2021-2022年四川省雅安市大學(xué)英語6級(jí)大學(xué)英語六級(jí)測(cè)試卷(含答案)

2021-2022年四川省雅安市大學(xué)英語6級(jí)大學(xué)英語六級(jí)測(cè)試卷(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.HarlemRenaissance(文藝復(fù)興)—ABriefIntroduction

ImportantFeatures

1.HarlemRenaissance(HR)isthenamegiventotheperiodfromtheendofWorldWarIandthroughthemiddleofthe1930sDepression,duringwhichagroupoftalentedAfrican-Americanwritersproducedasizablebodyofliteratureinthefourprominentgenresofpoetry,fiction,drama,andessay.

2.Thenotionof"twoness",adividedawarenessofone'sidentity,wasintroducedbyW.E.B.DuBois,oneofthefoundersoftheNationalAssociationfortheAdvancementofColoredPeople(NAACP)andtheauthoroftheinfluentialbookTheSoulsofBlackFolks(1903):"Oneeverfeelshistwo-nessanAmerican,aNegro;twosouls,twothoughts,twounreconciledstirrings:twowarringidealsinonedarkbody,whosedoggedstrengthalonekeepsitfrombeingtomasunder."

3.Commonthemes:alienation,marginality,theuseoffolkmaterial,theuseofthebluestradition,theproblemsofwritingforaneliteaudience.

4.HRwasmorethanjustaliterarymovement:itincludedracialconsciousness,"thebacktoAfrica"movementledbyMarcusGarvey,racialintegration,theexplosionofmusicparticularlyjazz,spiritualsandblues,painting,dramaticrevues,andothers.

AChronologyofImportantEventsandPublications

1919

-369thRegimentmarchedupFifthAvenuetoHarlem,February17.

-FirstPan-AfricanCongressorganizedbyW.E.B.DuBois,Paris,February.

-RaceriotsinWashington,D.C,Chicago,Charleston,Knoxville,Omaha,andelsewhere,JunetoSeptember.

-RaceRelationsCommissionfounded,September.

-BenjaminBrawleypublishedTheNegroinLiteratureandArtintheUnitedStates.

1920

-UniversalNegroImprovementAssociation(UNIA)ConventionheldatMadisonSquareGarden,August.

-CharlesGilpinstarredinEugeneO'Neill,TheEmperorJones,November.

-JamesWaldouJohnson,firstblackofficer(secretary)ofNAACPappointed.

-ClaudeMcKaypublishedSpringinNewHampshire.

-DuBois'sDarkwaterispublished.

1921

-MarcusGarveyfoundedAfricanOrthodoxChurch,September.

-SecondPan-AfricanCongress.

-ColoredPlayersGuildofNewYorkfounded.

-BenjaminBrawleypublishedSocialHistoryoftheAmericanNegro.

1922

-FirstAnti-LynchinglegislationapprovedbyHouseofRepresentatives.

-PublicationsofTheBookofAmericanNegroPoetryeditedbyJamesWeldonJohnson;ClaudeMcKay,HarlemShadows.

1923

-ClaudeMcKayspokeattheFourthCongressoftheThirdInternationalinMoscow,June.

-MarcusGarveyarrestedformailfraudandsentencedtofiveyearsinprison.

-ThirdPun-AfricanCongress.

1924

-CivicClubDinner,bringingblackwritersandwhitepublisherstogether,March21.ThiseventisconsideredtheformallaunchingoftheNewNegromovement.

1925

-AmericanNegroLaborCongressheldinChicago,October.

1927

-MarcusGarveydeported.

-LouisArmstronginChicagoandDukeEllingtoninNewYorkbegantheircareers.

-PublicationsofHughes,FineClothestotheJew.

1928

-PublicationsofWallaceThurman,Harlem:AForumofNegroLife;DuBois,TheDarkPrincess.

1929

-NegroExperimentalTheatrefounded,February;NegroArtTheatrefounded,June.

-WallaceThurman'splayHarlem,opensattheApolloTheateronBroadwayandbecomeshugelysuccessful.

-BlackThursday,Octo

A.YB.NC.NG

2.

Themajoragentsofpopulationgrowtharebirthsanddeaths.

A.YB.NC.NG

3.

AftertheelectionLauraBushhasbeenmorewillingtoopentheWhiteHouse,butafter9/11sherestricted______.

4.

Freudwasthefirstmantohelpmentalpatientsbyhavingthemtalkaboutwhatmadethemanxious.

A.YB.NC.NG

5.After2016,theBBCtelevisionserviceismostlikelytoobtainitsentire,orpartof,fundingthrough______.

6.

Spread-spectrumfrequencycantransmitthesamefrequencyatthesametimeformorethanonedevice.

A.YB.NC.NG

7.

Theauthorholdstheopinionthatclimatechangeshavestartedwiththedawnofagriculture.

A.YB.NC.NG

8.

Accordingtothepassage,forthosewhoaregoodattellingliesanddon'tgetcaught,thequestionofwhetherornottoliecanbeahardandserious______.

9.

AccordingtoRamjee,thecombinationof______ispossiblythemosteffectiveinpreventingHIVvirusfromtransmittingduringintercourse.

10.

Inthecaseofnegotiatingdivorce,anegotiatorisaskedtoconform.totheprincipleof______.

11.

Need-blindadmissionpolicymeanscollegesdecidewhethertomakeanofferofadmissionwithout______.

12.

Whatmadealotoflargeanimalsdisappearinthepast?

A.Originalvegetationcutdownorburned.

B.Habitatsfragmentingandanimalshomeless.

C.Huntinguncheckedandwithoutsupervision.

D.Mining,logging,andenergyexploration.

13.

Somefamouscompaniesaredesigningsomestorestodisplaytheirproducts,hopingthatpeoplewill______.

14.

Duringaninterviewwithpotentialemployers,self-honoringorself-lovemayhelpajobseekertoshow______.

15.

Elementary-schoolchildrenwhosufferedfromabullyareadvisedtotell______.

16.

Salopeksaidthathe______toSudantoreportagainalthoughtherewerealotofdifficulties.

17.AdSlogans

Howmanytimeshaveyoubeeninyourcarwithyourradioon,gottenout,andhourslater,hadsomejingle(廣告詩)playinginyourhead?This,myfriends,isgoodadvertising.Thatjinglewassocatchythathoursafteryouhadbeenexposedtoit,itstilllingered.Thesamecanbesaidofadslogans.Everyday,wearesurroundedbycarads,creditcardads,travelads,foodads,clothingads...thelistgoeson.

TheBasics

Thepurposeofthestraplineorsloganinanadvertisementistoleavethekeybrandmessageinthemindofthetarget(that'syou).Itisthesign-offthataccompaniesthelogo.Itsgoalistostick:"Ifyougetnothingelsefromthisad,getthis...!"Afewwell-knownexamplesoftheseslogansinclude:

?AmericanExpress:"Don'tleavehomewithoutit"

?Apple:"Thinkdifferent"

?AT&T:"Reachoutandtouchsomeone"

?Timex:"Takesalickingandkeepsonticking"

?Wendy's:"Where'sthebeef?"

?Wheaties:"Thebreakfastofchampions"

Unforunately,adslogansdon'talwayswork,usuallybecausetheyaregeneric,ready-to-wear,off-the-shelflinesthataretakenoutandshinedup,readytobeusedagainandagainwhenritecreativejuiceshavestoppedflowing.Dozensofadvertisersusethemwithoutblinking.Theiradagenciesshouldbeashamedofthemselves!

ThePerfectTagline

Aperfectly-formedtaglineshouldfulfillseveralcriteria.First,itshouldbememorable.Memorabilityhastodowiththeablitythelinehastoberecalledunaided.Alotofthisisbasedonthebrandheritageandhowmuchthelinehasbeenusedovertheyears.Butifitisanewline,whatmakesitmemorable?Thebigideashouldbetoldintheadvertisement.Themorethetaglineresonateswiththebigidea,themorememorableitwillbe.

Guinnessusedtousetheline"Guinnessisgoodforyou'untiltheauthoritiesgotafterthem,saying"Comeon!Guinnessisstout(烈性啤酒)!Itcontainsalcohol!Itcan'tbegoodforyou!Sostopusingthatclaim!"So,theGuinnessadagencycameupwithastokeofgenius.Theline?"Guinnessisn'tgoodforyou."Agoodsloganshouldrecallthebrandname,andideally,thebrandnameshouldbeincludedintheline."Mygoodness,myGuinness!"works,asdoes"Cokeisit!"Ontheotherhand,"Oncedriven,foreversmitten(深有感觸)"doesnoteasilyinvokethewordVauxhall—aBritishcarmadebyGeneralMotors.Ifitissuccessful,thelineshouldpassreadilyintocommonidiomasacatchphrase,suchas"BeanzmeanzHeinz"or"Where'sthebeef?"Inadditiontoaprovocativeandrelevantillustrationorstory,alliteration(頭韻)likeJaguar:"Don'tdreamit.Driveit.",coinedormade-upwords(LouisVuitton:"Epileather"),puns,andrhymesaregoodwaysofmakingalinememorable.Soisajingle.

Agoodtaglineshouldincludeakeybenefit:"Engineeredlikenoothercarintheworld"doesthisbeautifullyforMercedesBenz."Britain'ssecond-largestinternationalscheduledairline"isa'sowaht'statementforthelateAirEurope.Youmightwellsay"Iwantacarthatisengineeredlikehoothercarintheworld,"butisisunlikelythatyouwouldsay"IwanttwoticketstoParisonBritain'ssecond-largestinernationalscheduledairline!"

There'sawell-knownpieceofadviceinteworldofmarketing:"sellthesizzle,notthesteak."Itmeanstosellthebenefits,notthefeatures.Sincethetaglineistheleave-behind,orthetake-a-way,surelytheopportunitytoimplantakeybenefitshouldnotbemissed:

?HolidayInn:"Pleasingpeopletheworldover"

?Karry-Lite:"Takesthe'lug'outofluggage"

?Polaroid:"Thefundevelopsinstantly"

?TheEconomist:"Freeenterprisewitheveryissue"

Conversely,thefollowinglineshavenoobvious

A.YB.NC.NG

18.

FedExExpressrelocateditsheadquartersinMemphisforthedeliveryofsmallpackages.

A.YB.NC.NG

19.

Theright-handcontroloftheMollerSkycarisusedtocontrolthevehicle'smovingpath,velocityandbreaks.

A.YB.NC.NG

20.Whentravelinginanothercountry,manyAmericansbringwaterwiththembecause______.

A.theyarenotusedtodrinkinglocalwater

B.theyassumethatlocalwaterisnotsafe

C.theyaremorepronetowater-bornediseases

D.theircaneasilyfallillifcontactingwithlocalgerms

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.(22)

A.Itwillpaymorethanthepresentone.

B.Itwillofferabiggeroffice.

C.Itwillrequireworkingextrahours.

D.Itwillinvolvetravellingatweekends.

22.(30)

A.Becausestudentsneedindividualattention.

B.Becausestudentsneedtobestimulated.

C.Becausestudentsneedexactlythesameinstruction.

D.Becausestudentsdon'tknowhowtolearn.

23.(24)

A.Quitthegameandgoaway.

B.Watchherpartnerplayingcards.

C.Teachthemanhowtoplaybridge.

D.Playcardsincooperationwithherpartner.

24.聽力原文：M:Ireallydon'tknowwhattodothissummer.Ican'taffordtojustsitaround,andtheredon'tseemtobeanyjobsavailable.

W:Whydon'tyoutryhouse-sitting?LastsummermyfriendMargarethouse-satfortheDoddswhentheywentawayonvacation.Mr.DoddhiredMargarettostayintheirhousebecausehedidn'twantitleftempty.

M:YoumeantheDoddspaidMargaretjusttoliveintheirhouse?

W:Itwasn'tthateasy.Shehadtomowandwaterthehouseplants.AndwhenErichouse-satforMr.Cohen,hehadtotakecareofhispets.

M:House-sittingsoundslikeagoodjob.Iguessit'salittlelikebaby-sitting-exceptyou'retakingcareofahouseinsteadofchildren.

W:Thestudentemploymentofficestillhasafewjobsposted.

M:DoIjusthavetofilloutanapplication?

W:MargaretandErichadtointerviewwiththehouseownersandprovidethreereferenceseach.

M:Thatseemslikealotoftroubleforasummerjob.

W:Thehouseownerswantsomeguaranteethattheycantrustthehouse-sitters.Youknow,theywanttomakesureyou'renotthetypewhowillthrowwildpartiesintheirhouse,ormovegroupsoffriendsinwithyou.

M:House-sitterswhodothatsortofthingsprobablyaren'tpaidthen.

W:Usuallytheyarepaidanywayjustbecausethehomeownersdon'twanttomakeafuss.Butifthehomeownerreportedit,thenthehouse-sitterwouldn'tbeabletogetanotherjob.So,whydon'tyouapply?

(20)

A.Gotosummerschool.

B.Takeavacation.

C.Stayathome.

D.Findapart-timejob.

25.

【B11】

26.

【B8】

27.(14)

A.She'snotsurehowshewasabletofinishsoearly.

B.Shewasn'tabletomanagetheprojectwell.

C.She'snotsurehowtosolvethemystery.

D.Shestillhasn'theardwhatwasshocking.

28.聽力原文：M:IwassodisappointedtohearthatJimlosthisjob.Iknowthathisdaughterwassicklastmonth,sehewasalwayslatetowork.

W:Oh,thatwasn'tit.Jimmadeabigerrorinthisweek'saccounting.Thebosswasfurious.

Q:WhywasJimfired?

(19)

A.Hewasfuriouswithhisboss.

B.Hewasalwayslatetowork.

C.Hisdaughterwassickandthatmadehimlateforwork.

D.Hepreparedafinancialreportincorrectly

29.聽力原文：M:Whatdidyoudotocelebrateyourbirthday?

W:MyfriendstookmetoseeCirqueduSoleil.Whatashow!ItwasunlikeanythingIhadeverseenbefore.Theperformancesweremesmerizing--theywereart!

M:Wow,itsoundslikeyoureallyenjoyedyourself.WhatdistinguishesCirqueduSoleilfromothercircuses?

W:Itsimplyhasclass.Theactshaveacertainstyle.thatyoudon'tseeinothercircuses.Thereissoft,romanticlightingandfantasticmusicwhichrangesfromclassicaltojazz.But,whatreallysetsthecircusapartisthecostumeswiththeirbeautifulfabrics,richcolorsandfairytaledesigns.

M:Itsoundsamazing,butIalwaysfeelalittleguiltywhenIgotothecircus.Itseemssocreeltouseanimalsforourentertainment.

W:CirqueduSoleildoesn'tbelieveinusinganimals.Theyrelyonhumanperformersincludingacrobats,trapezeartistsandcontortionists.

M:That'swonderful.Iwishothercircuseswoulddothesame.

W:Andthehumanperformancesaremuchmorefun.Therewasoneclownwhoactuallyjuggledeightwineglassesatonetime.Icouldn'tbelieveit.Therewasalsoamagicianwhoperformedaseriesofcomicaltricksinvolvingmembersoftheaudience.Ilovedthewholething.Youreallyshouldseethemwhiletheyareintown.

M:IthinkI'llgothisweekend.

(23)

A.It'saconcert.

B.It'sacircus.

C.It'sagame.

D.It'samovie.

30.

【B10】

31.【B8】

32.聽力原文：M:IknewLindaplayedthepiano,butIdidn'tknowsheplayedtheguitar:

W:NeitherdidI,Itseemsshejustpickedituponherownoverthissummer.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

(13)

A.Lindamadeherownguitar.

B.Lindataughtherselftoplaythepiano.

C.Lindataughtherselftoplaytheguitar.

D.Lindadoesn'thavemuchtalentformusic.

33.(45)

34.(46)

35.(38)

36.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Interestinpursuinginternationalcareershassoaredinrecentyears,enhancedbypersonnelshortagesthatarecausingcompaniestosearch【B1】______theirhomebordersfortalent.

Professionalsseekcareerexperienceoutsidetheirhomecountriesforavarietyofreasons.Theymayfeeltheneedto【B2】______theirbatterieswithanew【B3】______.Theymaywantapositionwithmoreresponsibilitythatencourages【B4】______andinitiative.Ortheymaywishtoexposetheirchildrentoanotherculture,andthe【B5】______tolearnasecondlanguage.

Whenapplyingforajob,oneusuallyhasto【B6】______aresumeorcurriculumvitae(CV).Thetwotermsgenerallymeanthesamething:aoneortwodocumentdescribingone's【B7】______qualificationsandprofessionalexperience.However,guidelinesforpreparingaresumeare【B8】______changing.

Thebestadviceistofindoutwhatisappropriateregardingthecorporateculture,thecountryculture,andthecultureofthepersonmakingthehiringdecision.【B9】______

Educationalrequirementsdifferfromcountrytocountry.Asaresult,youshouldconsiderthiskindofsituationseriously,oryouwon'tgetthejobwhichyouprobablywant.Youcan'tbetoocareful.Youshouldprepareandyouwillachieveyourgoal.【B10】______.Providethereaderwithdetailsaboutyourstudiesandanyrelatedexperience.Makesurethatthereadercangetanimageofyouafterreadingyourdescription.Itwon'tbeeasyifyoudon'ttryhardenough.【B11】______,becausetherearevariationsbetweenthetwoversions.Areaderwhoisunfamiliarwiththesevariationsmayassumethatyourresumecontainserrors.

【B1】

37.聽力原文：Italy'scapitalRomeisafamoustouristattraction,butthereareswarmsofbirdsthatcrowdinRome'shistoricpublicsquaresandchurcheseverywinter,forcingtouristsandpassers-bytoseekrefugeunderumbrellas.Recently,scientistshavefoundoutagoodwaytosolvethisproblem.TheItalianLeaguefortheProtectionofBirdswillbroadcastbird"distresscalls"overloudspeakersinthehistoriccenters,usingatechnologyithastriedinRome'soutskirtstoscarethemakewhenthereisdangerandtheywillplayitovermegaphone6atduskwhenthebirdsarestartingtonestdown.Theywanttochasethelights.Thenthebirdswillheadtooutlyingparksandsuburbs.Thismethodhasbeenprovedveryefficientandthereisnocrueltytobirdsinvolvedsincetheyjustmigratetoparksandwoodsoutsidethecity.BetweenOctoberandFebruarysomefourmillionbirdsmigratetotheItaliancapitalfromGermany,PolandandRussia,darkeningthehorizonandpaintingabstractshapesintheskythatcapturetheimaginationofonlookers.Thehugeflocksalsocoatcars,buildingsandanyonewhohasnotfoundcoverwithbirddroppings.Touristsareadvisedtocarryumbrellasorraincoatsatduskandresidentshavetoputupwiththeterriblesmellformonthsatatime.

(33)

A.Beggingfoodfromthetourists.

B.Attackingthetourists.

C.Droppingwastesonthetourists.

D.Makingloudnoisetodisturbthetourists.

38.聽力原文：M:Excuseme.Areyougoingtobuyconcerttickets?

W:Yes,Iam.Soareallthesepeopleinfrontofme.

M:Haveyoubeenherelong?

W:About45minutes.I'vemovedfor-wardatotalofabout3feetinthattime.

M:Youarekidding.

W:Notatall.Therewasacoupleupaheadofmewhogotsodisgustedandtheyfinallygaveupandleft.Theysaidthey'dbeenwaitingformorethananhour.

M:Terrific.Doesanyoneknowwhat'scausingthedelay?

W:Ifso,noonehasletusknow.Itcouldbethattherearen'tenoughpeoplesellingticketsthisafternoon.Ormaybetheircomputerisdown.I'msuretheconcerthasn'tbeencancelled.

M:Ijusthopetheydon'trunoutofticketsbeforeIgetupthere.

W:Thatreallywouldbeannoying,wouldn'tit?

M:IguessIshouldhavecomebeforelunch.Orhasitbeenlikethisallday?

W:Apparentlyithas.Infact,beforeIcameItriedcallingtochargemyticketsoverthephone,justtoavoidthislongwait.Buttheyarenottakingphoneorders,orchecks,orcreditcards.It'scashornothing,andyouhavetocomeinperson.

M:Well,therearetwomorehoursbeforetheticketsofficecloses.Ticketsforagoodconcertareworthwaitingfor.SoIthinkI'lljustmakemyselfcomfortable.

(20)

A.She'simpressedwiththeticketsellers.

B.She'spleasedabouttheman'spurchase.

C.She'suncertainaboutthechangeinplans.

D.She'sresignedtothesituation.

39.(31)

A.Heusedtodrink,smokeandtakedrugs.

B.Hebelongedtoastreetgang.

C.Hewasjoblesswhenhejoinedthemovement.

D.Hewasaclosefriendofthemovement'sleader.

40.聽力原文：W:Hello,1111.What'sOnserviceline.WhatcanIdoforyou?

M:Yes.Iwanttofindsomeinformationaboutshowsandexhibitionsofnextweek.

W:Therearejusttoomanyofthem.Whatkindofshowsareyouparticularlyinterestedin?

M:Er,couldyoupleasetellmeiftherewillbeanyballetperformances?

W:Yes,sure.Letmesee...Yes,theNorthernBalletTheater,Britain'sleadingclassicaldancedramacompany,willpresentCharlesDickens'dramaticwork"AChristmasCarol"fromDecember1114atBeiTheatre.

M:Thatwouldbenice.What'sthephonenumberofBeiTheatre?

W:6521-6688.

M:Thankyou.Er,isthereanyshowofPekingOpera?

W:Yes.TheLiyuanTheatrepresentstraditionalPekingOperaexperts,packagedinshortprogramsforforeignaudiencesandpresentedintheoriginalstyle.Thetheatre'sMingstyle.tablesandtheteaandsnacksarearevivaloftheatmosphereofBeijing.TheperformancesarebytheBeijingPekingOperaTheatreandareaccompaniedbyexplanationsinEnglish.

M:Sorrytointerrupt,butwhatwillbepresentednextThursday?

W:Sorry,wejustknowthattheperformancesarenightly,formoredetail,youmaycallat63016688.That'sLiyuanTheatre.

M:63016688,LiyuanTheatre.Thankyou.Thenwhataboutexhibitions?

W:Afour-personininternationalpaintingexhibitionentitled"ChineseCharactersMeasure"isbeingheldattheJinGalleryintheChaoyangCulturalCenterthisweek.

M:Whoarethefourartists?

W:TheyareWeiLiandPuLiefromChina,FrankiefathersfromBritainandJoseAbadfromSpain.TheyallbasetheirartinChinesecalligraphy,establishingtheirownartisticstyle.inamodernform.Altogetherfortypaintingswillbeshown.

M:Whenwillthegallerybeopen?

W:Itopensfrom9amto4:30pmeveryday.Youmaycallthemat65912233.

M:Thankyou.I'vetakenthatdown.Thankyouagainforyourpatience.

F:You'rewelcome.Goodbye.

W:Bye-bye!

(20)

A.65126688B.63016688C.64912233D.65026688

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

Itcanbeseenthatpresentcloningtechniques______.

A.provideinsightintothequestionofnaturevs.nurture

B.havebeenwidelyusedinsavingendangeredspecies

C.haveprovedquiteadequateforthecloningofhumans

D.stillhavealongwaytogobeforereachingmaturity

42.

Theauthor'smainviewinthispassagewasmostinfluencedbythefollowingassumptionthat______.

A.theartistictraditionsofNativeAmericanpeoplesaresimilartcthoseofEuropeancultures

B.allwritingsproducedbyNativeAmericansexpress,eitherdirectlyorindirectly,apoliticalposition

C.themajorresponsibilityofNativeAmericanwritersistocelebrateandpreservetheculturaltraditionsoftheirpeople

D.literaturecanbeapowerfultoolfroassertingtheculturalvaluesandpoliticalrightsofethnicgroups

43.

WhattroubledidtheGreekTVannouncerhavewhenannouncingthenewsthatLiuXianggotthefirstplace?

44.(56)

45.

Theword"homogeneous"inthefirstparagraphmeans______

46.

WMGwouldliketochangeitsnamebecause______.

A.BritainisgoingtocatchupwithallotherEuropeancountriesinthefieldofelectronicengineeringmanagement

B.businesshasbeeninfluencedsomuchbye-commerce

C.thee-commercehasofferedAsiancountriesthechancetoovertakeBritainandtherestofEurope

D.e-businessisverypopularandwillbecomeuniversal

47.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Man,eveninthelowerstagesofdevelopment,possessesafacultywhich,forwantofabettername,Ishallcallnumbersense.Thisfacultypermitshimtorecognizethatsomethinghaschangedinasmallcollectionwhen,withouthisdirectknowledge,andobjecthasbeenremovedfromoraddedtothecollection.

Numbersenseshouldnotbeconfusedwithcounting,whichisprobablyofamuchlatercommontraitandinvolvesasweshallsee,aratherintricatementalprocess.Counting,sofarasweknow,isanattributeexclusivelyhuman,whereassomebrutespeciesseemtopossessanelementarynumbersensealiketoourownatleast,suchistheopinionofcompetentobserversofanimalbehavior,andthetheoryissupportedbyaweightymassofevidence.

Manybirds,forinstance,possesssuchanumbersense.Ifanestcontainsfoureggs,onecansafelybetaken;butwhentwoareremoved,thebirdgenerallydeserts.Insomeunaccountablywaythebirdcandistinguishtwofromthree.Butthisfacultyisbynomeansconfinedtobirds.Infact,themoststrikinginstanceweknowisthatoftheinsectcalledthe"solitarywasp".Themotherwasplayshereggsinindividualcellsandprovideseacheggwithanumberoflivecaterpillars(毛蟲)percell.ButmostremarkableisthecaseoftheGenusEumenus,avarietyinwhichthemaleismuchsmallerthanthefemalegrub(蛆)andapportions(分配)thequantityoffoodaccordingly:shedoesnotchangethespeciesorsizeofthevictims,butiftheeggismale,shesuppliesitwithfivevictims;iffemale,withten.Theregularityintheactionofthewaspandthefactthatthisactionisconnectedwithafundamentalfunctioninthelifeoftheinsectmakesthislastcaselessconvincingthantheonewhichfollows.Heretheactionofthebirdseemstoborderontheconscious.

Alandownerwasdeterminedtoshootacrowwhichmadeitsnestinthewatertowerofhisestate.Repeatedlyhetriedtosurprisethebird,butinvain:attheapproachofmanthecrowwouldleaveitsnest.Onedaythelandownerhituponatrick,twomenenteredthetower,oneremainedwithin,theothercameoutandwenton.Butthebirdwasnotdeceived:itkeptawayuntilthemanwithincameout.Theexperimentwasrepeatedonthesucceedingdayswithtwo,three,thenfourmen,yetwithoutsuccess.Finally,fivemenweresent:asbefore,allenteredthetower,andoneremainedwhiletheotherfourcameoutandwentaway.Herethecrowlostcount.Unabletodistinguishbetweenfourorfive,itpromptlyreturnedtoitsnest.

Accordingtothepassage,countingisdifferentfrom______.

48.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.Human-resourcemanagementisnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates.Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.Labourissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehiredrentedatthelowestpossiblecostmuchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment.

Thelackofimportanceattachedtohuman-resourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporatehierarchy.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhuman-resourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofthecorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).Bywayofcontrast,inJapantheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementiscentralusuallythesecondmostimportantexecutive,aftertheCEO,inthefirm'shierarchy.

WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforce,infacttheyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremploye