教育技術(shù)培訓(xùn)初級(jí)全部links

PhoneinInFinland芬蘭，北歐國(guó)家homeofNOKia諾基亞，芬蘭一家著名通訊器材公司whichmakes30%ofthe phonessoldaroundthecapitaloftheworld,andveritable(名副其實(shí)的 phonecapitaloftheworld, phoneisnotjustaphone.Itisacreditcard,,astockticker,andanentertainmentcenter.Itisamultifunction(多功能)server.Itisapassporttothefuture.Inthehigh-techworldofephonyFinlandclearlyleadstheworld.Bypressingtheirphone’sbuttonsandreadingtextmessagesonsmallscreen,Finns芬蘭人cantransfermoneyintheirbankaccounts(帳戶,帳號(hào)),tradestocks,purchase(買,)productsuseddaily,rents,buymovietickets,orderflowers,andpayforparkingallwithoutusingaphoneforitstraditionalpurpose.Inashopcenter,youstandbeforeavendingmachine(自動(dòng)售貨機(jī)),anddialanumberonyour phone.Secondslater,thefoodwillfallonashelfinthemachine.Itisaveryeasywaytogetsomethingtoeat,thecostofwhichwillshowuponyour phonebillattheendofthemonth.Insomerestaurants,youdialanumberafterthewaitresshandyouyourbillandgetareceiptfromthecashier. phoneshave esoimportantapartoflifeherethatmanypeoplecannotleavehomewithouttheirphones.Nearly80%ofFinland’sfivemillionpeopleown phones.Therearemuchmorephonesthanfixed(固定的)onesinthecountry.Finnsdescribethemselvesasperfect-phoneusersnotbecausetheyliketotalkmuchbutthecontrary.Finnsarenotveryeagerto areshy,buytheyareveryeagertoenjoyhigh-tech.amongteenagers(十幾歲的青少年), phoneownershiphits100%.Manylogon(登錄)Websitestodownloadalizedmusicorpicturesfortheirphones.Surveys()showthatFinnssendanaverageof25textmessagesamonthontheirphones.Teachershavetobanthephonesduringexamstopreventcheating(欺phonesandrelatedhandhelddeviceswillmakeittechnicallypossibletoeliminate淘汰)cashwithintenyears.Makingthatsociallyacceptable,however,maytakelongerAbout75%ofalltransactions()inFinlandarealreadyperformedwithcreditanddebit(借款)cards.Exceptfromortgage(抵押)payments,whichstillrequire(要求)paperwork,phonecanperformanytraditionalbankingfunction.CheckshavenotbeenusedforatleastfiveyearsTheseprovideagoodstartforcommerce(移動(dòng)商務(wù)).MoreandmorepeopleacceptthepaymentdevicesbecauseofitsfastandconvenientserviceBanksarebeginningtojoinwithenterprises(企業(yè),事業(yè))totestasystemthatintegrates()merce,asthetheorygoes,isenteringpeople’slifestepbySomemistakeswhenreceivingaphoneWhenreceivingaphonecall,youshouldavoidmakingthefollowingWhenmakingaphonecall,acallerisoftengreetedwithablunt(生硬的)“Whoareyou?”,whichmakesthecallerfeelmuchtoodirect.Sometimesthereceiverdoesnotwanttolthecallerifsomeoneisinuntilthecallerstateshisorheridentity()andinstitutionalaffiliation(單位).Ifsomeonedoesn’tevenwanttolacallerwhethera isintoreceivethecallornot,whydidhefixaphoneinthefirstce(當(dāng)初)?Sometimesthe oneiscallingisnotin.Frequently,the whoreceivesthecallreturnstothephoneonlytostateHe’sShe’snothereandthen,withoutwaitingforaresponse,immediayhangsup.Endingtheconversationsoabruptly(突然地)andunilally(單方面地isconsideredbymanypeopletobeverySomeinformationaboutlongdistancecallDoyouevercalllongdistancefromapayphone?Youdialthenumber,andthenyouhearsomethinglike:“Sixtycents,please.Pleasedeposit(投硬幣)sixtycentsforthefirstthreeminutes.”Ifyouarecing（處于…位置）thecallinNewYorkState,don’ttrytoasktheaquestion.Thereisnooneonthelinewithyou.ThevoiceyouhearcomesfromacomputerIthasvocabularyofseventywordsinitsmemoryThisprogramisknownastheAutomaticCoin(自動(dòng)投幣)ephoneService.Thewordandnumbersarefirstrecorded,eachwordandnumberbyitself,byanactressThesoundsarethenchangedintoelectronicsignalandstoredinacomputermemorycircuit電路Thecircuitishooked(連接)intothecomputerthatcontrolsallthecallsmadefrompayephones.Whileyoudialyourcall,thecomputersenseseachofthenumbers.Whenyoufinish,itcalculates(計(jì)算)thecostandproducesthevoicethatyouhearAssoonasyoudepositthemoney,thecomputerautomaticallyconnectsyourcall.HaveyouevercalledInformationandheardanoperatorsay:“Information.MayIhelpyou?” ltheoperatoranameandheorshegivesyouthephonenumber.Inthepast,theoperatorwouldhavetothumb(翻閱)through ephonedirectory(簿)topickuptheNow,anewcomputersystemprovidesthisinformationmuchmorequickly.Sometimesitcanfindthenumberevenifyoumisspellthename.Informationoperatorswhousethisnewsystemtypeinthenameyougiveonthecomputerterminal(終端).Inaflash,thecomputerdisysthenameandephonenumberontheCRT(顯像館Atthesametime,thecomputercallsupninesimilarnames.Incaseyouspelledthenamewrong,theoperatormaystillbeabletofindit.Allnewphonesarealsoenteredintothiscomputersystem.Theinformationoperators,therefore,havetheup-to-the-minute(直到現(xiàn)在的,的,最近的)listings.Attheendoftheyear,thecomputerishookedtoamachinethatautomaticallysetsthetypeforthenewephonedirectory.Thedirectory(地址錄,)isthenprintedfromthistype…accuray(準(zhǔn)確地),quickly,andatagreatsavingsincost.Inthepastfiftyyears,communicationthroughouttheworldhasimprovedgreatly.Thisisbecauseoftheephone,radio,evision,faxandcomputer.Theuseofsalitehasincreasedthespeedofcommunicationaswellasthedistanceoverwhichpeoplecancommunicate.evisionpicturesandphonecallscannowbesentfromoneceoftheworldtootherbysalite.Oneimportantdevelopmentisnewdialingsystem.Ifyouwanttohaveawordwithyourfriendinthedistantceofthecountryorevenabroad,whatyouneedtodoisjusttodialhisnumber.Atsomeces,suchaspostoffice,anewkindoftheproduct,phone,issometimesseen,Thisephonehasasmallscreen,onwhichthespeakersareabletoseeeachother.Inmostoffices,andsomepeople’shomes,thefaxmachineiscommonasonemeansoffastcommunicationinwrittenform.Theexact s,picturesandsooncanbesentandreceivedaroundtheclockonit.Lay,communicationthroughthecomputerthesmartmachine,ismoreandmorefrequentlyused,inotherwords,it ingpopular.TheInternetonthecomputermillionsofpiecesofinformation.Alltheinformationcanbeshownonthescreenoncethefileisopened.Youchoosewhatyouwantalmost ofchargeandcangetitprintedintheprinter,Connectingwiththecomputer.Ifyouwanttoshareyourinformationwithotherpeople,youcanstoreitinafile.Privateletterscanalsobesentandreceivedonthisnet.Theonlydifferenceisthatyouandthe towhomyousendtheletterneedtoknowthespecialcodesothatnobodyelsecanopenthefileandreadtheletter.Intheworldtoday,thespeedofcommunicationandtheamountofmaterialandinformationthatcanbesentandreceivedhasincreasedagreatdeal.Assomepeopleneedtocommunicatewithoneanotherfortheirworkorpleasure,theynowhavewiththem phones,portablefaxmachinesandcomputerswherevertheygo.Itisbelievedthatallthesemodernmeansofcommunicationwillbenecessarypartofoureverydaylifeinthenearfuture.municationBringsConveniencetoModernModernlifewouldbeunimaginablewithout munications.ephone,faxandTVarealreadyhouseholdwords.Newtermslikepager(傳呼機(jī)), phoneand enteringourdailylifeandatarapidpace. municationshavepenetratednearlyeveryaspectofmodernlifeandarefastchangingthewaywelive.Itisnoexaggerationtosaythat municationsbringhugeprofitsandgreatconveniencetoourdailylife.Forinstance,theephonemakesitpossibleforpeopleindifferentcestotalktooneanother.Pagerand phoneenableustomakephonecallregardlessoftimeandce.Comparedwithordinarymaildelivery,orevenwithexpressairmaildelivery,electronicmaildeliversmailsmuchfasterandasurprisinglycheapprice,nomatterwherethereceiveris.SurfingtheInternetisalsoaby-productof munications,which,providesuswitheasyaccesstoawealthofinformation.Furthermore,thankstotherapidgrowthofmunications,businesscorporationscanmanagebusinessaffairsfarmoreefficientlythroughphone,fax,andon-lineHowever,therearedisadvantagesbroughtaboutby munications,suchasphonebillsforunnecessarytalks,thedisturbanceofunwantedorwrongcalls,andtheattractionofhot-lineservicesetc.Yetbythelarge municationsbringmorebenefitthanharmtoourlife.Byshorteningdistance, municationsenhanceefficiencyinourcommercialactivities,savetimeandmoneyinpromotinginteralrelationsaswellasinacquiringknowledgeand municationshavechangedandwillchangeourwayofItisknowntoallthatAlexanderGramBellinventedtheephone.Infact,thereweretwoexpertsbeforehim.’OneisFelipe,asaGerman,hedemonstratedhisexperimentsin1861.Butpeoplepaidnoattentiontoit.Hediedattheageof40withthematterofregret.TheotherisGeral,likeFelipe,healsodidexperimentsin1874inWashingtonD.C.Ashedidn’tearnmuchmoneyfromit,heputhimselfintosendingegraminstead.Bell,heusedhisgeniusandwills,aftersettingthousandsofdifficulties,succeeded.Althoughheknewthathewouldhavenowealthifhehisresearch.Buthedidn’tloseheartallthetime.Atlasthepersuadedamillionairetosupporthim.Soonhebecameworldfamous.Noweverytimeyouusetheephone,youwillrememberhim,won’tyou?Wecanconcludethatwheneverandwhateverdifficultiesyoumeet,goonandon,neverloseheart,youbeWhatcanwelearnfromTheappearanceofephoneisveryimportantinscience.MostofusconsiderthatBellwastheinventorofthephone.Butinfact,Bellwasn’ttheonly whohadinventedit.Earlyin1861,aGermanyteacherPhilipLaicemadearoughlyphonebyhimself.showeditinaphysicsconferenceinFrance.However,alltheexpertsconsideredittobeagame.Laicewasgreatlyshockedandlaterdied.AnotherAmericannamedGraneshowedamoreadvancedphoneinWashingtonin1874.Unfortunaly,noonesupportedhisview.Onefamousmagazinesaidthatthephonewasuselessandwasjustasciencetoy.SoGranestudiedtheegraminstead.Thethird wasBell.Ataround1874,assigned(resignedawellpaidjobasaprofessorinordertostudyephone.Hemadeapracticaloneatlastin1875.Tointroducehisinvention,Bellfinallypersuadedarichmanandsetupaephone.Sincethen,Americahasbeenthoughttobethethirdceofthephone.Bellbecametherealinventor.Laice,thoughhadabilityaswell,theydidn’tsticktoittilltheend,Sowhattheygotwasonlyregret！Phoneinour moreandmore ephonescomeintothecommonpeople’shouse.Theyuseitforalmostanythingcallingataxi,havingaconversation,makingsocialarrangementsorbusinesscontacts.Thisis ephonesarepopular:almosteveryhouseandofficehasatleastoneTherearemanykindsofphonecalls.Forexample,long-distancecall,station-to-stationcall,-to callandcollectcall.Makeastation-tostationcallmeansyouarecallingthenumber,notanyparticular .Thiskindofcallisespeciallyusedtocallabusiness.Ifyouwishtospeaktoaparticular ,a callshouldbeused.Whenyouwantthereceivertopay,youmaymakeacollectcall.Thiskindofcallismoreexpensivebutitisconvenientforthecallerifhedoesn’thavemoneywithhim.Rememberthatacollectcallcanonlybesuccessfullymadeifthereceiveragreestoacceptthecharges.Therearealsosomespecialephone112:ephoneproblemsacceptingcall114:inquiryserviceforephonenumber.119:askingforfirementoputoutthefire.Changes ephones Theephonethatyouwillusebeforelongwillbemuchmorecomplexthantheoneyouusetoday.Itwillbea phone,aphonethatcantransmitandreceivepicturesaswellassound.Wi