2021-2022年四川省遂寧市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題(含答案)

2021-2022年四川省遂寧市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.Theauthor'sexperienceinBangkokshowsthat______.

A.therestoftheworldprovestobeextremelyrisky

B.peopleshouldnotbeafraidofvisitingothercountries

C.thelocalsareunawareofthesecretpoliticalprotests

D.thenewshelpspeoplestayawayfromdangerousplaces

2.TheValueofWritingWell

It'sthattimeofyearagain.No,not"theholidayseason".Imean,itisholidaytime,butforprofessorsitdoesn'tstartfeelinglikeholidaytimeuntilfinalgradesareinandthebooksareclosedonanothersemester.No,forme,it'spaper-gradingtime,thetimeofyearwhenI'mremindedoverandoveroftheimportanceofgoodwritingskills--andoftheirrarity.

Theabilitytowritewellisnotagift.Sure,thespecialsomethingthatsetsapartaTolstoyorShakespeareorSalmanRushdieorIsabelAllendeisagift,atalentbornofdisposition,experience,andcommitment.Butjusttobeabletocommunicateclearlywiththewrittenwordtakesnospecialtalent;it'saskilllikeanyother.

Well,notexactlylikeanyother.Becausethewordsweusetowritewitharethesamewordsweusetothinkwith,learningtowritewellhasramificationsthatgobeyondthemerelytechnical.Asweimproveourwritingability,weimproveourabilitytothink--tobuildanargument,toframe.issuesincompellingways,toweaveapparentlyunrelatedfactsintoacoherentwhole.

Anddespitetherecurringhand-wringingandchest-beatingaboutthe"endofliteracy"andthe"deathoftheprintedword",therealityisthatwewritemorethaneverthesedays.Whileit'sararepersonwhositsdownwithpenandpaperinhandandwritesalettertoafriendorlovedone,wepouremailsintotheetheratanastoundingrate.Wetextmessage,tweet,instantmessage,blog,comment,andotherwiseshootwordsateachotherinanear-constantflowofcommunication.Weannotategroupportraits,LOL-ifycatpictures,andtag..,well,everything.Atwork,wewriteletters,proposals,PowerPointpresentations,Businessrequirementdocuments,memos,speeches,missionstatements,positionpapers,operatingprocedures,manuals,brochures,packagecopy,pressreleases,anddozensofmorespecializedtypesofdocuments.

Weare,itseems,writingcreatures.Homoscribus,ifyouwill.

It'snowonderthatBusinessesrepeatedlycite"communicationskills"asthesinglemostdesirabletraitinnewemployees.Thekicker,though,isthatweareasasocietyincrediblybadatwriting.Publicschoolsdoapoorjobofteachingstudentshowtowritewell-theybarelymanagetoinstillthebasicrulesofgrammarandthemiserable5-paragraphessay,letalonehowtowritewithstyle.andverve,howtoputtogetheranargumentthatmovessteadilyfromonepointtothenexttopersuadeareaderofsomecrucialpoint,howtosynthesizeideasanddatafrommultiplesourcesintosomethingthattakesthoseideasonestepfurther.

It'snotjusttheteachers'fault.Teachersdothebesttheycanwithwhatthey'regiven,andalltoooftenwhatthey'regivenisinadequateresourceswithwhichtoteachclassroomsfullofunmotivatedstudentswhocouldcarelessaboutwriting.Addtothattherequirementsofmandatorynation-wideteststhatrewardconformity,notcreativity,andthethreatofpunishmentforanyschoolwhosestudentsfailtofallwithinthefairlyrigidboundariesofthetest'srequirements,andyou'vegotaprettybadsituationallaroundforinstillinginstudentsthepowertowritewell.

Thatis,alas,agreatdisservice.Beingabletowritewellvastlyimprovesstudents'-andothers'-potentialforsuccess,regardlessofthefieldtheyfindthemselvesin.AsI'vealreadymentioned,peoplewhowritewelltendtobebetterabletothinkthroughproblemsandteaseoutpatternsinoutwardlydissimilarsituations.Moreimportantly,peoplewhowritewellhavetheopportunitytomakeamarkintheworld,becausetheirbestideasaren'ttrappedintheirownmindsforlackofameansofexpression.

Thisistruewhetheryou'reaCEOorajanitor,amarketingexpertoranEmergencyMedicalTechnician.Theskills

A.hadnothingtodowithgift

B.wasattributedtotoughtraining

C.wasaborntalent

D.madehimwell-known

3.

Whilegift-givingisanimportantpartofdoingbusinessinJapan,itisnotanormalcustominsuchcountriesas______,______,and______.

4.

ForChristians,Eastereggssymbolize______.

5.

Ifyouhaveanyconcernaboutanewdrugoritssideeffects,youcanaskyourdoctororpharmacistquestions,orcallthedrugcompanyfor______.

6.

JosephThsetanGerganservesforIndianDepartmentofScienceandTechnology.

A.YB.NC.NG

7.

AccordingtoSunilBhartiMittalofBhartiAirtel,whatwillchangethetraditionalwayoftransactionsfundamentally?

A.MasterCard.

B.Textmessages.

C.Pre-paidcards.

D.Telephonenetwork.

8.

Thelawsregulatethatthefosterparentshaveprioritiesinadoptingtheirfosterchild.

A.YB.NC.NG

9.

Afteranalyzingthefirsttimelog,theauthorfoundthathe______.

A.hadlongerofficehoursthanothers

B.spentmosttimecheckinge-mails

C.wastedmuchtimeunconsciously

D.wasonlyconcernedaboutwork

10.

Accordingtothefirstrule,highexecutivepayis______.

A.nothingbutaproblemconcerninggovernance

B.duetotheabusesofpower

C.unrelatedwithbosses'decisions

D.providedformanagerssothatitwouldharmcompanies

11.

WhenGMtomatoesfirstenteredBritishsupermarket,itcausedasensationtothewholeimmediately.

A.YB.NC.NG

12.

Researchersclaimthataslittleasfiveminutesexposuretocommondomesticelectricalappliancewillimpair______.

13.ABriefIntroductionofMarkTwain

Twain,Mark,pseudonym(筆名)ofSamuelLanghorneClemens(1835-1910),Americanwriterandhumorist,whosebestworkischaracterizedbybroad,oftenirreverent(不敬的)humororbitingsocialsatire.Twain'swritingisalsoknownforrealismofplaceandlanguage,memorablecharacters,andhatredofhypocrisyandoppression.

EarlyYears

BorninFlorida,Missouri,ClemensmovedwithhisfamilytoHannibal,Missouri,aportontheMississippiRiver,whenhewasfouryearsold.Therehereceivedapublicschooleducation.Afterthedeathofhisfatherin1847,ClemenswasapprenticedtotwoHannibalprimers,andin1851hebegansettingtypeforandcontributingsketchestohisbrotherOrion'sHannibalJournal.SubsequentlyheworkedasaprinterinKeokuk,Iowa;NewYorkCity;Philadelphia,Pennsylvania;andothercities.LaterClemenswasasteamboatpilotontheMississippiRiveruntiltheAmericanCivilWar(1861-1865)broughtanendtotravelontheriver.In1861ClemensservedbrieflyasavolunteersoldierintheConfederatecavalry.LaterthatyearheaccompaniedhisbrothertothenewlycreatedNevadaTerritory,wherehetriedhishandatsilvermining.In1862hebecameareporterontheTerritorialEnterpriseinVirginiaCity,Nevada,andin1863hebegansigninghisarticleswiththepseudonymMarkTwain,aMississippiRiverphrasemeaning"twofathomsdeep."AftermovingtoSanFrancisco,California,in1864,TwainmetAmericanwritersArtemusWardandBretHarte,whoencouragedhiminhiswork.In1865TwainreworkedatalehehadheardintheCaliforniagoldfields,andwithinmonthstheauthorandthestory,"TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty,"hadbecomenationalsensations.

YearsofMaturity

In1867TwainlecturedinNewYorkCity,andinthesameyearhevisitedEuropeandPalestine.HewroteofthesetravelsinTheInnocentsAbroad(1869),abookexaggeratingthoseaspectsofEuropeanculturethatimpressAmericantourists.In1870hemarriedOliviaLangdon.AfterlivingbrieflyinBuffalo,NewYork,thecouplemovedtoHartford,Connecticut.MuchofTwain'sbestworkwaswritteninthe1870sand1880sinHartfordorduringthesummersatQuarryFarm,nearElmira,NewYork.RoughingIt(1872)recountshisearlyadventuresasaminerandjournalist;TheAdventuresofTomSawyer(1876)celebratesboyhoodinatownontheMississippiRiver;ATrampAbroad(1880)describesawalkingtripthroughtheBlackForestofGermanyandtheSwissAlps;ThePrinceandthePauper(1882),achildren'sbook,focusesonswitchedidentitiesinTudorEngland;LifeontheMississippi(1883)combinesanautobiographicalaccountofhisexperiencesasariverpilotwithavisittotheMississippinearlytwodecadesafterheleftit;AConnecticutYankeeinKingArthur'sCourt(1889)satirizesoppressioninfeudalEngland.

AboutHisMasterpiece

TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn(1884),thesequeltoTomSawyer,isconsideredTwain'smasterpiece.Thebookisthestoryofthetitlecharacter,knownasHuck,aboywhofleeshisfatherbyraftingdowntheMississippiRiverwitharunawayslave,Jim.ThepailsadventuresshowHuck(andthereader)thecrueltyofwhichmenandwomenarecapable.AnotherthemeofthenovelistheconflictbetweenHuck'sfeelingsoffriendshipwithJim,whoisoneofthefewpeoplehecantrust,andhisknowledgethatbeisbreakingthelawsofthetimebyhelpingJimescape.HuckleberryFinn,whichisalmostentirelynarratedfromHuck'spointofview,isnotedforitsauthenticlanguageandforitsdeepcommitmenttofreedom.Huck'sadventuresalsoprovidethereaderwithapanoramaofAmericanlifealongtheMississippibeforetheCivilWar.Twain'sskillincapturingtherhythmsofthatlifehelpmakethebookoneofthemasterpiecesofAmericanliterature.

&

A.YB.NC.NG

14.

Amoreprecisetermforacidrainis______,whichhastwoparts:wetanddry.

15.Comparedwiththeir1960scounterparts,theundergraduatesinMs.Blum'sresearchpreferto______.

A.challengethenotionofauthorshipandoriginality

B.establishauniqueandauthenticidentity

C.haveatryonmanydifferentpersonas

D.domoresocialworkbyWeb-linking

16.

Themainmeasuretheforeignteachertakestogetpaidis______.

17.

Everyyear,adomeownermayspend30%lessinenergyexpenditurethananormalrectilinearhomeone.

A.YB.NC.NG

18.

Studentsfromonedevelopednationtoanotherequalstudentsfromdevelopingtodevelopedcountriesinnumber.

A.YB.NC.NG

19.

Accordingtotheauthor,iftheanimalsareabletospeak,theycanlaugh.

A.YB.NC.NG

20.WhatisthedifferencebetweenJoostandKaZaAaccordingtoFredrikdeWahl?

A.KaZaAbenefitedtheindustrywhichitentered.

B.KaZaAdidn'timpacttheindustrywhichitentered.

C.Joostdoesn'tthreatentheindustrywhichit'sentering.

D.Joostnegativelyimpactstheindustrywhichit'sentering.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.(44)

22.(25)

A.Pullhimupthehills.

B.Catchhimifhestartstofail.

C.Findsomeskatesforhim.

D.Teachhimhowtostoponskates.

23.(21)

A.Rightatthismoment.

B.Afterheselectscourses.

C.Attheendofthefirstyear.

D.Attheendoffirstsemester.

24.聽(tīng)力原文：M:Didyoubuyabirthdaypresentforyoursister,Susan?

W:Notyet,butI'vebeenthinkingaboutgettingheratape.Sheisfondofclassicalmusic.

Q:WhichtapewouldSusanlikebest?

(13)

A.TheBestofJazz.

B.ClassicalFavorites.

C.ChristmasCarols.

D.RockMusicCollection.

25.

【B3】

26.(32)

A.Itservedasafertilizerforcrops.

B.Itformedanewmountain.

C.Itstabilizedairtemperatures.

D.Itdestroyedvariousinsectpests.

27.【B5】

28.(31)

A.Theychangedcolormorequickly.

B.Theydidnotchangecolor.

C.Theychangedcoloronthesameschedule.

D.Theychangedcolormoreslowly.

29.聽(tīng)力原文：W:Whyareyougivingmeaspeedingticket?Iwasgoingat40milesperhour.

M:Can'tyouseethenoticenearby?Itreads"10mphlimits".

Whatisthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?

(15)

A.Husbandandwife.

B.Teacherandstudent.

C.Policemananddriver.

D.Bossandsecretary.

30.

【B9】

31.

【B4】

32.(26)

A.Thebuyerhastherighttoreprintit.

B.Thebuyerisallowedtochangeit.

C.Theartistcontinuestoholdthecopyrightforit.

D.Theartistmustreportthesaletotheauthority.

33.聽(tīng)力原文：W:Idon'tthinkIcanhandleallofthesebooksforthiscourse.

M:Ifoundthatyoudon'thavetoreadthemthoroughly.Justskimthroughand{getthemajorpoints.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanfeelaboutherbooks?

(13)

A.Theyaretoomanyandshecan'treadthemall.

B.Theyaretoodifficultandcomplexforhertounderstand.

C.Shefeelstootiredtoreadanybooks.

D.Theyaretooheavyforhertocarry.

34.聽(tīng)力原文：W:Dr.Weinstein,shouldparentslettheirchildrenwatchtelevisionorreadaboutthewar?

M:Ifparentsaregoingtolettheirkidsreadorwatchtelevisioncoverageofthewar,it'simportantforthemtoreadalongandhelptheirkidsinterpretwhatthey'rereadingorseeing.

Q:Whatshouldparentsdoiftheirchildrenwatchtelevisionorreadaboutthewar?

(16)

A.Toencouragethem.

B.Tostopthemimmediately.

C.Togivesomeexplanation.

D.Toleavethemalone.

35.(24)

A.Manyartistslostfaithinthevalueofart.

B.Manyartistsmovedawayfromlargecities.

C.Manyartistswereforcedtotakejobsinotherfields.

D.ManyartistsintheUnitedStatesmovedtoothercountries.

36.

【B2】

37.(22)

A.Shewillgethimtodohisassignment.

B.Shewillhelphimputhisthingsinorder.

C.Shewillcompletehishomeworkforhim.

D.Shewilltellhimhowtomaintainhiscar.

38.

【B7】

39.【B2】

40.(14)

A.Thestoriesprobablyweren'ttrue.

B.Tomdoesn'tusuallytellfunnystories.

C.She'ssurprisedTomwassoseriouslastnight.

D.ShewantstoknowwhereTomheardthestories.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

AsDr.AlexanderWeisssaid,humanbeingsarealwaysinpursuitof______.

42.Theauthorsaysthatinthecurrentworld,SesameStreet______.

A.hasslightedgeoverothershowstargetingchildren

B.hasmadesomechangessoastokeepupwiththetimes

C.triestocatertoadultswhoaccompanytheirchildrentotheshow

D.isdoomedtofailduetoitsout-datedcontentandpresentation

43.Shedevelopedparalysis(癱瘓),aftergivingbirthtoalargecalf.Thatchangedherstatusfrommilkproducerto"downer",thedairyindustry'swordforacowunabletostandup.TheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture(USDA)estimatesthatdownersaccountforbetween130,000and195,000—alargepercentage—ofthetotalcowsslaughteredeachyear.

Herowner,theSunnyDeneRanchdairyfarm,senthertoVeru'sMosesLakeMeats.Shewasgivenaroutinetestfornervous-systemdiseases,killed,thenshippedtoMidwayMeatsinCentralia.Thetest,takenonDecember9thbutnotfullyanalyzeduntilDecember22nd,frozeAmerica's$27-billion-a-yearcattleindustry,theworld'slargestproducerofbeef.ThiscowhadtestedpositiveforBSE(牛綿狀腦病),afatalsicknesspopularlyknownasmadcowdisease.HumanscangetadifferentkindofdiseaseofBSEbyconsumingthebrainsornervous-systemtissueofinfectedcattle.BritaindiagnoseditsfirstcaseofBSEin1986.Iteventuallyspreadto180,000cattleandwaslinkedtothedeathsofnearly150people.

TheUSDAatoncequarantined(隔離)theSunnyDeneherdandmadeeffortstorecallthemeat.TwodozencountriesequallyswiftlyslammedthedooronAmericanbeefexperts,whichearn$3billionayear.TheAsianmarket,particularlyJapan,whichbuysaboutathirdofthoseexports,wasespeciallyquicktobanAmericanmeat.Cattlemencursedtheirbadluckafterayearofdecentprices.

OnDecember27ththeUSDAsuggestedthattheinfectedcowcamefromCanada.ThisdoesnotlettheAmericanbeefindustryoffthehook.ButitsuggeststhatthecauseofthetroubleliesoutsidetheUnitedStates.ItwasnotsuchgoodnewsforCanada.LastMayonecaseofBSEinnorthernCanadaledtoathree-monthbanonexportsofCanadianbeefandlivecattle.Whenwillthecattlemengettheirmarketback.'?TheAmericanshastilysentateamtoJapantotrytocalmJapanesefearsand,morepractically,todiscusstheimportofbeeffromanimalslessthan30monthsold.SteveKay,anexpertonthecattleindustryfromPetaluma,California,pointsoutthatBSEhasneverbeenfoundincattleyoungerthan30months.

MuchasofficialsoncedidinBritain,peoplefromtheUSDAandthemeatindustryhaverushedtoassureAmericansthattheirproductissafe.SharesinMcDonald'satfirsttanked,butrecoveredwhentheburgergiantinsisteditusedstrictsafetystandards.YetAmerica'smeatindustrystillhastopaymoreattentiontowhatitfeedsitsanimalsandhowitkillsthem.

Whatcowsconstituteshighpercentageinthetotalcowsbutcheredeachyear?

A.Cowsthathavegivebirthtocalves.

B.Cowsthathaveproducedmilk.

C.Cowsthatarelessthan30monthsold.

D.Cowsthatcannotstandup.

44.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Eachculturehasitsownform.ofacceptablegreetingbehavior,usuallybasedonthelevelofformalityfoundwithinthesociety.Therulesofsocialdistanceetiquette(禮節(jié))varybyculture.Africans,forex-ample,arefarless(47)______intheirgreetingsthanEuropeans.Expectawarmphysicalgreeting,anex-tendedhandshakeorahandontheshoulderinmostAfricancultures.Alsoexpecttobeaskedhowyourtripwasandhowyourfamilyisdoing.Thetraditionoflonggreetingsstems(48)______thetimewhenAfricansoncewalkedmilestovisitneighboringvillagesonsocialcalls.Thearrivalandagushing(說(shuō)話滔滔不絕的)greetingwasconsideredthe(49)______avillagercoulddoforatraveler.Don'tbeimpatientwithsuchalongdrawn-out(冗長(zhǎng)乏味的)(50)______anddon'tburrythingsalong.Rather,getintothespiritandappreciatethatthepersonyoucametoseeispreparedtotakethetimetosincerely(51)______aboutyourwelfare.

InArgentina,greetingsareusuallyeffusive(過(guò)分熱情的)withplentyofhuggingand(52)______,notunliketheFrenchfairelabise(kissonbothcheeks).Thisiseventhecaseinbusinessmeetings,unlesstheyareofahighlyformalnature.InArgentina,menkisswomen,womenkisswomen,(53)______mendonotkissmen.BycontrasttheChinesewayofgreetingshuns(回避)thephysical.Itis(54)______anodoraslightbow.However,whendealingwithindividualsfromcultureswheremoredirectphysicalcontactisthenorm,e.g.,ahandshake,theChinesewill(55)______andshakehands.Don'tinterpretasofthand-shakeorlackofeyecontactasasignofweaknessorlackofaggression.ItsimplymeansthatyourChinesecolleagueis,notoverly(56)______tophysicalcontactwhengreetingastranger.

WordBank:

A.fromI.investigate

B.structuredJ.touching

C.butK.used

D.generallyL.least

E.expeditionM.exchange

F.inquireN.chance

G.adaptO.involved

H.kissing

45.

【C7】

46.【S10】

47.

Companiesdon'twanttospendmoneyonresearchindevelopingappropriatecropsinAfricabecause______.

A.existingtechnologyfailstogrowdry-landcrops

B.onlydozensofyearslatercantheymakeprofits

C.theyarenotencouragedandprobablycannotmakeanyprofit

D.mostofAfricancountriesbelongtothethirdworld

48.

Thesecondmainreasonfortheirunhappinessisthat______.

A.theyarenotpermittedtochangeajob

B.theyhavetoworkontopayofftheirdebts

C.theyhavenootherwayoutthankeepworking

D.theyhavebeenworkinginacompanyfortoolong

49.

Howcanwomengettheroleofpoliticalleadership?

A.Womenmusttakepartinnationalaffairsthroughtheirownefforts.

B.Thegovernmentmustgivesomeconvenientconditionstowomen.

C.Womenmustbeuncompromisingandsteadyandneedmen'ssupport.

D.Menhandthepowertowomenvoluntarilyforabetterfuture.

50.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Theinstinctivefoundationoftheintellectuallifeiscuriosity,whichisfoundamonganimalsinitselementaryform.Intelligencedemandsanalertcuriosity,butitmustbeofacertainkind.Thesortthatleadsvillageneighborstotrytopeerthroughcurtainsafterdarkhasnotveryhighvalue.Thewidespreadinterestingossipisinspired,notbyloveofknowledge,butbymalice(惡意);noonegossipsaboutotherpeople'ssecretvirtues,butonlyabouttheirsecretvices.Curiosityproperlyso-called,ontheotherhand,isinspiredbyagenuineloveofknowledge,Youmayseethisimpulse,inamoderatelypureform,atworkinacatthathasbeenbroughttoastrangeroomandproceedstosmelleverycornerandeverypieceoffurniture.Youwillseeitalsoinchildrenwhoarepassionatelyinterestedwhenadrawerorcupboard,usuallyclosed,isopenfortheirinspection.Animals,machines,thunderstorms,andallformsofmanualworkarousethecuriosityofchildren,whosethirstforknowledgeputsthemostintelligentadulttoshame.Thisimpulsegrowsweakerwithadvancingyearsuntilatlastwhatisunfamiliarinspiresonlydisgust,withnodesireforacloseracquaintance.Thisisthestageatwhichpeopleannouncethat"thingsarenotwhattheywereinmyyoungdays".Thethingthatisnotthesameasitwasinthatfar-offtimeisthespeaker'scuriosity.Andwiththedeathofcuriosity,wemayreckonthatactiveintelligence,also,hasdied.Butalthoughcuriositylessensinintensityandinextentafterchildhood,itmayforalongtimeimproveinquality.Curiosityaboutgeneralpropositionsshowsahigherlevelofintelligencethandoescuriosityaboutparticularfacts.Broadlyspeaking,thehighertheorderofgenerality,thegreateristheintelligenceinvolved.Curiositydissociatedfrompersonaladvantageshowsahigherdevelopmentthandoescuriosityconnected,say,withachanceoffood.Thecatthatsniffsinanewroomisnotawhollydisinterestedscientificinquirerbutprobablyalsowantstofindoutwhethertherearemiceabout.Perhapsitisnotquitecorrecttosaythatcuriosityisbestwhenitisdisinterestedbutratherthatitisbestwhentheconnectionwithotherinterestsisnotdirectandobvious,butdiscoverableonlybymeansofacertaindegreeofintelligence.

Accordingtothepassage,howmaymostintelligentadultfeelfacingchildren'sthirstforknowledge?

51.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Oneofthemosteminentofpsychologists,ClarkHull,claimedthattheessenceofreasoningliesintheputtingtogetheroftwo"behavior.segments"insomenovelway,neveractuallyperformedbefore,soastoreachagoal.

TwofollowersofClarkHull,HowardandTraceyKendler,devisedatestforchildrenthatwasexplicitlybasedonHulll'sprinciples.Thechildrenweregiventhetaskoflearningtooperateamachinesoastogetatoy.Inordertosucceedtheyhadtogothroughatwo-stagesequence.Thechildrenweretrainedoneachstageseparately.Thestagesconsistedmerelyofpressingthecorrectoneoftwobuttonstogetamarble;andofinsertingthemarbleintoasmallholetoreleasethetoy.TheKendlersfoundthatthechildrencouldlearntheseparatebitsreadilyenough.Buttheydidnotforthemostpart"integrate".Theydidnotpressthebuttontogetthemarbleandthenproceedwithoutfurtherhelptousethemarbletogetthetoy.SotheKendlersconcludedthattheywereincapableofdeductivereasoning.

Themysteryatfirstappearstodeepenwhenwelearn,fromantherpsychologist,MichaelColeandhiscolleagues,thatadultsinanAfricancultureapparentlycannotdotheKendlers'taskeither.Butitlessens,ontheotherhand,whenwelearnthatataskwasdevisedwhichwasstrictlyanalogoustotheKendlers'onebutmucheasierformeAfricanmalestohandle.Insteadofthebutton-pressingmachine,Coleusedalockedboxandtwodifferentlycoloredmatch-boxes,oneofwhichcontainedakeythatwouldopenthebox.Noticethattherearestilltwobehavior.segments--"opentherightmatch-boxtogetthekey"and"usethekeytoopenthebox"---sothetaskseemsformallytobethesame.Butpsychologicallyitisquitedifferent.Nowthesubjectisdealingnotwithastrangemachinebutwithfamiliarmeaningfulobjects:anditiscleartohimwhatheismeanttodo.Itthenturnsourthatthedifficultyof"integration"isgreatlyreduced.

RecentworkbySimonHewsonisofgreatinteresthereforitshowsthat,foryoungchildren,too,thedifficultyliesnotintheinferentialprocesseswhichthetaskdemands,butincertainperplexingfeaturesoftheapparatusandtheprocedure.Hewsonmadetwocrucialchanges.First,hereplacedthebutton-pressingmechanisminthesidepanelsbydrawersinthesepanelswhichthechildrencouldopenandshut.Thistookawaythemysteryfromthefirststageoftraining.Thenhehelpedthechildtounderstandthattherewasno"magic"aboutthespecificmarble.Thetwomodificationstogetherproducedajumpmsuccessratesfrom30%to90%forfive-year-oldsandfrom35%to72.5%forfour-year-olds.Forthree-year-olds,forreasonsthatarestillinneedofclarification,noimprovement--ratheraslightdropinperformanceresultedfromthechange.

Wemayconclude,then,thatchildrenexperienceveryrealdifficultywhenfacedwiththeKendlerapparatus;butthisdifficultycannotbetakenasproofthattheyareincapableofdeductivereasoning.

WhydidtheKendlersconductthetestdescribedinthesecondparagraph?

52.

Thelionrepresentsthosewhoare______.

A.tootrusting

B.strongandcareful

C.reliantonforce

D.lackinginintelligence

53.(59)

54.Fromthepassagewecaninfertaboois______.

A.astrongdesiretodosomethingstrangeorterrible

B.acrimecommittedonimpulse

C.behavior.consideredunacceptableinsociety'seyes

D.anunfavorableimpressionleftonotherpeople

55.

Whatdoes"schoolperformance"（1stinPara.）mean?

A.Students'heschool.

B.Academicperformance.

C.Artshowintheschool.

D.Eventsofaschool.

56.

A"disadvantaged"childison