大學(xué)物理試驗(yàn)其次版課后作業(yè)參考答案 清華大學(xué)出版社

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1、（1）74.63±0.05cm或746.3±0.5mm（2）7.25±0.01cm或72.5±0.1mm（3）42.6±0.2s（4）27.6±0.2℃（5）2.734±0.001v2、（1）2位（2）7位（3）5位（4）6位（5）5位（6）2位3、(1)299300=2.99300?105；983±4=?9.83?0.04??102；0.00400=4.00?10?3

0.004521?0.000001=?4.521?0.001??10?3；32476?105=3.2476?109；(2)15.48g=1.548?104mg=1.548?10?2Kg

(3)m=312.670±0.002Kg=(3.1267±0.00002)?105g=(3.12670±0.00002)?108mg(4)t?17.9±0.1S=0.298±0.002min=(2.98±0.02)×10-1min4、（1）N=10.8±0.2cm

（2）首位數(shù)碼“0〞不是有效數(shù)字，未位數(shù)碼“0〞是有效數(shù)字，正確答案是四位有效數(shù)字。（3）28cm=2.8?102mm280mm=28.0cm（4）L=（3.8±0.2）?104mm

（5）0.0221?0.0221=“0.00048841〞?0.000488

400?1500?4.10?103（6）

12.60?11.60115、（1）X=(4.113+4.198+4.152+4.147+4.166+4.154+4.132+4.170)=?33.232

88=4.154cm??=

{8??1[(4.154-4.113)

8?1?2+(4.154-4.198)2+(4.154-4.152)2

+(4.154-4.147)2+(4.154-4.166)2+(4.154-4.154)2+(4.154-4.132)2+(4.154-4.170)2]

}

12?0.00904～０.009cm

X=X±?x=4.154±0.009cm或X=X±?x=4.15±0.01cmE=

0.0090.01?100%=0.22%或E=?100%=0.23%

4.154.154注：使用計(jì)算器時計(jì)算過程中有效數(shù)字的位數(shù)可以不考慮，最終結(jié)果應(yīng)依照教材P6的“不確定度

取位規(guī)則〞和“測量有效數(shù)字取位規(guī)則〞。

(2)、X=

117.413（2.904+2.902+2.900+2.903+2.900+2.904）==2.902167cm661

??=

{6??1(0.002

6?1?2+0.0002+0.0022+0.0012+0.0022+0.0022)

}

12

=

0.000017?0.0008cm300.0008?100%=0.028%

2.9022X±?x=2.9022±0.0008cmE=(3)X=

12.0321（2.010+2.010+2.011+2.012+2.009+1.980）=?2.0053cm

6612?x=

[6??1(0.0047

6?1?2+0.00472+0.00572+0.00672+0.00372+0.02532)

]

=

0.00077534?0.005cm

300.005?100%=0.25%2.005X±?x=2.005±0.005cmE=?6、（1）N?N??A???B???C??????????A??B??C?22222??2?????（2）P??U???R?

P?U??R?（3）㏑f=㏑U+㏑V-㏑(U-V)

dfdUdVd?U?V??11?1??1dU???=??+????dV

fUVU?V?UU?V??VU?V?VUdU?dV

U?U?V?V?U?V?22=-

?????fVU???????U?V????f?U?U?V???V?U?V??(4)㏑N=㏑m+㏑g+㏑r+㏑R+2㏑T-2㏑4?-㏑l

?㏑N1?㏑N1?㏑N1?㏑N????0?mm?rr?RR?g2

?lnN?lnN2?lnN1?0??????TT?ll?N???m???r???R??2?T???l???????????????????N???m??r??R??T??l???22222127、??mm4m4?149.183??2??11.084gcm2V12?dh?dh3.142?2.04?4.124??????2??????0.05??2?0.01??0.01???m???d???h?=?????????0.00735?mdh149.182.042.04????????????2222223??=0.00735×11.083≈0.081≈0.09gcm

∴?????11.08±0.09gcm

8．解：a?3????0.09?100％≈0.81％11.081?a1?a2?a3?a4?a5??1??2.01?2.00?2.04?1.98?1.97??2.00cm552s?a?2.002?4.00cm2L?4a?4?2.00?8.00cm

?1?0.05?0.03cm?A??0.012?0.002?0.042?0.022?0.032??0.02cm;?B?5(5?1)3????12?a??A??B?0.022?0.032?0.036?0.04cm

?s?2a?a?2?2.00?0.04?0.16cm2?0.2cm2?L?4?a?4?0.04?0.2cm∴S±?s=4.0±0.2cm2

?s0.2??100％=5％S4.0?0.2L±?L?8.0?0.2cmL:??100%=2.5％

L8.09、四則運(yùn)算法

(1)478.2(2)49.27

+3.462-3.4——————————481.66245.87

∴478.2+3.462=481.7∴49.27-3.4=45.9

(3)834.5

×23.9———————75105

25035

3

1669

———————19944.55∴834.5×23.9＝1.994?104

(4)

∴2569.4÷19.5=132(5)?7.325?2?53.66(6)32.8?5.73

(7)lg7.357=0.86670.86670(8)2.0?10?5+2345=2345(9)

76.00076.000??2.000(10)2.00?105+2345=2.02?105

40.00?2.038.0100.0?10.0100.0??5.6?4.412?+110.0=+110.0=4.76+110.0=114.8

21.0?10.000?98.00?77.0??10.000(11)

(12)

89.04678??3.0811?1.98?89.04678?1.10==3?10

3310．由不確定度傳遞公式計(jì)算以下函數(shù)。

(1)x?3.14,ex??解：計(jì)算y?ex?e3.14?\計(jì)算不確定度如下設(shè)y?e,則lny?lne?x,相對不確定度為xx?yy??x

取?x?0.01計(jì)算,?y?E?y?0.01?23.10386685~0.3?y?23.14

(2)x?3?10?5,10x??解:計(jì)算y?10x?103?10?5?\設(shè)y?10x,則lny?ln10x?xln10,相對不確定度為取?x?1?10?5,計(jì)算?y?ln10??x?y?ln10?1?10?5?1.00006908?2.3?10?5~3?10?5?y?1.00007?yy?ln10??x

(3).x?5.48,x??解:?x?0.01,設(shè)y?x,則y?5.48?\??10.01lny?lnx?lnx,E?y?x??0.00092

2y2x2?5.48?y?y?E?0.003?y?2.341(4)..x?9.80,lnx??解:?x?0.01,設(shè)..y?lnx,則..y?ln9.80?\10.01?x??0.001x9.80?y?2.282?y?'(5).x?0.5376,sinx??,tgx??解:?x?0.0001,設(shè)..y1?sinx,y2?tgx

則...y1?sin0.5376?\y2?tg0.5376?\

?y1?cosx?x?cos0.5376?0.0001~0.00009?y1?0.5120810.00010