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本文格式為Word版,下載可任意編輯——高三語法總結(jié)

高三語法復(fù)習(xí)內(nèi)容

語法復(fù)習(xí)一:句子成分語法復(fù)習(xí)二、主謂一致語法復(fù)習(xí)三:名詞性從句語法復(fù)習(xí)四:定語從句

語法復(fù)習(xí)五:強(qiáng)調(diào)句、It的用法、省略和插入語語法復(fù)習(xí)六:狀語從句語法復(fù)習(xí)七:倒裝句語法復(fù)習(xí)八:動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)語法復(fù)習(xí)九:非謂語動(dòng)詞

語法復(fù)習(xí)十:動(dòng)詞的語氣——虛擬語氣語法復(fù)習(xí)十一:助動(dòng)詞與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

語法復(fù)習(xí)一:句子成分;簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句

一、句子成分

(一)句子成分的定義:構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主語和謂語;次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語和同位語。

(二)主語:主語是一個(gè)句子所表達(dá)的主體,一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句(當(dāng)主語不疑問詞時(shí))和倒裝句中,主語位于謂語、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如:

Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(名詞)

WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代詞)

One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.(數(shù)詞)Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.(動(dòng)名詞)

Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名詞化的形容詞)

WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主語從句)

Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(it作形式主語,真正的主語為后面的不定式)

(三)謂語:謂語說明主語所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語,一般放在主語之后。謂語的構(gòu)成如下:1、簡單謂語:由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成。如:Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2、復(fù)合謂語:(1)由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如:Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.(2)由系動(dòng)詞加表語構(gòu)成。如:Wearestudents.(四)表語:表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài),它一般位于系動(dòng)詞(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。例如:OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名詞)Isityours?(代詞)

Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容詞)Thespeechisexciting.(分詞)

Threetimessevenistwentyone?(數(shù)詞)HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)

Hishobby(愛好)isplayingfootball.(動(dòng)名詞)Themachinemustbeoutoforder.(介詞短語)Timeisup.Theclassisover.(副詞)

Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表語從句)

(五)賓語:賓語表示動(dòng)作的對象或承愛者,一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如:Theywenttoseeanexhibition(展覽)yesterday.(名詞)

Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.(代詞)Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(數(shù)詞)

Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.(名詞化形容詞)Hepretendednottoseeme.(不定式短語)

Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(動(dòng)名詞短語)Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(賓語從句)賓語種類:(1)雙賓語(間接賓語+直接賓語),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.(2)復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓補(bǔ)),例如:Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.

(六)賓語補(bǔ)足語:英語中有些及物動(dòng)詞,除有一個(gè)直接賓語以外,還要有一個(gè)賓

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語補(bǔ)語,才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語的一般句型為:某些及物動(dòng)詞(如make等+賓語+賓補(bǔ))。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。例如:

HisfathernamedhimDongming.(名詞)Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.(形容詞)Letthefreshairin.(副詞)Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.(不定式短語)Wesawherenteringtheroom.(現(xiàn)在分詞)Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.(介詞短語)Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(從句)

(七)定語:修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語可由以下等成分表示:

Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容詞)

Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分詞)Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.(名詞)HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.(代詞)

Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短語)Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(動(dòng)名詞)HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介詞短語)

(八)狀語:修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子,說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分,叫做狀語??捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆?/p>

Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副詞及副詞性詞組)Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介詞短語)

Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination(.不定式短語)Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.(分詞短語)Waitaminute.(名詞)Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.(狀語從句)狀語種類如下:

Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?(時(shí)間狀語)

Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.(原因狀語)Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.(條件狀語)MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.(地點(diǎn)狀語)

Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(方式狀語)Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.(伴隨狀語)

Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.(目的狀語)Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.(結(jié)果狀語)Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.(讓步狀語)Iamtallerthanheis.(比較狀語)

練習(xí)一

一、指出以下句子劃線部分是什么句子成分:

1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.

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10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest,yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.二、用符號劃出以下短文各句中的主語(—)、謂語(=)、賓語(~):

Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.

三、用符號劃出以下短文各句中的定語(—)、狀語(=)、補(bǔ)語(~):

MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.

四、選擇填空:

()1.____willleaveforBeijing.

A.NowtherethemanB.ThemanherenowC.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow()2.Theweather____.

A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold()3.Theappletasted____.

A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.

A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter()5.Theactor______attheageof70.

A.deadB.diedC.dyedD.deaded()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.

A.We,usB.Us,weC.We,ourD.We,we()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.

A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.

A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis()9.Thedog____mad.

A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked()10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.

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A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.where

二、簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句

(一)句子種類兩種分類法

1、按句子的用途可分四種:1)陳述句(確定、否定):Heissixyearsold;Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.2)疑問句(一般、特別、選擇、反意):Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can’tshe?

3)祈使句:Becareful,boys;Don’ttalkinclass4)慨嘆句:Howclevertheboyis!2、按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種:

1)簡單句:只有一個(gè)主語(或并列主語)和一個(gè)謂語(或并列謂語)。e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.2)并列句:由并列連詞(and,but,or等)或分號(;)把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡單句連在一起構(gòu)成。e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。

3)復(fù)合句:含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子。復(fù)合句包含:名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句)、定語從句和狀語從句等。

e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.(二)簡單句的五種基本句型

1、主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語:e.g.Heisastudent.2、主語+不及物動(dòng)詞:e.g.Wework.

3、主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語:e.g.Henryboughtadictionary.4、主語+及物動(dòng)詞+雙賓語(間接賓語+直接賓語):e.g.Myfatherboughtmeacar.5、主語+及物動(dòng)詞+復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓補(bǔ)):e.g.Tommadethebabylaugh.注:其他各種句子都可由這一種基本句型擴(kuò)展、變化或省略而構(gòu)成。

(三)并列句的分類

1、表示連接兩個(gè)同等概念,常用and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,then等連接。e.g.Theteacher’snameisSmith,andthestudent’snameisJohn.2、表示選擇,常用的連詞有or,either…or…,otherwise等。e.g.Hurryup,oryou’llmissthetrain.3、表示轉(zhuǎn)折,常用的連詞

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