2020屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)語法突破17：【詞性轉(zhuǎn)換】附答案

2020屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)語法突破17【詞性轉(zhuǎn)換】高考英語詞性轉(zhuǎn)換（構(gòu)詞法）速查速記考點一、動詞、形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞的規(guī)律1.動詞變名詞的后綴后綴例詞-ion/-tion/sion/ationexpect^expectation 期望correct^correction 改正celebrate^celebration慶祝；慶祝會attractfattraction 吸弓1conclude^conclusion結(jié)論discussfdiscussion討論；辯論特殊：explainfexplanation解釋admitfadmission接納；準(zhǔn)許入學(xué)competefcompetition比賽，競爭pronouncefpronunciation發(fā)音describefdescription寸描寫decidefdecision 決定invitefinvitation 邀請graduatefgraduation 畢業(yè)-er/-ordrivefdriver 司機；駕駛員announcefannouncer 廣播員conductfconductor 指揮；售票員-mentpunishfpunishment 懲罰achievefachievement功績；成就treatftreatment對待；治療equipfequipment裝備；設(shè)備governfgovernment政府特殊：arguefargument辯論；論據(jù)-ance/-enceappearfappearance 出現(xiàn)；夕卜貌performfperformance表演；節(jié)目existfexistence存在；生存preferfpreference偏愛

refer-reference參考；查閱特殊：guide-guidance指引；指導(dǎo)-ingbegin-beginning 開去臺-ure/-turefail-failure 失敗；倒閉press-pressure壓力depart-departure 離開；出發(fā)mix-mixture混合；混合物特殊：expose-exposure暴露-yrecover-recovery恢復(fù)；痊愈discover-discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)其他choose-choice 選擇vary-variety多樣化；種類tend-tendency趨向；趨勢2.形容詞變名詞的后綴后綴例詞-ageshort-shortage 不足；短缺-cyaccurate-accuracy 準(zhǔn)確性private-privacy隱私；私密efficient-efficiency效率；功效fluent-fluency 流利；流暢-domfree-freedom 自由；自主特殊：wise-wisdom明智；智慧bored-boredom厭煩-ence/-ancedifferent-difference 差異silent-silence沉默patient-patience而寸心absent-absence缺席present-presence出席confident-confidence信心convenient-convenience便利important-importance重要-nessweak-weakness 虛弱；弱點

kind-kindness仁慈；好意careless-carelessness粗心大意-thwarm-warmth 溫暖；熱情特殊：strong-strength力氣；強項deep-depth深度long-length長度wide-width寬度-y/-ty/-ityhonest-honesty 誠實difficult-difficulty困難safe-safety安全cruel-cruelty殘酷；殘暴特殊：responsible-responsibility責(zé)任disable-disability無能；傷殘考點二、名詞或動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞的規(guī)律后綴例詞-ableaccept-acceptable可接受的comfort-comfortable舒適的fashion-fashionable時髦的suit-suitable合適的reason-reasonable有道理的almusic-musical音樂的origin-original最初的person-personal個人的；私人的center-central中央的；中心的nature-natural 自然的；天生的-fuldoubt-doubtful懷疑的forget-forgetful健忘的harm-harmful有害的hope-hopeful有希望的peace-peaceful和平的-edscare-scared感到恐懼的

confuse-confused感到困惑的underline-underlined加下劃線的-ingsurprise-surprising令人驚異的convince-convincing令人信服的satisfy-satisfying令人滿意的ibleaccess-accessible 容易取得的horror-horrible 可怕的；恐怖的terror-terrible 可怕的-iveact-active 積極的；活躍的effect-effective有效的；生效的attract-attractive有吸引力的impress-impressive給人深刻印象的-ouscontinue-continuous不斷的；持續(xù)的anxiety-anxious憂慮的caution-cautious十分小心的；謹慎的curiosity-curious好奇的humor-humorous幽默的-sometire-tiresome 令人厭倦的trouble-troublesome麻煩的-ytaste-tasty 美味的；可口的health-healthy健康的wealth-wealthy富裕的；豐富的-erneast-eastern 東方的；向東的-ishchild-childish孩子氣的fool-foolish 愚蠢的；可笑的self-selfish 自私的注意：-ed形容詞多表示主語所處的狀態(tài)，意為“感到……的”，通常修飾人；-ing形容詞多表示主語所具有的特征，意為“令人……的”，通常修飾物或事?？键c三、形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞的規(guī)律類別例詞直接加-lyclearfclearly清楚地greatfgreatly彳艮，大大地以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的形容詞，變y為i再加-lyhappyfhappily鬲興地heavyfheavily沉重地詞尾為ble/le的形容詞，去掉e,再加-yterriblefterribly可怕地；極度地gentlefgently輕輕地詞尾為ue的形容詞，去掉e再加-lytrueftruly 真實地詞尾為ll的形容詞，直接加-yfullffully 充分地；完全地dullfdully遲鈍地詞尾為-ic的形容詞，加-allybasicfbasically主要地，基本上scientificfscientifically合乎科學(xué)地注意：以下形容詞變副詞的拼寫：wholefwholly完全地shy^shyly害羞地dryfdryly/drily干燥地答題技巧點撥理清兩種情況，突破詞性轉(zhuǎn)換一、從句法功用上看，理清”修飾與被修飾”.名詞在句中作賓語，放在冠詞、形容詞或形容詞性物主代詞之后。Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher (educate).［分析］education前面有形容詞性物主代詞her,此處應(yīng)該使用動詞educate的名詞形式education作賓語。SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,wholivedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthe (develop)ofchopsticks.［分析］development考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)化。根據(jù)空前面的the和空后面的of可知，此處需要名詞。.形容詞在句中作定語，常放在名詞之前。ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenlystopjustinthemiddleoftheroad.［分析］suddenlyfsudden此處需要用形容詞修飾后面的名詞stop,表示“突然的停止”。.形容詞在句中作表語，常放在be,get,become,remain等系動詞后。Atonetime,Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn'tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreelyfromthem.［分析］freelyffree此處需要用形容詞作表語。befreefromthem“擺脫他們”。.形容詞在句中作賓語補足語，之前常有使役動詞、感官動詞或介詞with加名詞或代詞。AsIwalked,Ilookedup,tryingtorealizewhatmadethisdayso (beauty).［分析］beautiful使役動詞make之后跟復(fù)合賓語，用形容詞作賓語補足語。.副詞在句中修飾動詞。Thetitlewillbe(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.［分析］officially此處表示(大使)這個頭銜將在倫敦的一個儀式上正式授予給我，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，應(yīng)該使用副詞officially作狀語修飾動詞given。.副詞在句中修飾形容詞或其他副詞。DadandIwereterribleworried.［分析］terriblefterribly此處應(yīng)用副詞terribly修飾形容詞worried0.副詞用在句首，修飾整個句子，表示狀態(tài)、原因等。(lucky),healsohadacowwhichproducedmilkeveryday.［分析］Luckily此處為副詞用于句首，表示狀態(tài)。.要特別注意有使役用法的動詞的分詞形式用作形容詞時的區(qū)別。如amazed常修飾人的內(nèi)心感受，表示“吃驚的"；amazing常修飾事物，表示“令人吃驚的”。Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousand(disappoint).［分析］disappointeddisappointed和前面的anxious并列，表示人的內(nèi)心活動，應(yīng)使用-ed形式的形容詞，此處表示“他們中有些人看起來既焦慮又失望”。二、從“詞性”變化上看，理清“詞形”的變化特點詞形變化是重點，注意特殊形和變：以e結(jié)尾加-ly,切記true需把-e去；-ble,ple都是去-e加-y。另外需注意形副同形詞。Instead,hehopesthathisbusinesswillgrowsteady.［分析］steadyfsteadily謂語動詞grow是不及物動詞，意為“增長，增強”，此處應(yīng)該使用副詞steadily作狀語修飾grow。growsteadily意為“穩(wěn)定地增長”。Recentstudiesshowthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks (regular).［分析］regularly此處需要用副詞修飾謂語動詞短語“takeshortbreaks”。Myunclesimmediatejumpedupandshottheirarrowsatthebird.［分析］immediatefimmediately此處修飾“jumpedup”,故應(yīng)用副詞形式。高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)語法突破17【詞性轉(zhuǎn)換】測試題一、構(gòu)詞法I.單句語法填空AccordingtoaUNreport,onethirdoftheworldpopulationhaveno(access)tocleandrinkingwaterandhealthcare.Gettingupatnoonispartofhisroutine.Heleadsa(n)(regular)life.Nowadaysyoungpeoplenever(will)lettheircreativitybelimitedbytheirparentsortraditionalrules.Therearemanykindsofreferencebooksavailableinthebookmarket.Asmartuseofthesebooksiscertainly(benefit),butthemisuseandoveruseofthemmaycausealotofproblems.Whatawonderfulexamplethesetwoelderlysistersweretome!Iwillalwaysbe(thank)thatIhadtheopportunitytoknowthem.Themuseum'sonlinestorenowoffersspecialculturaland(create)products.Forexample,in2014,itstartedtomakeT-shirtsthatlooklikeanemperorscoat.The(success)fishermaninvitedtheofficertoaccompanyhimandobserve.It'snotreally(surprise)thatreadingbe-camehervocation.It'sso(comfort)tobeinthatconditionofself-doubtorself-criticismandguilt.Itwasalittlefartohercaranditwasa(fog)dayyesterdayinMissouri.TheTheaterDistrictisapopulartourist(attract)inNewYorkCity.Whenthesalesgirlwalkedintotheshop，shesensedsomething(usual).Cansomeonehavegotin?Theriver(wide)asitflows.DespicableMeissuchan(enjoy)moviethatchildrenallovertheworldloveit.ProfessorHuangisalways(sense)tothereactionofthestudentswhenhegiveslecture，Allstudentswithout(except)musttaketheEnglishexamination.Duringtraining，an(instruct)talkedindetailaboutthesituationinLiberia.Anofficerevenexpectedthattheywouldfacetoughconditionsandloneliness.I'ma(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.The(possible)thatthereislifeonotherplanetsintheuniversehasalwaysinspiredscientiststoexploretheouterspace.AceordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal(globe)fertilizerconsumption.II.單句改錯Iwillbefullyoccupiedinpreparingforanimportancelecturecomingthedayaftertomorrow.Eventually,membersoftheEnglishclubwillexchangegifts.I'msureitwillbeawarmlyget-together.Passingthroughseveralstreets,wesawnoonebutonlyrubbishhereandthere.AnhourlaterIstillcouldn'tbeartokeepmyeyeswidelyopen.However,myfavouritesubjectismusic,especiallyclassicalmusicwhichoftenmakesmyheartpeacefully.Whenpeoplehavehotpottogether,whatrealmattersisnotonlythefoodbutalsotheatmosphere.m.語法語篇填空Oneofthepurposesofchildren'sslang(俚語)l(be)tostopadultsfrombeingabletounderstandwhatthey'resaying.Obviously,thestrategyworks.Arecentresearchshowsthat2majorityofadultscan'ttranslatethemeaningofcommonslang.Inasurveyof4,5000peoplelastmonth,”3wasfoundthat85percentofadultsdidn'tunderstandthetranslationsofemoji(表情符號)andtext.ITheresearcherswarnedthatalackof4(aware)ofwhatchildrenarecommunicatingonlinecanleavethemunprotected,withphrasesthatexpresseatingdisordersandunhappinessnot5 (understand).Foryoungpeoplegrowingupwithtechnology,thisnewlanguagecomes6(natural),butit'sleavingsomeadultsunsureabout7isbeingsaidbytheirchildrenonline.It'simportantforadultstospeaktoyoungpeopleabouthowtheyusesocialmediaandchatonline.CarolineBunting,generalmanageratInternetmatters,said“Whileitisunrealistictoexpectparents8 (know)everypieceofInternetslangtheirchildrenwilleversee,onlinesafetystarts9aconversation.It'svitalforparentstotalktotheirkidsabouttheirdigitalworlds,includingall10 (sort)ofthingstheymightexperienceonlineandthetypesofproblemstobeawareof.二、情景交際I.用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或括號內(nèi)內(nèi)容提示填空---Frank,I,velearnedaboutyourplan.MayImakesomesuggestions?---rightahead.Itdoesn,tmater.---ThankyouforyourKindle.I,llaskTonytotakeitbacktoyousoon.---No,I，veboughtanewone.---Whydidn'tyoucomebacklastnight?Iwaitedlong!---Don'tmethat.Youwereplayinggamesthewholenight.---DoyouthinkIshouldjointhesinginggroup,Mary?---not?IfIwereinyourshoes,Icertainlywould.---Thereisalwayssomuchworktodo.I,mgoingtobedrivenmad.---Keep（冷靜）.It'llbeallright.---Ican'ttoleratetheairpollutionhereanymore.---Youit.We'veneverhadsomanychemicalfactoriesbefore.---ShouldItakethiscourse?---It,syou.Idon'tknowmuchaboutit.---Doyouenjoyyourpresentjobasasalesman?---NotIjustdoitforaliving.---Didyouhavebutterfliesinyourstomachattheinterview?---You（的確； 當(dāng)然）.Thatwasmyfirstjobinterview.---Thefreegiftdoesn'tlookgood.---No，madam，butifyouwantgoodquality，youhavetopayforit.---Alice，remembertoreturnthebooktomorrow.---it.（好的、明白了、理解了），F(xiàn)vealreadyfinishedit：---Whycan'tIusethegyminthehotel?---No（并無惡意，請勿見怪），butyourroompricedoesn'tcoverit.---I'mafraidnobodyelseagreeswithyou.---So（那又怎樣）?I'lldowhatIthinkright!---Whydintyoupaytheaccommodationrent?---Therent?Thatisn't（到期）yettillSunday.---Hello,Sherry.ThisisJohn.I,mcallingfromwork.How'syourmotherfeeling?---That,s（體貼）ofyou.Sheisoutofhospital,butthedoctorsuggestedshestayinbedafewmoredays.II.根據(jù)括號內(nèi)內(nèi)容提示填空---Ouch,mum!Afishbonehasstuckinmyteeth!---care（別緊張，放輕松）,Lucy.Iamcoming.---Itshouldn'ttakelongtoclearupafterthepartyifweallvolunteertohelp.---That'sright.Manyhandslightwork人人多力量大）---Smokingshouldbebannedinpublicplaces.---I,monthat.（在這點上我同意你的觀點）Itisharmfultoboththesmokersandnon-smokers.---Ifeelsoupset.I'mafraidI'llbefiredfortheterribleeconomiccrisis.---up!（振作起來）Thingsarenotsobadastheyseem.---Lucy，couldyoupleasesparemeafewminutes?---Iguess，（我想可以）butIhope“afewminutes"won'tturnintoanhour.---Ittookmeeightyearstobuildupmybusiness，anditalmostkilledme.---Well,youknowwhattheysay.Nopains,（不勞則無獲）---WouldyoumindifIopenthewindow?---you414口'匕（我希望你不開）Ifeelabitcold.---What'sthematter?Youreallylookdown.---Mindyourown（不關(guān)你的事兒）---Well,betterlucknexttime.---Peter,youseeminhighspirits.---Guess?（你猜怎么著）Ihavebeenofferedapart-timejobintheKFC.---Excuseme,Miss,butmayIshareyourtable?---Ofcourse.Bemy.（請自便）---Ifeelnervouswhentakinganexam.---Takeit（別緊張，放輕松）andyoucandoitwell.---Soyoumissedthefootballmatchheldyesterday?---exactly.（不完全是）Igotthere15minutesbeforetheendofit.---Therewon'tbeanywheretopark.均---Oh,that'sagood（很有道理，說得好）Let'strythesubway.---Iwillbeavicepresidentinayearortwo.---Youcan'tbeserious!Iwouldn'tonit.我看不一定）---YoujustmissedJimmy.He'shavingameeting.---Oh,that'sa（太遺憾了）Doyouknowwhenhewillbeback?---Don'tworry,Mum.Thedoctorsaiditwasonlytheflu.---Whata!（真讓人輕松）I'lltelldadthere'snothingserious.---Areyougoingtotakepartinthespeechcontest?---That'sfor（肯定的）Itistoogoodanopportunitytomiss高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)語法突破17【詞性轉(zhuǎn)換】測試題答案詳解一、構(gòu)詞法I.單句語法填空1.access句意：根據(jù)聯(lián)合國的一則報告，世界上三分之一的人喝不到干凈的飲用水，得不到好的醫(yī)療保2.irregular從前面的Gettingupatnoon可知，他的生活不規(guī)律，因此用regular的反義詞irregularo.willingly句意：如今年輕人從不愿意讓他們的創(chuàng)造力受到父母或傳統(tǒng)規(guī)則的限制?？崭裉幱脕硇揎椫^語動詞let,應(yīng)用副詞，will先轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞willing,willing的副詞形式是在其后直接加-ly。.beneficial考查形容詞。此處應(yīng)用形容詞作系動詞is的表語。.thankful考查形容詞。be動詞后一般跟形容詞作表語，故此處應(yīng)用形容詞形式。.creative此處應(yīng)用形容詞修飾空后的名詞。7.successful句意：這位成功的漁夫邀請長官來陪伴觀察。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知所填詞位于名詞前做定語，用形容詞。8.surprising本句中的it指代后面that從句的內(nèi)容：根據(jù)句意用以修飾一件事情，所以使用現(xiàn)在分詞轉(zhuǎn)換的形容詞surprising“令人驚訝的”做表語。.uncomfortable根據(jù)空后的self-doubtorself-criticismandguilt判斷前面應(yīng)填“不舒服的”，It's后應(yīng)用形容詞做表語，故填uncomfortableo.foggy此處為形容詞做定語，修飾名詞day,故用foggy。.attraction句意：劇院區(qū)是紐約一個很受歡迎的旅游勝地。設(shè)空處作is的表語，其前有不定冠詞a及populartourist修飾，應(yīng)用名詞單數(shù)。.unusual句意：當(dāng)女售貨員走進商店的時候，她察覺到了異常的情況，可能有人進來過了嗎?這里用usual的反義詞unusual,表示“不尋常的”。.widens句意：這條河越流越寬。句子缺少謂語，因此要用動詞。wide的動詞形式是widen,又因主語是theriver,因此用第三人稱單數(shù)widenso.enjoyable句意：《神偷奶爸》是一部如此令人喜歡的電影以至于全世界的孩子都喜歡?？疾樾稳菰~。分析句子成分可知，此空應(yīng)用形容詞作定語修飾movieo.sensitive句意；黃教授講課時對學(xué)生的反應(yīng)總是很敏感?？疾樾稳菰~。設(shè)空處應(yīng)用形容詞作表語，sensitive敏感的； 體貼的。besensitiveto對敏感。16.exception句意；所有學(xué)生都必須參加英語考試，無一例外?？疾楣潭ǘ陶Z。withoutexception無一例外。17.instructor句意：在訓(xùn)練期間，教官詳細介紹了利比亞局勢。一位官員甚至預(yù)計他們會面臨艱苦的條件和孤獨。本題考查名詞。根據(jù)空前面的不定冠詞an可知，應(yīng)該填單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，再結(jié)合句意可知答案。18.scientist前面有冠詞a,所以此處要用單數(shù)名詞。且根據(jù)后面的who可知，填scientist。.possibility句意：宇宙中其他行星上存在生命這種可能性一直激勵著科學(xué)家們?nèi)ヌ剿魍獠刻?。根?jù)前面的the可知，所填的詞應(yīng)是名詞形式。故填possibilityo.global此處修飾名詞短語fertilizerconsumption,其前需用形容詞修飾，故填globaloII.單句改錯.importance-important句意：我講忙著準(zhǔn)備后天的一個重要的演講。根據(jù)該句中的名詞lecture可知，應(yīng)用形容詞important修飾lecture,表示“重要的演講”。.warmly一warm此處修飾名詞get-together應(yīng)用形容詞warm。.widely-wide考查副詞，空處修飾形容詞open,故用副詞形式：wide本身就有副詞詞性，意為“完全地”。注意：此處不能填widely,widely主要表示距離遠、范圍大、地域廣等。.peacefully-peaceful句意:然而我最喜愛的科目是音樂.尤其是常常會使我心情平靜的古典音樂。動詞make之后通常有復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)，即，后@k?十賓語+賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語補足語通常由形容詞充當(dāng)。.realfreally此處修飾謂語matters，應(yīng)用副詞。matter作動詞講時，意為“要緊”。III.語篇語法填空【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)大多數(shù)的成年人不明白兒童俚語表達的意義。l.is考查主謂一致.主語是One,be動詞用單數(shù)，而且講述的是客觀事實，應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時。.the/a考查冠詞。the/amajorityof是固定搭配，表示“大多數(shù)的”。.it考查代詞。Itisfoundthat是固定句型，表示“據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn)”。.awareness考查名詞。由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處需要用名詞作alackof的賓語。.understood考查非謂語動詞。此處為with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，phrases與understand之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞表示被動。.naturally考查副詞。修飾動詞comes用副詞。.what考查賓語從句。此處為賓語從句，從句中缺少賓語，故填what..toknow考查非謂語動詞。expectsbtodo表示“希望某人做某事”。.with考查介詞。startwith表示“從...開始”10.sorts考查名詞。Allsortsof表示“各種各樣的”。二、情景交際I.根據(jù)括號內(nèi)內(nèi)容提示填空.GoGorightahead“直接說吧”。根據(jù)句意“弗蘭克，我聽說了你的計劃。我可以提些建議嗎?”可知答案。.hurry考查情景交際。句意：一謝謝你的電子書閱讀器。一會兒我讓托尼給你還回去。一-不急。我已買了個新的。Nosense沒道理；Nohurry不急；Noway沒門；Nouse沒用的。根據(jù)后一句說boughtanewone（買了個新的），故答話人是不急的。.give解析Don'tgivemethat“少來這套”句意：昨晚你為什么沒有回來?我等了很久!一一少來這套你整晚都在玩游戲。.Why根據(jù)回答可知；第二個人贊成他加入這個唱歌團體，故用whynot,為什么不呢？.cool解析Keepcool保持冷靜，沉住氣。分析句意可知，是對于有很多工作要做而發(fā)瘋的一種勸告：要冷靜。6.saidYousaidi“你說得對”表示同意上面的觀點。句意；我再也受不了這里的污染了。一你說得對，以前從沒有這么多化工廠。.upto---我應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)這門課程嗎？---由你決定，我對它不是很了解。It,suptoyou由你決定。.really解析Notreally"不是真地（不真正地）”。句意：---