2021-2022年內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)包頭市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)

2021-2022年內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)包頭市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

Oldpeopleshouldn'tbothertochangetheireatinghabitsbecauseit'stoolateforittodothemanygood.

A.YB.NC.NG

2.FoodsThatFightDisease

Withremarkableconsistency,recentresearchhasfoundthatadiethighinplant-basedfoods—fruits,vegetables,driedpeasandbeans,grains,andstarchystaplessuchaspotatoes—isthebody'sbestweaponinthwartingmanyhealth-relatedproblems.Thesefoodsworkagainstsomanydiseasesthatthesamehealthyingredientsyoumightusetoprotectyourheartorwardoffcancerwillalsobenefityourintestinaltractandbones.

Here'swhatiscurrentlyknownaboutthesedifferentdisease-fightingfoods.CancerFighters

Preventingcancerisacompellingreasontoloadupyourcartintheproducedepartment.Scientistshaverecentlyestimatedthatapproximately30to40percentofallcancerscouldbeavertedifpeopleatemorefruits,vegetables,andplant-basedfoodsandminimizedhigh-fat,high-calorieediblesthathavescantnutritionalvalue.Upto70percentofcancersmightbeeliminatedifpeoplealsostoppedsmoking,exercisedregularly,andcontrolledtheirweight.

Inthepast,researchershadlinkedfatconsumptionwiththedevelopmentofcancers,buttheycurrentlybelievethateatingfruits,vegetables,andgrainsmaybemoreimportantinpreventingthediseasethannoteatingfat."Theevidenceaboutahigh-fatdietandcancerseemedalotstrongerseveralyearsagothanitdoesnow,"saysMelaniePolk,aregistereddietitiananddirectorofnutritioneducationattheAmericanInstituteforCancerResearch.

Althoughscientistsarestillnotcertainaboutthespecifics,they'rebeginningtocloseinonthehealthfulconstituentsofplant-basedfoods.Inparticular,they'relookingcloselyattwocomponentsantioxidantsandphytochemicals.

Antioxidants.Theantioxidants(carotenoids,suchasbetacaroteneandlycopene,andvitaminsCandE)foundinfruits,vegetables,andotherplant-basedfoodsfightfreeradicals,whicharecompoundsinthebodythatattackanddestroycellmembranes.Theuncontrolledactivityoffreeradicalsisbelievedtocausemanycancers.

Thecarotenoids,inparticular,whichgivefruitsandvegetablestheirbrightyellow,orange,andredcolors,arenowgainingrecognitionfortheirnutritionalworth.Numerousstudieshaveextolledthevirtuesoflycopene(thecarotenoidthatmakestomatoesred)inpreventingprostatecancer.OnesuchstudyatHarvardUniversityfoundthatmenwhoincludetomatoproductsintheirmealstwiceaweekcouldreducetheirriskofdevelopingprostatecancerbyonethirdcomparedwithmenwhonevertouchtomatoes.

Otherlycopene-richfoods,suchaswatermelon,redgrapefruit,andguava,arenowpiquingtheinterestofresearchers.Watermelonnotonlyyieldsmorelycopeneperserving(15mgin11/2cups)thanrawtomatoes(11mgper11/2cups),butit'salsoarichsourceofvitaminsAandC.

Canwatermelonhelpreducetheincidenceofcancer?Nooneknowsforsurebecausetherehaven'tbeensufficientstudies."Weassumethatwe'llseebenefits,"saysPenelopePerkinsVeazie,Ph.D.,aresearchscientistwiththeUSDA'sAgriculturalResearchService.Researchersthereplantocomparepeoplewhoeatwatermelonwiththosewhoeatprocessedtomatoesbecausecookingenhanceslycopeneabsorption—oseewhichgroupabsorbsmorelycopene.(A11/2cupservingoftomatosaucepacks53mgoflycopene.)

Phytochemicals.Thephytochemicalspresentinfruitsandvegetablesprotectthebodybystuntingthegrowthofmalignantcells.Phytochemicals,naturallyoccurringsubstances,includeindoles([生化]吲哚)incabbageorcauliflower,saponins([生化]皂角苷)inpeasandbeans,andisoflavones(異黃酮)insoymilkandtofu.Investigatorshaveonlyaninklingofhowmanyphytochemicalsexistandhowtheywork.Theyareconfident,however,thatyoucangetabasketfulofanti-cancernutrientsbymi

A.YB.NC.NG

3.

Apolicemancanstopacartolookforevidenceleadingtoasearchifhefindsitmatching______.

4.

Epinicianodesaswellasthestatuesandinscriptionsallservedthefunctionof______.

5.

IntheUnitedStates,thefuelingstationsofferingforfillingnaturalgashavereachedto______.

A.1,300B.500C.1,500D.2,500

6.

ThebookThePlayofPowerisnotdifficulttoread,sinceitisnot______.

7.

Itis______thatplaystheleadingroleintheethnicintermixingoftheU.S.

8.

Thecareerinflectionpointcandeterminewhetherabusinesscansucceedornot.

A.YB.NC.NG

9.TheGeodesicDome(圓頂屋)--theHouseoftheFuture?

R.BuckminsterFullerspentmuchoftheearly20thCenturylookingforwaystoimprovehumanshelterbyapplyingmoderntechnologicalknow-howtoshelterconstruction,makingsheltermorecomfortableandefficient,andmoreeconomicallyavailabletoagreaternumberofpeople.

Afteracquiringsomeexperienceinthebuildingindustryanddiscoveringthetraditionalpracticesandperceptionswhichseverelylimitchangesandimprovementsinconstructionpractices,Fullercarefullyexaminedandimprovedinteriorstructureequipment,includingthetoilet,theshower,andthebathroomasawhole.Hestudiedstructureshells,anddevisedanumberofalternatives,eachlessexpensive,lighter,andstrongerthantraditionalwood,brick,andstonebuildings.

In1944,theUnitedStatessufferedaserioushousingshortage.GovernmentofficialsknewthatFullerhaddevelopedaprototypeoffamilydwellingwhichcouldbeproducedrapidly,usingthesameequipmentwhichhadpreviouslybuiltwar-timeairplanes.Theycouldbe"installed"anywhere,thewayatelephoneisinstalled,andwithlittleadditionaldifficulty.WhenoneofficialflewtoWichita,Kansastoseethishouse,whichBeechAircraftandFullerbuilt,themanreportedlygasped,"MyGod!Thisisthehouseofthefuture!"

Soon,unsolicitedcheckspouredinfrompeoplewhowantedtopurchasethisnewkindofhouse,butFullerwasneverabletogetitintofullproduction.Thiswasduetomanyobstaclessuchasonlyunioncontractorswereabletohookthehousesuptowater,powerandsewersinmanycities.However,becausethehouseswerealreadywiredandhadtheplumbinginstalledbytheaircraftcompany,manyconstructiontradeunionsmadeitclearthattheywouldnotworkonthehouses.Therewerealsoin-housedifferencesbetweenFullerandthestockholders.Fullerdidnotfeelthehousedesignwascomplete;therewereproblemshewantedtofix.Butthestockholderswantedtomoveahead.However,themainobstructionwasobtainingthefinancingforthetoolingcosts,whichwerepurposefullynotincludedinthenegotiationswithinvestors.Nobankwouldfinancetheprojectwithunionproblemsandstockholderbattles.

Afterthewar,Fuller'seffortsfocusedontheproblemofhowtobuildashelterwhichissolightweightthatitcanbedeliveredbyair.Sheltershouldbemobilewhichwouldrequiregreatbreakthroughsintheweight-reductionofthematerials.Technologywouldhavetofollownature'sdesignasseenbythespider'swebwhichcanfloatinahurricanebecauseofitshighstrength-to-weightratio.NewshelterwouldhavetobedesignedthatassimilatestheseprinciplesandthatwasFuller'sintent.

OneofthewaysBuckminsterFullerwoulddescribethedifferencesinstrengthbetweenarectangleandatrianglewouldbeapplypressuretobothstructures.Therectanglewouldfoldupandbeunstablebutthetrianglewithstandsthepressureandismuchmorerigid--infactthetriangleistwiceasstrong.Thisprincipledirectedhisstudiestowardcreatinganewarchitecturaldesign,thegeodesicdome,basedalsouponhisideaof"doingmorewithless".Fullerdiscoveredthatifasphericalstructurewascreatedfromtriangles,itwouldhaveincomparablestrength.

Thesphereusesthe"doingmorewithless"principleinthatitenclosesthelargestvolumeofinteriorspacewiththeleastamountofsurfaceareathussavingonmaterialsandcost.Fullerreintroducedtheideathatwhenthesphere'sdiameterisdoubleditwillquadrupleitssquarefootageandproduceeighttimesthevolume.

Thespherical(球形的)structureofadomeisoneofthemostefficientinterioratmospheresforhumandwellingsbecauseairandenergyareallowedtocirculatewithoutobstruction.Thisenablesheatingandcoolingtooccurnatu

A.YB.NC.NG

10.

Nitrogenisoneofnoxiousgases.

A.YB.NC.NG

11.

Thedifficultywithelectronicwasteandmanyotherproductsisthat______theproductsand______thecomponentmaterialsisaverydifficultandexpensiveprocess.

12.

Themobilehandsethascompletelyturnedintothenextcomputer.

A.YB.NC.NG

13.

Inordertobreakthebadhabitofprocrastination,weshouldadoptthesolutionsprovidedoneafteranotherinsteadof______atonce.

14.

Dihydrogenmonoxidecanacceleratecorrosionandrusting,andcauseseverburnsandevendeathfrominhalation.

A.YB.NC.NG

15.Feldmancitedtheexampleofwildanimalstoshowthat______.

A.wildanimalsaregoodatprotectingtheirlife

B.deceivingformedintheprocessofevolution

C.humanbeingslieinthesamewayasanimals

D.modempeoplearemoreselfishthananimals

16.

Intheauthor'sopinion,asocialliecanavoidcausingpeople______.

17.

Whilemakingfitnessapartoftheirlives,thenaturallythinpeopleusuallyconcentrateonthekindsofexercisesthat______.

18.

AllthetimeBobwasthinkingofbluejeansmarketinEnglandandnothingelse.

A.YB.NC.NG

19.

Theauthorsuggestedthatpeopleshouldeatmorefruits,vegetables,andplant-basedfoods,eatlesshigh-fat,high-caloriefoodswithinsufficientnutritionalvalue,stopsmoking,exerciseoftenandcontroltheirweightinordertoreducecancer.

A.YB.NC.NG

20.

Justlikefatigueandweakness,depressionisonesymptomof______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.聽力原文：W:Well,howareyoudoing?

M:Fine.Thecomputersectioniscomingalongnicely.Ishouldbefinishedwithitbythisafternoon.

W:Oh.thatisgreat.But,Ineedtopullyouoffthecomputersforalittlewhileandpmyouonsomethingelse.

M:Somethingelse?

W:Yeah,yeah.Listen.youknowaboutelectricity,don'tyou?

M:Well,asthatisthepowersourceformostcomputers.Idopossessarudimentaryknowledgeofitofcourse.

W:Oh.that'sgreat!That'sjustwhatIwantedtohear.

M:Uh,why?

W:Becauseofthis

M:Themaincircuitbox?

W:That'sright.Noticesomethingoddaboutit?

M:Wellyes.Noneofthewiresappeartobeattached.

W:Nobodygetstotheheartofaproblemasquickasyou.Uptonow.we'vebeenpoweringtheplacewithagenerator,butit'stimeforthattostop.Iwantyoutofixthecircuitbox.

M:Fixit?

W:Yeah.youknow.attachthewires.

M:Uh.amItounderstandthatyouwishmetowireyourbuilding?

W:No.no.1don'twishyoutod0it.1wantyoutodoit.Yougoteverythingyouneedhere:transformer,wire,andfuses.

M:WhileIdoknowsomethingaboutelectricalcurrant.Iamnotacertifiedelectrician.

W:DidIsayyouhadtobe?

M:Youdon'tunderstand.Thisjobrequirestheservicesofatrueprofessional.

(20)

A.Heisaprofessionalelectrician.

B.Hepossessesabasicknowledgeofelectricity.

C.Heknowsnothingaboutelectricity.

D.Electricityishismajor.

22.

【B11】

23.(39)

24.

【B6】

25.(34)

A.TheFederalgovernment.

B.Individualschools.

C.Respectivestates.

D.Localcommunities.

26.

【B5】

27.(29)

A.Investintoamutualfund.

B.Usethediscounttickets.

C.Quithiseating-outhabit,

D.Useonlypaperbillsandsavecoins.

28.

【B2】

29.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽力原文：Toooftenyoungpeoplegetthemselvesemployedquitebyaccident,notknowingwhatliesinthewayofopportunityforpromotion,happinessandsecurity.Asaresult,theyareemployeddoingjobsthataffordthemalittleornosatisfaction.Ourschoolgraduatesfacesomuchcompetitionthattheyseldomcarewhattheydosolongastheycanearnaliving.Somestaylongata.jobandlearntolikeit,othersmovefromonejobtoanotherlookingforsomethingtosuitthem.Theyounggraduateswholeavetheuniversitylookforjobsthatofferasalaryuptotheirexpectations.Veryfewgooutintotheworldknowingexactlywhattheywantandrealizingtheirownabilities.Thereasondehindallthisconfusionisthatthereneverhasbeenapropervocationalguidanceinoureducationalinstitutions.Nearlyallgropeinthedarkandtheirchiefconcernwhentheylookforajobistoaskwhatthesalaryislike.Theyneverbothertothinkwhethertheyaresuitedforthejobor,evenmoreimportant,whetherthejobsuitsthem.Havingajobismorethanmerelyprovidingyourselfandyourdependentswithdailybreadandsomemoneyforleisureandentertainment.Itsetsapatternoflifeand,inmanyways,determinessocialstatusinlife,selectionoffriends,leisureandinterests.

Inchoosingacareeryoushouldfirstconsiderthetypeofworkwhichwillsuityourinterests.Nothingismoresadthantakingonajobinwhichyouhavenointerest,foritwillnotonlydiscourageyourdesiretosucceedinlifebutalsowasteyourtalentsandultimatelymakeyouanemotionalwreckandabitterperson.

(27)

A.Becausetheywanttoearnhighsalary.

B.Becauseschoolsdonotteachstudentshowtochoosejobs.

C.Becausetherehasbeenseverecompetitioninthejobmarket.

D.Becausetheyhavenoworkingexperience.

30.

【B7】

31.聽力原文：WhenNancyLublinreceived＄5,000fromhergrandfatherin1996,sheneveronceconsideredtakingavacationorpayingoffstudentloans.Instead,the24-year-oldNewYorkUniversitylawstudentbeganthinkingabouthelpinglow-incomewomengetbetterjobs."Ifawomangoesforajobinterviewpoorly-dressed,shewon'tgetthejob,"Lublinsays."Butwithoutajob,shecan'taffordsuitableclothes."

So,withthemoneyLublinfounded"DressforSuccess"andbegancollectingwomen'sclotheswhichwerestillingoodconditionbutwhichtheirownersnolongerneeded."Somanywomenhaveclotheslyingaroundthattheywillneverwearagain,"oneofLublin'sassistantssays."Nancy'sideaissosimpleandyetsoimportanttowomen."

ManywomencometoLublin'sofficebeforegoingtoajobinterview.Here,theyreceiveasuit,shoesmidanyotherthingstheyneed.Sinceitwassetup,morethan1,000womenhaveturnedto"DressforSuccess"forhelp.Manyofthemhavewonjob.Somehaveroundjobsafterbeingoutofworkformanyyears.Jenny,a32-year-oldwomanwhowasrecentlyhiredasalaw-firmofficemanagersays,"Imadeagoodimpressionbecauseof'DressforSuccess'."

(30)

A.Nancysetup"DressforSuccess"tomakemoney.

B.Nancy'sofficegathersusedclothesfromwomen.

C.Nancy'sgrandfatherlentherthemoneytosetuptheoffice.

D.Low-incomewomencangetjobsat"DressforSuccess".

32.聽力原文：M:YoumustbeprettyexcitedaboutyourtriptoEurope.Whenisitthatyou'releaving?

W:InjustthreeweeksandIamexcited,buttherearestillthingsIneedtodobeforeIgo.

M:Likewhat?

W:Likerenewingmypassport,goingtothetravelagencytobuymyplaneticketandmakingadecisionastowhattodowithmyapartmentwhileIamgone.

M:You'renotgoingtogiveitup,areyou?

W:Noway,I'llneverfindanotherapartmentaroundhere.ButIdon'tliketheideaofpayingthreemonth'srentonanemptyapartment,either.

M:Idon'tblameyou.Perhapsyoucouldsubletit.

W:Yes.That'sexactlywhatIwant.Butwhoto?Ordoyoubyanychanceknowthepersonwhowill?

M:Hum,letmethink,Oh,Iknowjusttheperson,anoldcolleagueofmine,JimThomas.HeiscomingheretodosomeresearchthissummerfromJunethroughAugust.

W:Well,that'sexactlywhenI'llbeaway.Itsoundsideal,aslongasthelandlordagrees.

M:Tellyouwhat.I'llbecallingJimlaterthisweekanyway,soI'llmentionittohim,then.

W:Well,thanks,Bill.Letmcknowwhathappens.Thatextramoneywouldreallycomeinhandy.

(20)

A.Purchaseherplaneticket.

B.Changeherplaneticket.

C.Pickupapassportapplicationform.

D.ArrangeforheraccommodationsinEurope.

33.聽力原文：W:Myprogramsaysintermissionisforthirtyminutes.SoActⅡwon'tbeginbefore9:00.

M:Thenlet'sstretchourlegsandgetsomerefreshmentsinthelobby.

Q:Whatdoesthemansuggesttheydo?

(13)

A.Lookforbeveragesinthelobby.

B.Walkaroundtheauditorium.

C.Getsomefreshairoutside.

D.Stayintheirseats.

34.(35)

A.Theyshowfear.

B.Theyreachouttotouchthem.

C.Theystarttocry.

D.Theyturntoadults.

35.(22)

A.Thewomanhadatoothache.

B.Shewantedtobuysomeaspirin.

C.ShewasaregularpatientofDr.Williams.

D.Dr.Williamswasverybusy.

36.(43)

37.(46)

38.聽力原文：M:Andnow,Mrs.Smith,canyoutelluswhathappenedatyourapartmentwhentheearthquakeended?

W:Oh,itwasterrible.I'llneverforgetit.Well,JackandIalwaysgetupataboutaquartertofive.Hehastoworkearly.Yousee,whileIwasinthekitchenpreparingbreakfast,thequakecame.Therewasthishorriblesoundandthefloorwasjustbouncingandrollinglikewave,allatthesametime.

M:Thenwhatdidyoudo?

W:Well,wefigureoutitwasanearthquake.ThenIcrawledunderthetable,andIshoutedatJacktocome.Buthejuststoodthere.

M:Whoa!

W:Itlasted24seconds,andthenitstopped.AndJackandIcouldhearpeopletalkingoutside,sowetriedtogoouttothefrontdoor,butitwasjammedshut.Andthenthefirstaftershockhit.

M:That'sincredible.Thenwhatdidyouguysdo?

W:Well,Irememberthatsomeoneshouted,"Getoutofthere,quickly!"Jacksaid:"We'llgooutofthewindow."ButIcalledout:"It'stoohighup,"becausewewerelivingonthesecondfloor."Notanymore,"Jackshoutedback.So,welookedoutofthewindowand,sureenough,weweredownontheground!

M:Yoursecondfloorapartmentwasontheground?

W:Wecouldn'tbelieveit.Weopenedthewindowandcrawledout.Onceweweredownsafely,weturnedaroundandlookedbackatourapartmentbuilding.Thewholefirstwasgone—itwasjusttotallyflattened.

M:Mrs.Smith,doyoumeanthatthewholefirstfloorwasgone?

W:Yes,thefirstfloorwasgone.

M:Andwhataboutyourapartment?

W:Theapartment,canyoubelieveit,hadmovedandstoodthere.

M:Incredible,Mrs.Smith,absolutelyincredible.

Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

19.Atwhattimedoesthewomangetupeverymorning?

20.WhatwasJack'sfirstreactionaftertheearthquakecame?

21.Whydidthewomanandherhusbandgetdownonthegrounddirectlyaftercrawlingoutofthewindow?

22.Whatwasthewoman'sapartmentlikeaftertheearthquake?

(23)

A.5:15.B.4:45.C.0.239583D.0.177083

39.

【B9】

40.(31)

A.Heoftenattendedtelevisionprogramstoproposeideas.

B.Heinvitedover40peopletoshowtheirideasinaperiod.

C.Hewouldevaluatetheideasalongwithhistopassistants.

D.Hedevotedadaytolisteningtoideaseverythreemonths.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

Whatkindofpeoplehadtheadvantagesamongancientancestors?

A.Thosewhocouldweavewiththreads.

B.Thosewhopossessedthehighestleveloflanguage.

C.Thosewhowerecreativeintool-making.

D.Thosewhocouldplaymagic.

42.

AmajorsimilaritybetweenChineseandwesternconservatismis______.

A.theintendtoconserve

B.thedefenseofacosmopolitanorder

C.thedistrustofcosmopolitannature

D.theapproachtoconserve

43.(56)

44.

Theauthorfeels______towardstheextortionoftheseso-calledattorneys.

A.outrageousB.ridiculousC.surprisedD.acceptable

45.

Whatdoes"that"(Line1,Para.3)referto?

A.Ourintellectuallivesandourpublicspaces.

B.Marketing.

C.Citizenship.

D.Healthyculture.

46.

WhatproblemsexistinBerger'scountryaccordingtothepassage?

A.Thelackofhonestyingovernment.

B.Corruptionandtheriseofparallelpowers.

C.Thedifficultiesoflookingforallies.

D.MsMenchfi'srefusaltoacceptthegovernmentpost.

47.AmetalwithabuiltinmemoryisoneoftheveryusefuldiscoveriesmadeduringAmerica'sspaceprogram.NitinolwasdiscoveredbyscientistsworkingattheNavalSurfaceWeaponsCenter.Theywerelookingforheatshieldmetalsformissilesandsatellites,butwhattheyfoundwasnitinol.Thisalloycanbeformedintoshapesjustlikeanyothermetal,butitreturnstoitsoriginalform.atacertaintemperature.

Whenthisalloyofnickelandtitaniumisfirstformed,itisshapedintoingots,brickshapedmassesofthemetal.Thenitisdrawnoutintoawireofvaryingthickness,dependingonthejobitisdestinedtodo.Itissetintoitsdesiredcurveorshapeandheatedbriefly.Itisthencooledoffbydippingthewireincoldwater.This"sets"itsmemory.Themetalcanthenbeformedintoanydesiredshape,butwheneveritstemperatureexceedsitsroomtemperature,'itreturnstotheshapeithasmemorized.

Thismakesnitinolperfect,ofcourse,for,spacecraft,forantennas,probes,shields,andfolding"arms"madeofnitinolcanbestoredsafelyinsideaspacecraft,protectingthemfromdamageduringlaunching.Then,oncesafeinorbit,thespacecraftwouldsuddenly"grow"antennasandotherstructures.Thesun'srayswouldhavewarmedupthefoldedandcoilednitinol,anditwouldhavereturnedtoitsoriginalshape.

Butscientistshavefoundamoredowntoearthuseforthiswire:theynowuseittostrengthenteeth.Beforenitinol,teeththatneededstraighteninghavebracketsattachedtothem;wireswereattachedtothesetoexertapullintherightdirection.Butthispullmustbeconstant,andthestainlesssteelarchwirecannotexertthecorrectforceifithasbeenbentseveraltimesorifthetoothhasactuallymovedtowarditasplanned.Asaresult,manypeoplewithdentalbracesmusthavethewirereplacedmonthly,tightenedeveryfewweeks,oradjustedpainfullytightatthebeginningofthetreatment.

Butnitinolwirescanbeformedtoexertforceinacertaindirection,cooledofandthenreformedtofitthepatient'smouth.Asthemouthwarmsthenitinol,itbeginstotrytoassumeitspresetshape.Thisexertsasteadier,moreconstantpullonthetooththancouldeverbeachievedwithstainlesssteelwire.Nitinolcanbebentintosuchintricateshapes—whilemaintainingitspull—thatverydifficulttreatments,suchasmovingonetoothfrombehindanother,canbedonenowwithouttheexpenseorpainofconstantadjustment.Nitinolhascuttiletimeneededforthesetreatmentsbyalmosthalf,arealbenefitforbothpatientanddentist.

Themainideaofthispassageisthat______.

A.nitinolisahighlyversatilemetal

B.nitinolhelpedmakethespaceprogramasuccess

C.nitinolhasrevolutionizeddentalcare

D.mostalloyshave"memories"

48.

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatstudents'attitudetowardscampuscommercialsisthattheythink______.

A.theissueismoreaboutfreedom.

B.itismoreconflictingthancommon.

C.educationbecomesabillboard.

D.thattheymustinvestigatemore.

49.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Mostofusaretaughttopayattentiontowhatissaid--thewords.Wordsdoprovideuswithsomeinformation,butmeaningsarederivedfromsomanyothersourcesthatitwouldhinderoureffectivenessasapartnertoarelationshiptorelytooheavilyonwordsalone.Wordsareusedtodescribeonlyasmallpartofthemanyideasweassociatewithanygivenmessage.Sometimeswecangaininsightintosomeofthoseassociationsifwelistenformorethanwords.Wedon'talwayssaywhatwemeanormeanwhatwesay.Sometimesourwordsdon'tmeananythingexcept"I'mlettingoffsomesteam.Idon'treallywantyoutopaycloseattentiontowhatI'msaying.JustpayattentiontowhatI'mfeeling."Mostlywemeanseveralthingsatonce.Aparsonwantingtopurchaseahousesaystothecurrentowner,"ThisstephastobefixedbeforeI'llbuy."Theownersays,"It'sbeenlikethatforyears."Actually,thestephasn'tbeenlikethatforyears,buttheunspokenmessageis:"Idon'twanttofixit.Weputupwithit.Whycan'tyou?"Thesearchforamoreexpansiveviewofmeaningcanbedevelopedofexaminingamessageintermsofwhosaidit,whenitoccurred,therelatedconditionsorsituation,andhowitwassaid.

Whenamessageoccurscanalsorevealassociatedmeaning.Letusassumetwocouplesdoexactlythesameamountofkissingandarguing.Butonecouplealwayskissesafteranargumentandtheothercouplealwaysarguesalterakiss.Theorderingofthebehaviorsmaymeanagreatdealmorethanthefrequencyofthebehavior.Afiend'sunusuallydocile(溫順的)behavior.mayonlybeunderstoodbynotingthatitwasprecededbysituationsthatrequiredanabnormalamountofassertiveness.Someresponsesmaybedirectlylinkedtoadevelopingpatternofresponsesanddefylogic.Forexample,aparsonwhosays"No!"toaseriesofchargeslike"You'redumb!""You'relazy!"and"You'redishonest!"mayalsosay"No!"andtrytojustifyhisorherresponseifthenextstatementis"Andyou'regoodlooking."

Wewoulddowelltolistenforhowmessagesarepresented.Thewords:"It'ssurelynicetohaveyoubymyside."canbesaidwithemphasisandexcitementorritualistically.Thephrasecanbesaidonceorrepeatedseveraltimes.Andthemeaningsweassociatewiththephrasewillchangeaccordingly.Sometimesifwesaysomethinginfrequentlyitassumesmoreimportance;sometimesthemorewesaysomethingthelessimportanceitassumes.

Effectivecommunicationisrenderedpossiblebetweentwoconversingpartnersif______.

A.theyuseproperwordstocarrytheirideas

B.theybothspeaktrulyoftheirownfeelings

C.theytrytounderstandeachother'sideasbeyondwords

D.theyarecapableofassociatingmeaningwiththeirwords

50.

【C8】

51.Present-daysocietyismuchfreerandearlierbecauseitemphasizes______.

A.uniformityB.formalityC.informalityD.individuality

52.WhatdowelearnaboutJ