，作或狀素來持或素來頻頻出。例：1997年6月四第45Itseemsoil___________fromthispipeforsometime.We'llhavetotakethemachineaparttoputitright.A)hadleakedB)isleakingC)leakedD)hasbeenleaking過去達(dá)成時(shí)(haddone)見解：以去某個(gè)準(zhǔn)，在此從前生的作或行，或在去某作從前達(dá)成的行，即“去的去”。2.狀：before,bytheendoflastyear(term,month?),etc.基本構(gòu)：had+done.否認(rèn)形式：had+not+done.一般疑句：had放于句首。例句：Assoonaswegottothestation,thetrainhadleft.Bytheendoflastmonth.Wehadreviewedfourbooks2）用法在told,said,knew,heard,thought等后的從句。Shesaid(that)shehadneverbeentoParis.狀從句在去不同樣生的兩個(gè)作中，生在先，用去達(dá)成；生在后，用一般去。Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrunaway.c.表表示愿的，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用去達(dá)成表示"原來?，未能?"Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't.去達(dá)成的狀before,by,until,when,after,once,assoonas。HesaidthathehadlearnedsomeEnglishbefore.Bythetimehewastwelve,Edisonhadbegantomakealivingbyhimself.Tomwasdisappointedthatmostoftheguestshadleftwhenhearrivedattheparty.11典型例Thestudents___busilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookshe___intheoffice.A.hadwritten,leftB，werewriting,hasleftC.hadwritten,hadleftD.werewriting,hadleft注意：hadno?when沒等??就??hadnosooner?than??就??Hehadnosoonerboughtthecarthanhesoldit.其他對于的知點(diǎn).1用一般去代替達(dá)成1)兩個(gè)作如依次生，又不先后，或用then，and，but等，多用一般去。Whenshesawthemouse，shescreamed.MyauntgavemeahatandIlostit.2)兩個(gè)作相生，可用一般去；如第一個(gè)作需要若干達(dá)成，用去達(dá)成。WhenIheardthenews,Iwasveryexcited.表達(dá)史事，可不用去達(dá)成，而只用一般去。OurteachertoldusthatColumbusdiscoveredAmericain1492.一般在代替將來狀從句，條件句中，從句用一般在代替將來When,while,before,after,till,once,assoonas,solongas,bythetime,if,incase(that),unless,evenif,whether,themoment,theminute,theday,theyear,immediatelyHeisgoingtovisitherauntthedayhearrivesinBeijing.他一到北京，就去看他姨。典型例(1）Hesaidhe________meapresentunlessI_______indoingtheexperiment.A.hadnotgiven;hadnotsucceededB.wouldnotgive;succeedC.willnotgive;succeedD.wouldnotgive;willsucceed.答案B.在，條件或步主從句中一般不用將來。本有Hesaid，故去式。主句用將來，故B.此用一般去式代替了去將來。表示在已安排好的將來事，行程等活。Themuseumopensattentomorrow.博物明天10點(diǎn)開。(上每日這樣。)3一般在代替去1)"上"，"上"等。Thenewspapersaysthatit'sgoingtobecoldtomorrow.上明天會(huì)很冷的。表達(dá)往事，使其生。Napoleon'sarmynowadvancesandthegreatbattlebegins.一般在代替達(dá)成有些用一般在代替達(dá)成：hear,tell,learn,write,understand,forget,know,find,say,remember.Ihear(=haveheard)hewillgotoLondon.Iforget(=haveforgotten)howoldheis.2)句型"Itis?since?"代替"Ithasbeen?since?"Itis(=hasbeen)fiveyearssincewelastmet.5一般在代替行1)句型：Herecomes?；Theregoes?12Look,herecomesMr.Li.行家代替將來表示立刻生的或定中劃好的活。Areyoustayingwithusthisweekend?周和我一同度周末?Weareleavingsoon.我上就走。，如：get,run,grow,become,begin及die。Heisdying.一致若是從句所表達(dá)的真理或不的事，永用在。Atthattime,peopledidnotknowthattheearthmoves.Hetoldmelastweekthatheiseighteen.2)從句中的助ought,need,must,dare是不的。HethoughtthatIneednottellyouthetruth.與狀狀一般在every?,sometimes,at?,onSunday,一般去yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982,justnow一般將來next?,tomorrow,in+,在達(dá)成for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always,recently去達(dá)成before,by,until,when,after,once,assoonas去行thismorning,thewholemorning,allday,yesterday,fromninetotenlastevening?when,while將來行soon,tomorrow,thisevening,onSunday,bythistime,tomorrow,intwodays,tomorrowevening13練習(xí)1.(2002全國高考題)—Youhaven’tsaidawordaboutmynewcoat，Brenda.Doyoulikeit?—I’msorryI________anythingaboutitsooner.Icertainlythinkit’sprettyonyou.A.wasn’tsayingB.don’tsayC.won’tsayD.didn’tsay2.(2002全國高考題)IwonderwhyJenny________usrecently.Weshouldhaveheardfromherbynow.A.hasn’twrittenB.doesn’twriteC.won’twriteD.hadn’twritten3.(2003北京春季高考題)—Whenwillyoucometoseeme，Dad?—Iwillgotoseeyouwhenyou________thetrainingcourse.A.willhavefinishedB.willfinishC.arefinishingD.finish4.(2003北京春季高考題)—Howlong________atthisjob?—Since1990.A.wereyouemployedB.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyoubeemployed5.(2003上海春季高考題)Bytheendoflastyear，anothernewgymnasium________inBeijing.A.wouldbecompletedB.wasbeingcompletedC.hasbeencompletedD.hadbeencompleted6.(2002北京高考題)Thelittlegirl________herheartoutbecauseshe________hertoybearandbelievedshewasn’tevergoingtofindit.A.hadcried;lostB.cried;hadlostC.hascried;haslostD.cries;haslost7.(2002北京高考題)—Excuseme，sir.Wouldyoudomeafavor?—Ofcourse.Whatisit?—I________ifyoucouldtellmehowtofilloutthisform.A.hadwonderedB.waswonderingC.wouldwonderD.didwonder8.(2002上海高考題)HewillhavelearnedEnglishforeightyearsbythetimehe________fromtheuniversitynextyear.A.willgraduateB.willhavegraduatedC.graduatesD.istograduate9.(2002上海高考題)Ifeelitisyourhusbandwho________forthespoiledchild.A.istoblameB.isgoingtoblameC.istobeblameD.shouldblame10.Hehasbeenwritingthecompositionthewholemorningandhestill________.A.hasbeenB.doesC.hasD.is11.Ifcitynoises________fromincreasing，people________shouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow.A.arenotkept;willhavetoB.arenotkept;havetoC.donotkeep;willhavetoD.donotkeep;haveto12.Theprice________，butIdoubtwhetheritwillremainso.A.wentdownB.willgodownC.hasgonedownD.wasgoingdown13.—Howlong________eachotherbeforethey________married?—Foraboutayear.14A.havetheyknown;getB.didtheyknow;getC.dotheyknow;aregoingtogetD.hadtheyknown;got14.Youcan’tmoveinrightnow.Thehouse________.A.haspaintedB.ispaintedC.isbeingpaintedD.ispainting15.—Hey，lookwhereyouaregoing!—Oh，I’mterriblysorry.________.A.I’mnotnoticingB.Iwasn’tnoticingC.Ihaven’tnoticedD.Idon’tnotice16.ThereportersaidthattheUFO______easttowestwhenhesawit.A.wastravelingB.traveledC.hadbeentravelingD.wastotravel17.—Isthisraincoatyours?—No，mine________therebehindthedoor.A.ishangingB.hashangC.hangsD.hang18.Iturnedaroundandsaweverybody________atamanwho________loudlyinaforeignlanguage.A.wasstaring;wasshoutingB.wasstaring;shoutingC.staring;shoutingD.stared;shouted19.Henryremainedsilentforamoment.He________.A.thoughtB.hadthoughtC.wasthinkingD.wasthought20.Wewouldliketogoandthankhimourselves，butwe________outhisaddressyet,A.haven’tfoundB.hadn’tfoundC.didn’tfindD.don’tfind21.Shirley________abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon’tknowwhethershehasfinished.A.haswrittenB.wroteC.hadwrittenD.waswriting22.—Haveyougotyourtestresult?—Notyet.Thepapers________.A.arenotcorrectingB.havenotcorrectedC.arestillbeingcorrectedD.havealreadybeencorrected23.Seetheclouds!It________rain!A.willB.isgoingtoC.mustD.certainly24.DoIhavetotakethismedicine?It________soterrible.A.tastesB.istastingC.istastedD.hastasted25.Don’ttakethemagazineaway.It________me.A.isbelongedtoB.belongstoC.wasbelongedtoD.isbelongingto26.Isthisthethirdtimethatyou________late?A.havebeenB.amC.wasD.hadbeen27.—DoyouknowwhenTom________fromabroad?—Perhapsitwillbealongtimebeforehe________.A.willcome;willcomeB.comes;willcomeC.willcome;comesD.comes;comes28.MyunclesaidthathewouldtelephonebutI_____fromhimsofar.A.didn’thearB.hadn’theardC.haven’theardD.won’thear29.Thetelephone________fourtimesinthelasthour，andeachtimeit________formyroommate.15A.hasrung;wasB.hasbeenringing;isC.hadrung;wasD.rang;hasbeen30.Astorm________byacalm.A.isoftenbeingfollowedB.wasoftenfollowedC.isoftenfollowedD.hasoftenbeenfollowed31.ThepenI________I________isonmydesk，rightundermynose.A.think;lostB.thought;hadlostC.think;hadlostD.thought;lost32.—Wecouldhavewalkedtothestation.Itwassonear.—Yes，ataxi________atallnecessary.A.wasn’tB.hadn’tbeenC.couldn’tbeD.won’tbe33.Afriendofminereturnedtohishouseafteraholidayonlytofindit________.A.tobebrokenB.hadbrokenintoC.wasbrokenD.hadbeenbrokeninto34.Theybelievedthatbyusingcomputerstheproductionoftheirfactory________.A.willgreatlyincreaseB.wouldgreatlyincreaseC.wouldbeincreasedgreatlyD.willhavebeengreatlyincreased35.Hiseyesshonebrightlywhenhefinallyreceivedthemagazineshe________.A.hadlongbeenexpectedB.hadlongexpectedC.haslongexpectedD.waslongexpected36.—Doyoulikethenewpen?—Yes，it________verywell.A.iswrittenB.iswritingC.writesD.wrote37.—Oh，it’syou?Ididn’trecognizeyou.—I________myhaircut，andI________newglass.A.had;waswearingB.havehad;amwearingC.had;woreD.havehad;wear38.Asshe________thenewspaper，Granny________asleep.A.read;wasfallingB.wasread