2023年考研英語一真題及答案解析

2023考研英語一真題及答案解析Section1UseofEnglishDirections：Readthefollowingtext。Choosethebestword〔s〕foreachnumberedblankandmark[A]，[B]，[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET?！?0points〕InCambodia，thechoiceofaspouseisacomplexonefortheyoungmale。Itmayinvolvenotonlyhisparentsandhisfriends， 1 thoseoftheyoungwoman，butalsoamatchmaker。Ayoungmancan 2 alikelyspouseonhisownandthenaskhisparentsto 3 themarriagenegotiations，ortheyoungmassmayeeefa，gedeoynselection。 4，agirlmayvetothespouseherparentshavechosen。 5 aspousehasbeenselected，eachfamilyinvestigatestheothertomakesureitschildismarrying 6 agoodfamily。Thetraditionalweddingisalongandcolorfulaffair。Formerlyitlastedthreedays，71980sitmorecommonlylastedadayandahalf。Buddhistpriestsofferashortsermonand8prayersofblessing。Par--tsoftheceremonyinvolveritualhaircutting，9cottonthreadssoakedinholywateraroundthebride‘sandgroomswrists，and 10 acandlearoundacircleofhappilymarriedandrespectedcouplestobless the 11。 Newlywedstraditionallymoveinwiththewife144頁‘sparentsandmay 12 withthemuptoayear， 13 theycanbuildanewhousenearby。Divorceislegalandeasyto 14，butnotcommon。Divorcedpersonsare 15 withsomedisapproval。Eachspouseretains 16 propertyheorshe 17 intothemarriage，andjointly-acquiredpropertyis 18 equally。Divorcedpersonsmayremarry，butagenderprejudice 19 up。 Thedivorcedmaledoesn‘thaveawaitingperiodbeforehecanremarry 20 thewomanmustwaittenmonths。1。 A。bywayof B。withregardto C。onbehalfof D。aswellas2。A。decideonB。provideforC。competewith D。adaptto3。A。closeB。arrangeC。renew D。postpone4。AIntheoryBAboveallCIntime DForexample5。A。UnlessB。LessC。After D。Although6。A。intoB。withinC。from D。through7。A。orB。sinceC。but D。so8。A。testB。copyC。recite D。create9。A。foldingB。pilingC。wrapping D。tying10。A。passingB。lightingC。hiding D。serving11。A。association B。meetingC。collection D。union244頁12。A。dealB。partC。growD。live13。A。whereasB。untilC。forD。if14。A。avoidB。followC。challengeD。obtain15。A。isolatedB。persuadedC。viewedD。exposed16。A。whereverB。whateverC。wheneverD。however17。A。changedB。broughtC。shapedDpushed18。A。investedB。dividedC。donatedD。withdrawn19。A。warmsB。clearsC。showsD。breaks20。A。whileB。sothatC。onceD。inthat1。 [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][D]aswellas[考點(diǎn)分析]此題考察規(guī)律關(guān)系章身處大環(huán)境notonly…。。butalso之中，這是一個(gè)明顯的并列關(guān)系，表示“不僅……而且……”該空與前一句“hisparentsandhisfriends”也是并列關(guān)系，表示“與他本人以及伴侶的父母朋友相關(guān)”所以答案只能是D。aswellas。A。bywayof通過B。withregardto關(guān)于C。onbehalfof代表2。 [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][A]decideon[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語義344頁[選項(xiàng)分析]依據(jù)該句的主語ayoungman與賓語alikelyspouseA。decideonB。providefor為……供給預(yù)備C。competewith與……競爭D。adaptto3。 [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][B]arrange[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語義及動詞辨析[選項(xiàng)分析]該句意思為，他可以自己選擇自己中意的伴侶并讓父母相關(guān)事務(wù)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，A。close關(guān)閉Crenew更；恢復(fù)Dpostpone“推遲”，語義不正確，Barrange4。[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][A]Intheory[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語義[選項(xiàng)分析]規(guī)律推斷題。主要是看前后兩句的含義，前面是說“他可以自己選擇自己中意的伴侶并讓父母安排相關(guān)事務(wù)，或者幾乎不參與，完全讓父母選擇自己的對象?！笨崭駇ayA。Intheory的正確性。而其他選項(xiàng)B。Aboveall最重要的是，C。Intime準(zhǔn)時(shí)D。Forexample5。[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][C]After[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語義aspousehasbeenselected，eachfamilyinvestigatestheotherafter444頁才對。其他選項(xiàng)A。Unless除非，否則B。Lest以免，生怕D。Although盡管都不符合題意。6。[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][A]into[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語義及介詞詞義辨析[選項(xiàng)分析]這里主要是看marrymarryinto而其他選項(xiàng)均沒有這層含義。7。 [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][C]but[考點(diǎn)分析]規(guī)律關(guān)系題1980s，婚禮只持續(xù)一天半。所以與前文發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變。因此要選擇but8。 [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][C]recite[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析[選項(xiàng)分析]空格處需要填一個(gè)動詞，和后面的prayersofblessing所搭配，C選項(xiàng)recite為背誦的意思，與所給短語搭配最為合理，譯為“為祈禱者做祈福”。9。 [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][D]tying[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析544頁[選項(xiàng)分析]此題需要依據(jù)上下文語義分析，空格處需要搭配后文“棉花線頭”，縱觀四個(gè)選項(xiàng)[A]折疊[B]積存[C]包裹[DD10。[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][A]passing[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析[選項(xiàng)分析]此題依據(jù)選項(xiàng)[A]傳遞[B]點(diǎn)亮[C]隱蔽[D與后文“aroundacircle”來搭配，譯為“將蠟燭傳一圈”，故[A]傳遞為正確選項(xiàng)。11。[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][D]union[考點(diǎn)分析]名詞詞義辨析[選項(xiàng)分析]此題依據(jù)選項(xiàng)[A[B[C]集合[D[D]結(jié)合更符合語境。12。[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][D]live[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析[選項(xiàng)分析]此題比較簡潔。依據(jù)語義“依據(jù)傳統(tǒng)，婚夫婦要搬到妻子父母家，與父母 一年”依據(jù)語境，應(yīng)為[D]居住為最正確答案。13。[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][B]until644頁[考點(diǎn)分析]時(shí)間規(guī)律關(guān)系[選項(xiàng)分析]依據(jù)原文，“[A]然而[B]直到[C]為[D]假設(shè)結(jié)合語境，[B]直到最符合原文語境，搭配最為合理。14。[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][D]obtain[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析[選項(xiàng)分析]Divorceislegalandrelativelyeasyto14，butnotcommon。該句句意為離婚是合法的，且相對簡潔。A.avoid避開B.follow跟隨C.chanllenge戰(zhàn)，質(zhì)疑D.obtain獲得。這里消滅and，所以對于離婚這件事不行能是避開或是挑戰(zhàn)，但是跟隨和離婚之間語義不符，但是獲得離婚〔的批準(zhǔn)〕是可以的。選D。15。[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][D]viewed[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析[選項(xiàng)分析]Divorcedpersonsare 15 withsomedisapproval。離婚的人…一些不贊同。在段首，已經(jīng)注明離婚是合法的且相對簡潔得到批準(zhǔn)，但是不常見。這說明離婚在現(xiàn)實(shí)中確定是不太受到人們的歡送的而接下來這句就說離婚的人…一些不贊同再看選項(xiàng)：A.isolated孤立B.persuaded勸告C.viewed看做D。exposed接觸，受到…的影響C選項(xiàng)固定搭配被認(rèn)為，放進(jìn)。16。[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][B]whatever[考點(diǎn)分析]語法744頁[選項(xiàng)分析Eachspouseretains 16 propertyheorshe 17 intothemarriage，17個(gè)空對應(yīng)的都是動詞所以該句意思為：夫婦雙方保有…財(cái)產(chǎn)這個(gè)財(cái)產(chǎn)是他或她…〔動詞〕進(jìn)婚姻的。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)Awhenever“無論何地；任何〔地方〕=anyplaceCwhenever無論何時(shí)；任何〔時(shí)間=anytimewhen〕Dhowever無論如何；無論多么。依據(jù)語義，這里應(yīng)當(dāng)不是讓步的關(guān)系，而且填的這個(gè)詞還要能修飾property。因此，選擇B=retainsanypropertythatheorshe…。17。[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][B]brought[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語義及動詞義辨析[選項(xiàng)分析]Eachspouseretains 16 propertyheorshe 17 intothemarriage，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)Achanged“轉(zhuǎn)變”。Bbrought“帶來”。Cshaped“形成”Dpushed“推，逼迫”。結(jié)合語境只有B符合，把財(cái)產(chǎn)帶入婚姻。18。[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][B]divided[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語義及動詞義辨析[選項(xiàng)分析]…andjointly-acquiredpropertyis18equallyAinvested投資。[B]divided平分[C]donated捐贈[D]withdrawn撤出，提取。依據(jù)語義應(yīng)當(dāng)是共同財(cái)產(chǎn)被〔夫妻雙方〕平分。19。[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][C]shows[考點(diǎn)分析]動詞固定搭配844頁[選項(xiàng)分析]Divorcedpersonsmayremarry，butagenderprejudice 。A?！病臣訜酈.clear〔up〕變晴C.show〔up〕顯現(xiàn)D.break〔up〕分裂，分開；，明顯C正確選項(xiàng)。20。 [標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][A]while[選項(xiàng)分析]上下文語義[考點(diǎn)分析]很明顯的兩類人的比照比較關(guān)系。只能選擇while。[真題翻譯]在柬埔寨，伴侶的選擇對于年輕男性來說是一個(gè)簡單的問題。這不僅與他本方家庭來確保他們的孩子嫁到好人家。傳統(tǒng)的婚禮是一段漫長，多姿多彩的過程。從前會持續(xù)三天，但是到了20世紀(jì)80年月，一般會持續(xù)一天半。佛教徒通常會做簡短誦經(jīng)，并為人祈福。儀式通常包括剪發(fā)，在。944頁婚前不需要一段等待期而女性則需要等待十個(gè)月。SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections：Readthefollowingfourtexts。AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingABCorD。MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET〔40points〕Text1France，whichpridesitselfastheglobalinnovatoroffashion，hasdecideditsfashionindustryhaslostanabsoluterighttodefinephysicalbeautyforwomenItslawmakersgavepreliminaryapprovallastweektoalawthatwouldmakeitacrimetoemployultra-thinmodelsonrunways。Theparliamentalsoagreedtobanwebsitesthat“inciteexcessivethinness”bypromotingextremedieting。Suchmeasureshaveacoupleofupliftingmotives。Theysuggestbeautyshouldnotbedefinedbylooksthatendupimpingingonhealth。That’sastart。Andthebanonultra-thinmodelsseemstogobeyondprotectingmodelsfromstarvingthemselvestodeath–assomehavedone。Ittellsthefashionindustrythatitmusttakeresponsibilityforthesignalitsendswomen，especiallyteenagegirls，aboutthesocialtape-measuretheymustusetodeterminetheirindividualworth。1044頁Thebansiffullyenforcedwouldsuggesttowomen〔andmanymen〕thattheyshouldnotletothersbearbitersoftheirbeauty。Andperhapsfaintly，theyhintthatpeopleshouldlooktointangiblequalitieslikecharacterandintellectratherthandietingtheirwaytosizezeroorwasp-waistphysiques。TheFrenchmeasures，however，relytoomuchonseverepunishmenttoeaetlsysd。thelaw，usingafashionmodelthatdoesnotmeetagovernment-definedindexofbodymasscouldresultina$85，000fineandsixmonthsinprison。Thefashionindustryknowsithasaninherentprobleminfocusingonmaterialadornmentandidealizedbodytypes。InDenmark，theUnitedStates，andafewothercountries，itistryingtosetvoluntarystandardsformodelsandfashionimagesthatrelymoreonpeerpressureforenforcement。ntos，snydtmonthonrulesandsanctionsregardingtheage，health，andothercharacteristicsofmodel。eydhnlryseawareofandtakeresponsibilityfortheimpactthefashionindustryhasonbodyideals，especiallyonyoungpeople”。Thecharter’smaintoolofenforcementistodenyaccessfordesignersandmodelingagenciestoCopenhagenFashionWeek〔CFW〕，whichisrunbytheDanishFashionInstitute。Butingeneralitreliesonaname-and-shamemethodofcompliance。1144頁Relyingonethicalpersuasionratherthanlawtoaddressthemisuseofbodyidealsmaybethebeststep。Evenbetterwouldbetohelpelevatenotionsofbeautybeyondthematerialstandardsofaparticularindustry。21。Accordingtothefirstparagraph，whatwouldhappeninFrance？[A]Physicalbeautywouldberedefined。[B]Newrunwayswouldbeconstructed。[C]Websitesaboutdietingwouldthrive。[D]Thefashionindustrywoulddecline。22。Thephrase“impingingon”〔Line2，Para.2〕isclosestinmeaningto[A]heighteningthevalueof[B]indicatingthestateof[C]losingfaithin[D]doingharmto23。Whichofthefollowingistrueofthefashionindustry？[A]TheFrenchmeasureshavealreadyfailed。NewstandardsarebeingsetinDenmark。Modelsarenolongerunderpeerpressure。1244頁Itsinherentproblemsaregettingworse。24.AdesignerismostlikelytoberejectedbyCFWfor[A]pursuingperfectphysicalconditions[B]caringtoomuchaboutmodel’scharacter。[C]showinglittleconcernforhealthfactors[D]settingahighagethresholdformodels。25.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthetext？[A]AChallengetotheFashionIndustry’sBodyIdeals[B]ADilemmafortheStarvingmodelsinFrance[C]JustAnotherRoundofStruggleforBeauty[D]TheGreatThreatstotheFashionIndustry答案APhysicalbeautywouldberedefinedFranceFrancehaslostanabsoluterighttodefinephysicalbeautyTheysuggestbeautyshouldnotbedefinebylooksAphysicalbeautywouldberedefined換，即為正確答案。答案Ddoingharmto1344頁解析：此題為詞義題。定位到其次段其次句Theysuggestbeautyshouldnotbedefinedbylooksthatendupimpingingonhealth。依據(jù)endup可以看出beautyshouldnotbedefinedbylooks和thatendupimpingingonhealthdoingharmto答案BNewStandardsarebeingsetinDenmark解析：此題是正誤推斷題。依據(jù)第五段其次句話InDenmark，…itistryingtosetvoluntarystandardsformodelsandfashionB選項(xiàng)NewstandardsarebeingsetinDenmark答案Cshowinglittleconcernforhealthfactors解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。一個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)師很可能由于什么緣由被CFW拒絕，依據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞可回到文中計(jì)師，由于可以推斷設(shè)計(jì)師很可能由于不考慮身體安康因素而被CFW答案DAchallengetotheFashionIndustry’sBodyIdeals1444頁D，對時(shí)尚界完善身材的質(zhì)疑。Text2Forthefirsttimeinhistorymorepeopleliveintownsthaninthecountry。InBritainthishashadacuriousresult。WhilepollsshowBritonsrate”thecountryside”alongsidetheroyalfamily，ShakespeareandtheNationalHealthSerivce〔NHS〕aswhatmakesthemproudestoftheircountry，thishaslimitedpoliticalsupport。AcenturyagoOctaviaHillLaunchedtheNationalTrustnottorescuestylishhousesbuttosave“thebeautyofnaturalplacesforeveryoneforever”。 Itwasspecificallytoprovidecitydwellerswithspacesforleisurewheretheycouldexperience“arefreshingair”Hill’spressurelaterledtocreationofnationalparksconsumesmoreofit。Itneedsconstantguardianship。Atthenextelectionnoneofthebigpartiesseemlikelytoendorsethissentiment。Theconservatives’planningreformexplicitlygivesruraldevelopmentyr，n“gelmightobject。Theconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasbeendefinedasprofitable。Labourlikewisewantstodiscontinuelocalplanningwherecouncilsopposedevelopment。TheLiberalDemocratsaresilent。OnlyUkip，sensingitschance，hassidedwiththosepleadingforamoreconsideredapproachtousing1544頁greenland。ItsCampaigntoProtectRuralEnglandstruckterrorintomanylocalconservativeparties。Thesensibleplacetobuildnewhouses，factoriesandofficesiswherepeoplensdseesn。ensAckroydrecentlyidentifiedenoughsitesforhalfamillionhousesintheLondonareaalone，withnointrusionongreenbelt。WhatistrueofLondoniseventrueroftheprovinces。talk。Theissueisnottheneedformorehousesbut，asalways，wheretoputthem。Underlobbypressure，GeorgeOsbornefavoursruralnew-buildagainsturbanrenovationandrenewal。Hefavoursout-of-townshoppingsitesagainsthighs。sstaemarkettad。lsdsgrownandwillalwaysgrow。Theydosobestwherebuildingstickstotheiredgesandrespectstheircharacter。WedonotruinurbanDevelopmentshouldbeplanned，notletrip。AftertheNetherlands，BritainisEurope’smostcrowedcountry。Halfacenturyoftownandcountryplanninghasenabledittoretainanenviableruralcoherence，whilestillpermittinglow-densityurbanliving。Thereisnodoubtofthealternative---thecorruptedlandscapesofsouthernPortugal，SpainorIreland。Avoidingthisratherthanpromotingitshouldunitetheleftandrightofthepoliticalspectrum。26。 Britain’spublicsentimentaboutthecountryside1644頁hasbroughtmuchbenefittotheNHS。didn’tstarttilltheShakespeareanage。isfullybackedbytheroyalfamily。isnotwellreflectedinpolitics。27。AccordingtoParagraph2，theachievementsoftheNationalTrustarenowbeinggraduallydestroyed。effectivelyperlyprotected。largelyovershadowed。28。 whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph3？Ukipmaygainfromitssupportforruralconservation。theConservativesmayabandon”off-plan“building。theLiberalDemocratsarelosingpoliticalinfluence。labourisunderattackforopposingdevelopment。29。 theauthorholdsthatGeorgeOsborne’spreference1744頁revealsastrongprejudiceagainsturbanareas。showshisdisregardforthecharacterofruralareas。stressesthenecessityofeasingthehousingcrisis。highlightshisfirmstandagainstlobbypressure。30。 Inthelastparagraph，theauthorshowshisappreciationof[A] thesizeofpopulationinBritain。[B theenviableurbanlifestyleinBritain。thetown-and-countryplanninginBritain。thepoliticallifeintodayisBritain。26答案Disnotwellreflectedinpolitics解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。精讀題干，劃出關(guān)鍵詞。依據(jù)題干回到原文準(zhǔn)確定位到首段最終一句，pollspublicsentiment“thishaslimitedpoliticalsupport”，意思為這在政治支持方面是有限的。與D選項(xiàng)“在政治上沒有得到很好的反響”為同義替換。答案DlargelyovershadowedtheNationalTrust，定位到其次段首句theNationalTrust該句。二段首句只是對Hill的該工程做介紹，需向后看影響。往下可以讀1844頁到Hill’spressureHill就很大程度上被奪取了光輝。答案AUkipmaygainfromitssupportforruralconservation選項(xiàng)不難覺察，選項(xiàng)中都是大寫的Ukip，TheConservatives，TheLiberalDemocrats，Labour。可依據(jù)選項(xiàng)中的大寫回段落中查找，覺察Ukip所在的定位句為Only的倒裝強(qiáng)調(diào)句〔倒裝強(qiáng)調(diào)句往往為答案所在處〕。該句子意思是：只有Ukip意識到其時(shí)機(jī)，并支持這些人。和選項(xiàng)A對應(yīng)一下，Ukip可能能從其對農(nóng)村保護(hù)的支持中獲得好處，是同義替換。答案BShowshisdisregardforthecharacterofruralareas解析：細(xì)節(jié)題問的是作者對于奧斯本的偏好〔觀點(diǎn)〕的具體看法。依據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞奧斯本中受到保護(hù)的地方”，“你們?yōu)槭裁匆茐泥l(xiāng)村的呢？”這就說明奧斯本一方的觀點(diǎn)是要破壞鄉(xiāng)村環(huán)境。所以可得出答案是奧斯本想法說明白他對于鄉(xiāng)村人們的無視。答案Cthe-town-and-countryplanninginBritain的段落中心，可定位到末段末句。末句指出，避開this會將左右黨派聯(lián)系起來，this代詞Should1944頁TEXT3“Thereisonandonlyonesocialresponsibilityofbusiness，”wroteMiltonFriedman，aNobelprize-winningeconomist，“Thatis，touseitsresourcesandengageinactivitiesdesignedtoincreaseitsprofits?！盉utevenifyouacceptFriedman’spremiseandregardcorporatesocialresponsibility〔CSR〕policiesasawasteofshareholders’money，thingsmaynotbeabsolutelyclear-cut。NewresearchsuggeststhatCSRmaycreatemonetaryvalueforcompanies-atleastwhentheyareprosecutedforcorruption。ThelargestfirmsinAmericaandBritaintogetherspendmorethan$15billionayearonCSRaccordingtoanestimatebyEPGaconsultingfirm。Thiscouldaddvaluetotheirbusinessesinthreeways。First，consumersmaytakeCSRspendingasa“signalthatacompany’sproductsareofhighquality。Second，customersmaybewillingtobuyacompany’sproductsasanindirectwaytodonatetothegoodcausesithelps。Andthird，throughamorediffuse“haloeffect，”wherebyitsgooddeedsearnitgreaterconsiderationfromconsumersandothers。PreviousstudiesonCSRhavehadtroubledifferentiatingtheseeffectsbecauseconsumerscanbeaffectedbyallthree。AlrecentstudyattemptstoseparatethembylookingatbriberyprosecutionsunderAmerica’sForeignCorruptPracticesAct〔FCPA〕。Itarguesthatsinceprosecutorsdonotconsumeacompany’2044頁sproductsaspartoftheirinvestigations，theycouldbeinfluencedonlybythehaloeffect。Thestudyfoundthat，amongprosecutedfirms，thosewiththemostcompreheeRsdotmoretrsoutthepossibilitythatitwasfirm’spoliticalinfluence，ratherthantheirCSRstand，thataccountedfortheleniency：Companiesthatcontributedmoretopoliticalcampaignsdidnotreceivelowerfines。Inall，thestudyconcludesthatwhereasprosecutorsshouldonlyevaluateacasebasedonitsmerits，theydoseemtobeinfluencedbyacompany’srecordinCSR?！癢eestimatethateithereliminatingasubstantiallabour-rightsconcern，suchaschildlabour，orincreasingcorporategivingbyabout20%resultsinfinesthatgenerallyare40%lowerthanthetypicalpunishmentforbribingforeignofficialssaysoneresearcher。ResearchersadmitthattheirstudydoesnotanswerthequestionofhowmuchbusinessesoughttospendonCSR。Nordoesitrevealhowmuchcompaniesarebankingonthehaloeffect，ratherthantheotherpossiblebenefits，whentheydecidetheirdo-goodingpolicies。Butatleasttheyhavedemonstratedthatwhenco2144頁mpaniesgetintotroublewiththelaw，evidenceofgoodcharactercanwinthemlesscostlypunishment。TheauthorviewsMiltonFriedman’sstatementaboutCSRwith[A]tolerance。[B]skepticism。[C]uncertainty。[D]approval。AccordingtoParagraph2，CSRhelpsacompanyby[A]winningtrustfromconsumers。[B]guardingitagainstmalpractices。[C]protectingitfrombeingdefamed。[D]raisingthequalityofitsproducts。33。Theexpressionmorelenient”〔line2，para.4〕isclosestinmeaningto[A]moreeffective[B]lesscontroversial[C]lesssevere2244頁[D]morelasting34。Whenprosecutorsevaluateacase，acompany’sCSRregard[A]hasanimpactontheirdecision[B]comesacrossasreliableevidence[C]increasesthechanceofbeingpenalized[D]constitutespartoftheinvestigationWhichofthefollowingistrueofCSR，accordingtothelastparagraph？Itsnegativeeffectsonbusinessesareoftenoverlooked。Thenecessaryamountofcompanies’spendingonitisunknown。Companies’financialcapacityforithasbeenoverestimated。Ithasbroughtmuchbenefittothebankingindustry。31答案BSkepticism解析：作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干問的是作者對有關(guān)CSR方面MiltonFriedman什么態(tài)度。依據(jù)大寫MiltonFriedman這個(gè)人定位到定位到首段首句。留意題干問的是作but“thingsmaynotabsolutelyclear-cut”，作者持的是否認(rèn)態(tài)度，選擇答案B。C選項(xiàng)是作者態(tài)度不明確，不能選擇。答案Awinningtrustfromconsumers2344頁Rddeorinthreeways。從而定位下面三點(diǎn)。First后面消滅了highquality，但是它是在從句中，從句修飾“signaltake，與D中raising并不是同義詞，故排解。Second，和third都與消費(fèi)者購置心態(tài)有關(guān)，和A選項(xiàng)winningtrustfromconsumersB，Cmalpracticesdefamed排解。答案Clessseveremorelenient是作為修飾penalties〔懲罰〕的，故推想本句在爭論CSR和penalties有什么聯(lián)系。而本段與懲罰相關(guān)的詞只有最終一個(gè)詞fines〔罰金〕，lower，故可推想morelenient與降低懲罰有關(guān)，只有C答案Ahasanimpactontheirdecision解析：題干中問的是CSRrecord與prosecutorsevaluateacase的關(guān)系，依據(jù)題干內(nèi)容到對應(yīng)點(diǎn)：第五段第一句。本句說，。。。theydoseemtobeinfluencedbyacompany‘srecoreinCSR。這里的beinfluenced與A選項(xiàng)hasanimpact對應(yīng)，應(yīng)選A。而B選項(xiàng)中的reliableevidence，C選項(xiàng)中的thechanceofbeingpenalizedD選項(xiàng)中的investigation與題干中的Whenprosecutorsevaluateacase明顯對應(yīng)不上，故不予考慮。答案 BThenecessaryamountofcompanies’spendingonitisunknown2444頁解析：該題是一道推斷題，題干問的是有關(guān)CSR哪個(gè)是對的。先依據(jù)CSR回到最終一段，定位到末段首句。首句提到“爭論人員成認(rèn)到其爭論沒有答復(fù)如下問題：公司應(yīng)當(dāng)在CSR方面花費(fèi)多少錢”。選項(xiàng)B的意思是公司在其方面的花費(fèi)是未知的，屬于原文的同義替換。Text4TherewilleventuallycomeadaywhenTheNewYorkTimesceasestopublishstoriesonnewsprint。Exactlywhenthatdaywillbeisamatterofdebate。“Sometimeinthefuture”，thepaper’spublishersaidbackin2023。Nostalgiaforinkonpaperandtherustleofsaside，there’splentyofincentivetoditchprint。Theinfrastructurerequiredtomakeaphysicalnewspaper—printingpresses，deliverytrucks—isn’tjustexpensive；it’sexcessiveatatimewhenonline-onlycompetitorsdon’thavethesamesetoffinancialconstraints。Readersaremigratingawayfromprintaway。Andthoughprintadsalesstilldwarftheironlineandmobilecounterparts，revenuefromprintisstilldeclining。Overheadmaybehighandcirculationlower，butrushingtoeliminateitsprinteditionwouldbeamistake，saysBuzzFeedCEOJoahPeretti。PerettisaystheTimesshouldn’twastetimegettingoutoftheprintbusiness，tyfyotgtet?！眊tayo2544頁thattransitionwouldmakesenseofthem，”hesaid，“butifyoudiscontinueit，you’regoingtohaveyourmostloyalcustomersreallyupsetwithyou?！盨ometimesthat’sworthmakingachangeanyway。Perettigivestheexampleseenasablunder，”hesaid。Themoveturnedouttobeforesighted。AndifPerettiwouldraiseprices andmakeitintomoreofalegacyproduct。”Themostloyalcustomerswouldstillgettheproducttheyfavor，theideagoesandthey’dfeelliketheywerehelpingsustainthequalityofsomethingtheybelievein?！癝oifyou’reoverpayingforprint，youcouldfeellikeyouwerehelping，”Perettisaid。“Thenincreaseitatahigherrateeachyearandessentiallytrytogenerateadditionalrevenue?！盜notherwords，ifyou’regoingtomakeaprintproduct，makeitforthepeoplewhoarealreadyobsessedwithit。WhichwaybewhattheTimesisdoingalready。Gettingtheprinteditionsevendaysaweekcosts$500ayear—morethantwiceasmuchasadigital-onlysubscription?！癐t’sareallyhardthingtodoandit’satremendousluxurythatBuzzFeeddoesn’thavealegacybusiness，”Perettiremarked?！癇utwe’regoingtohavequestionslikethatwherewehavethingswe’redoingthatdon’tmakesensewhenthemarketchangesandtheworldchanges。Inthosesituations，it’sbettertobemoreaggressivethanlessaggressive?！盩heNewYorkTimesisconsideringendingitsprinteditionpartlydueto[A]thepressurefromitsinvestors。2644頁[B]thecomplaintsfromitsreaders。[C]thehighcostofoperation。[D]theincreasingonlineadsales。37。Perettisuggeststhat，infaceofthepresentsituation，theTimesshould[A]makestrategicadjustments[B]endtheprinteditionforgood。[C]seeknewsourcesofreadership。[D]aimforefficientmanagement。38。ItcanbeinferredformParagraphs5and6thata“l(fā)egacyproduct”[A]willhavethecostofprintingreduced。ismeantforthemostloyalcustomers。[C]helpsrestorethegloryofformertimes。[D]expandsthepopularityofthepaper。39。Perettibelievesthat，inachangingworld，[A]traditionalluxuriescanstayunaffected。[B]aggressivenessbettermeetschallenges。2744頁cautiousnessfacilitatesproblem-solving。[D]legacybusinessesarebecomingoutdated。40。Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetext？[A]MakeYourPrintNewspaperaLuxuryGood。[B]KeepYourNewspapersForeverinFashion。[C]CherishtheNewspaperStillinYourHand。[D]ShifttoOnlineNewspapersAllatOnce。36答案Cthehighcostofoperation首段首句即是此內(nèi)容的同義表達(dá)Theinfrastructureisn‘tjustexpensive；it’sexcessiveatatimewhenonline-onlycompetitorsdon‘thavethesamesetoffinancialconstraints。意思是維持紙質(zhì)印刷的根底設(shè)施建設(shè)不僅僅是貴，是相當(dāng)貴，而他們的競爭對手卻沒有這樣的經(jīng)濟(jì)上的限制。答案Amakestrategicadjustmentsi建議時(shí)代雜志怎么做Peretti說時(shí)代雜志不該鋪張時(shí)間去想著如何停頓紙質(zhì)印刷，而應(yīng)當(dāng)找到一種正確的方法去解決這件事問題。由此推出答案是A做出策略上的調(diào)整。2844頁答案Bismeantforthemostloyalcustomers解析推斷題與詞匯題的結(jié)合要依據(jù)上下文來做出選擇首先定位在第五段最終一句：Iwouldraisepricesandmakeitintomoreofalegacyproduct。不僅要提高價(jià)格還要將它變?yōu)橐环N可以傳承的產(chǎn)物單單這一句缺乏以做出選擇需要連續(xù)往下看在第六段中有沒有對于這個(gè)詞的解釋之類的。第六段開頭提到了他認(rèn)為mostconsumer照舊堅(jiān)持去信任他們認(rèn)為好的東西寵愛的，信任的東西。假設(shè)可以每年增加一些比例，那么照舊是可以創(chuàng)收的。長篇大段的表達(dá)可以讓大家明白這個(gè)詞肯定跟consumer有關(guān)。最為關(guān)鍵的是：緊接著消滅了in otherworld，重述上文，不過卻簡潔的總結(jié)了前文。假設(shè)我們要做這些printproduct，那就選擇那些已經(jīng)癡迷于他們的人吧?！材敲磳τ谒麄儊碇v就是一件可以傳承的東西了以前寵愛會照舊寵愛下去所以這句為做題的關(guān)鍵對應(yīng)同義替換，選擇B。A選項(xiàng)中的降低本錢沒有在文中相應(yīng)位置涉及到。C重建以往的關(guān)榮，與消費(fèi)者關(guān)系不大D答案 Baggressivenessbettermeetschallenges解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。偏細(xì)節(jié)題。定位Peretti在文中的觀點(diǎn)，首次消滅在第三段overhead…butrushingtoeliminateitsprinteditionwouldbeamistake。并且始終貫穿于下文。我們首先從選項(xiàng)來看。A中…canstayunaffected過于確定，不選。D選項(xiàng)中l(wèi)egacybusiness不是文中的爭論話題，所以可以直接排解。而C選項(xiàng)中慎重可以促進(jìn)問題的解決，在perreti的觀點(diǎn)中根本沒有表達(dá)，相反他建議要有所轉(zhuǎn)變，并且要找對方式，言下之意就是大膽去面對挑戰(zhàn)。所以最終確定是B。2944頁答案 AMakeYourPrintNewspaperaLuxuryGood解析：主旨題。消滅在最終一道題目中，全文共有7段，依據(jù)上面的細(xì)節(jié)題目，大致可以確定本文的中心詞為“printnewspaper”B，C兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的newspaper都屬于范D選項(xiàng)中消滅的onlinenewspaper只是文中printnewspaper時(shí)提到的一個(gè)面臨的一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)，缺乏以引領(lǐng)全文，并且allatonce，是“馬上，馬上”之意，與原文的觀點(diǎn)也有出入，最終確定選A。PartBDirections：Inthefollowingarticle，somesentenceshavebeenremoved。ForQuestions41-45，choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthed。eeoa，hottnyfe。MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1。〔10points〕[A]Createanewimageofyourself[B]Decideifthetimeisright[C]Haveconfidenceinyourself[D]Understandthecontext[E]Workwithprofessionals[F]Knowyourgoals3044頁[G]MakeitefficientNomatterhowformalorinformatheworkenvironment，thewayyoupresentyourselfhasanimpact。Thisisespeciallytrueinfirstimpressions。AccordingtoresearchfromPrincetonUniversity，peopleassessyourcompetence，trustworthiness，andlikeabilityinjustatenthofasecond，solelybasedonthewayyoulook。Thedifferencebetweentoday’sworkplaceandthe“dressforsuccess”eraisthattherangeofoptionsissomuchbroader。Normshaveevolvedandfragmented。Insomesettings，redsneakersordressT-shirtscanconveystatus；inothersnotsomuch。Plus，whateverimagewepresentismagnifiedbysocial-mediaserviceslikeLinkedIn。Chancesare，yoursenmuchmorenwnaero。，itseems，facetheparadoxofbeingtheleastformalgenerationyetthemostconsciousofstyleandpersonalbranding。Itcanbeconfusing。Sohowdowenavigatethis？Howdoweknowwhentoinvestinan？dsetyolfeters aresometips；41。Asanexecutivecoach，I’veseenimageupgradesbeparticularlyhelpfulduringtransitions---whenlookingforanewjob，steppingintoanewormore3144頁publicrole，orchangingworkenvironments。Ifyou’reinaperiodofchangeorjustfeelingstuckandinarut，nowmaybeagoodtime。Ifyou’renotsure，askforhonestfeedbackfromtrustedfriends，colleaguesandprofessionals。Lookforcuesabouthowothersperceiveyou.Maybethere’snoneedforanupgradeandthat’sOK。42。 Getclearonwhatimpactyou’rehopingtohave。Areyoulookingtorefreshyourimageorpivotit？Foroneperson，thegoalmaybetobetakenmoreseriouslyandenhancetheirprofessionalimage。Foranother，itmaybetobeperceivedasmoreapproachable，ormoremodernandstylish。Forsomeonemovingfromfinancetoadvertising，maybetheywanttolookmore“SoHo”?！睮t’sOKtousecharacterizationslikethat?！?3。Lookatyourworkenvironmentlikeananthropologist Whatarethenormsofyourenvironment？Whatconverysstatus？Whoareyourmostimportantaudiences？Howdothepeopleyourespectandlookuptopresentthemselves？Thebetteryouunderstandtheculturalcontext，themorecontrolyoucanhaveoveryourimpact。44。3244頁Enlistthesupportofprofessionalsandsharewiththemyourgoalsandcontext。Hireapersonalstylist，orusethefreestylingserviceofastorelikeJ.Crew。Tryahairstylistinsteadofabarber。Workwithaprofessionalinsteadofyourspouseorfriend。It’snotasexpensiveasyoumightthink。45。Thepointofastyleupgradeisn’ttobecomemorevainortospendmoretimepassingov