2011年全國職稱英語等級考試真題及答案綜合類(A)

經(jīng)典word整理文檔，僅參考，雙擊此處可刪除頁眉頁腳。本資料屬于網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，如有侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系刪除，謝謝！年全國職稱英語等級考試真題及答案綜合類（A級）2011-8-310:36中華會計網(wǎng)?！敬笾行　俊敬蛴　俊疚乙m錯】第1部分：詞匯選項（第1-15題，每題1分，共15分）下面每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個意義最為接近的選項。1Forsomeobscurereason,thesimplegameisbecomingverypopular.AunclearBobviousCmajorDminor2Theseaturtle'snaturalhabitathasbeenconsiderablyreduced.AgreatlyBsuddenlyCgenerallyDslightly3IgotanotefromMoiraurgingmetogetintouch.AinstructingBnotifyingCpushingDinviting4Itispossibletoapproachtheprobleminadifferentway.AraiseBposeCexperienceDhandle5Thedecisiontoinvadeprovokedstormsofprotest.AignoredBorganizedCcausedDreceived6Janesaidthatshecouldn'ttoleratethelonghours.AspendBtakeClastDstand7At80,PeckwasstillvigorousandlivinginParis.AenergeticBhappyCaloneDbusy8Foresterstaredathiscar,tremblingwithrage.AshakingBturningCjumpingDshouting9Ayoungmanisbeinghailedaherotonightafterrescuingtwochildren.AreportedBprovedCpraisedDcaught10Iwantedtoaskheroutbutwasscaredthatshemightrefuse.AanxiousBsureCsadDafraid11Atthattime,wedidnotfullygraspthesignificanceofwhathadhappened.AgiveBattachCloseDunderstand12Andersonleftthetable,remarkingthathehadsomeworktodo.AdoubtingBsayingCthinkingDknowing13Heassertedthatnuclearpowerwasasafeandnon-pollutingenergysource.AmaintainedBrecommendedCconsideredDacknowledged14Thestudyalsonotesasteadydeclineinthenumberofcollegestudentstakingsciencecourses.ArelativeBgeneralCcontinuousDsharp15Shealwaysfindsfaultwitheverything.AcriticizesBsimplifiesCevaluatesDexamines第2部分：閱讀判斷（第～22題，每題1分，共7分）下面的短文列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇。TheForbiddenAppleNewYorkusedtobethecitythatneversleeps.Thesesdays,it'sthecitythatneversmokes,drinksordoesanythingnaughty(atleast,notinpublic).TheBigAppleisquicklyturningintotheForbiddenApple.IfyouwantedaglassofwinewithyourpicnicinCentralPark,couldyouhaveone?Nochance.Drinkingalcoholinpublicisn'tallowed.Ifyoudecidedtofeedthebirdswiththelastcrumbs碎屑)ofyoursandwich.,youcouldbearrested.It'sillegal.Ifyouwenttoabarforadrinkandacigarette,thatwouldbeOK,wouldn'tit?Er…no.Youcan'tsmokeinpublicinNewYorkCity.What'sgoingon?Whyisthecitythatusedtobesoopen-mindedbecominglikethis?ThemayorofNewYorkisbehinditall.Heahsbroughtinawholelotofnewlawstostopcitizensfromdoingwhattheywant,whentheywant.Thepressareshocked.EventheNewYorkpolicehavejoinedtheargument.Theyrecentlyspent$100,000ona"Don'tblamethecop"campaign.OneNewYorkpoliceofficersaid,"Weraisemoneyforthecitybygivingpeoplefinesforbreakingsomeverystupidlaws.It'sallaboutmoney."Theresultisalotoffinesforminoroffences.YoavKashida,anIsraeltourist,fellasleeponthesubway.Whenhewokeup,twopoliceofficersfinedhimbecausehehadfallenasleepontwoseats(youmustn'tusetwoseatsinthesubway).ElleandSergeSchroitmanwerefinedforblockingadrivewaywiththeircar.Itwastheirowndriveway.TheangryeditorofVanityFairmagazine,GraydonCarter,says,"UnderNewYorkCitylawitisacceptabletokeepaguninyourplaceofwork,butnotanemptyashtray."Heshouldknow.Thepolicecametohisofficeandtookawayhisashtray(煙灰缸)。ButnotalloftheNewYork'sinhabitantsarecomplaining.MarciaDugarry,72,said,"Thecityhaschangedforthebetter.Ifmorecitieshadtheselaws,Americawouldbeabetterplacetolive,"NixonPatotkis,38,abarman,said,"Ilikethenewlaws,ifpeoplesmokedinhere,we'dgohomesmellingofcigarettes."RecentfiguresshowthatNewYorknowhasfewercrimesper100,000peoplethan193otherUScities.Andit'strue-it'ssafe,cleanerandmorehealthythanbefore.Butlet'sbehonest-whogoestoNewYorkforitscleanstreets?16.SomeactivitieshaverecentlybecomeillegalinNewYork.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned17.ItisnowillegaltosmokeordrinkalcoholanywhereinNewYork.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned18.Eatingapplesintheparkisillegal.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned19.Thebusinessmenlikethenewlaws.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned20.ElleandSergeSchronitmanparkedtheircaronthepublicdriveway.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned21.TheeditorofVanityFairmagazinethinkssomeofthenewlawsarestupid.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned22.NewYorkiscleanerandsaferthanbefore.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned第3部分：概括大意與完成句子（第～30題，每題1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2123～26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第14段每段選擇1個最佳標(biāo)題；（2）第27～30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定1個最佳選項。AreYouaSuccessfulLeaderAlmostnothingwedointhisworldisdoneinisolation.Atworkoratplay,you'llfindyourselfingroups,workingwithotherpeople:yourteamatwork,ameetingwithcolleagues,yourfamily,aholidaywithfriends,agroupofstudentsworkingtogether,adayoutwalkinginthemountains,agroupofneighborswantingtomakechanges.Itisnowrecognisedthatbeingabletoworksuccessfullywithotherpeopleisoneofthemajorkeystosuccess,partlybecauseweneedtodoitsooften.Inalmosteverysituationwhereyou'reinagroup,youwillneedaskilledleader.Allgroupsneedleadersandallsuccessfulgroupshavegoodleaders.Groupswithoutleadersorwithweakleadersalmostalwaysbreakdown.Membersofaleaderlessgroupoftenbegintofeeldissatisfiedandfrustrated.Timeiswastedandthetasksarenotachieved.Thereareoftenargumentsandtensionsbetweenpeopleasthereisnobodytokeepthegoalsclear.Somepersonalitiesdominateandothersdisappear.Oftengroupmembersbeginnottocometomeetingsinordertoavoidmoredisharmony.Somepeoplearenaturalleaders.Thecelebritychef,AntonioCarlucciosays,"Trueleadersarebornandyoucanspottheminkitchens."They'repeoplewhocombinetoughness,fairnessandhumour.Althoughalotofpeopleagreethattherearesomenatural-bornleaders,mostpeoplenowrecognisethatleadershipcanalsobetaught.Ourprofessionalandexperiencedstaffcantrainalmostanyonehowtobeasuccessfulleader.Goodleadersdon'tmakepeopledothingsinabossy,controllingway.Youcanlearnhowtoinvolveeveryone,encouragingthewholegrouptoworktowardsacommongoal.Ourtrainingcoursesuseactivitiesandtechniquestodeveloparangeofqualitieswhicharenecessarytobeagoodleader.Self-confidenceisvitalforyoutoovercomeyourownfearsaboutbeingaleader.Successfulleadersalsoneedtobecalmandintelligent.Theyneedtobeabletoworkoutgoodstrategiesandmakesoundjudgmentsunderpressure.Lastly,andprobablymostimportantly,goodleadersneedtobesensitive,sociableandbeabletogetonwithawiderangeofpeople.Goodleadershipisessentiallytheabilitytoinfluenceothersandgoodleadersallowallmembersofthegrouptocontribute.23.Paragraph1_____________24.Paragraph2_____________25.Paragraph3_____________26.Paragraph4_____________A.Agoodleaderneedsavarietyofqualities.B.ThesetechniquesareusedtotrainleadersC.TrainingcanmakegoodleadersD.Mostofgoodleadersarenatural-bornE.It'simportanttohaveagoodleaderF.Peopleareingroups27.Oneofthemajorkeystosuccessis_________.28.Groupsoftenbreakdownbecauseof__________.29.Goodleadersalwaysavoid___________.30.Self-confidenceisthekeyto___________..A.theabilitytoworkwithothersB.encouraginggroupmembersC.lackofgoodleadersD.bossingpeoplearoundE.workingoutgoodstrategiesF.overcomingfearsaboutbeingaleader第4部分：閱讀理解（第～45題，每題3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。第一篇TheSmellofMoneyFormanyyearslargesupermarketshavebeenencouragingustospendmoneybypumpingthesmelloffreshly-bakedbreadintotheirstories.NowDaleAir,aleadingfirmofaroma(香氣)consultants,hasbeenapproachedbyBarclay'sBanktodevelopsuitableartificialsmellsfortheirbanks.Researchershavesuggestedthatsurroundingcustomerswiththe"smellifmoney"willencouragethemtofeelrelaxedandoptimisticandgivethemaddedconfidenceinthebank'ssecurityandprofessionalism.Butbeforeasmellcanbemanufacturedandintroducedintobanks'airconditioningsystems.Itmustbeidentifiedandchemicallyanalyzed,andthishasprovedtobedifficult.Theproblemisthatbanknotes-andcoinstendtopickupthesmelloftheirsurroundings.Socashthathasbeensittinginacashregisteratafishmonger's(魚販)willsmelloffish,andbanknotesusedtopayformealsinrestaurantswilltendtosmelloffood.Itmaybeachallenge,butaromaexpertshavelittledoubtthattheuseofartificialsmellscanbeaneffectiveformofsubconsciousadvertising.LunnPoly,aBritishtravelcompany,introducedthesmellofcoconuts(椰子)intoitstravelagenciesandsawabigincreaseinspendingbyholidaymakers.Manycafesnowhaveelectricdispensers(自動售貨機)thatreleasethesmelloffreshlyroastedcoffeeneartheirentrances,subtlyencouragingcustomerstocomeinandhaveadrinkorsnack.EvenprestigiouscarmakerRolls-Roycehasbeensprayingtheinsideofitscarstoenhancethesmelloftheleatherseats."Thesenseofsmellisprobablythemostbasicandprimitiveofallhumansenses,"explainsresearcherJimO'Rordan."Thereisadirectpathwayfromtheolfactory(嗅覺的)organsinthenosetothebrain."Itiscertainlytruethatmostpeoplefindcertainsmellsincrediblystrong,stringingmemoriesandfeelingsinawaythatfewotherstimulants(刺激物)canrival.Itisaphenomenonmarketingconsultantshavelongrecognized,butuntilrecentlyhavebeenunabletoharness."We'vemadegreatprogressbutthetechnologyofodourproductionisstillinitsinfancy,"saysO'Riordan,"Whoknowswhereitwilltakeus."31.ArtificialsmellshaveNOTbeenusedin___________.AcafesBbanksCtravelagenciesDsupermarkets32.Researchersbelievethatintroducingthe"smellofmoney"intobankswillencouragepeople___________.AtospendmoneyBtofeelconfidentaboutbanksCtoearnmoremoneyDtowithdrawmoneyfrombanks33.Thedifficultyofproducingthe"smellofmoney"liesinthat___________.Apeople'sattitudestowardmoneyaredifferentBit'shardtoidentifyandanalyzeitCnotechnologycandoitDexpertshavenomotive34.Theword"harness"inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto___________.AseeBstudyCcontrolDunderstand35.Researchersthink___________.Aartificialsmellshelptoimprovepeople'smemoryBthetechnologytoproduceartificialsmellsisintheearlystageCartificialsmellsareharmfulDtheproductionofartificialsmellsisprofitably第二篇SpoiltforChoiceChoice,wearegivento1believe,isaright.Indailylife,peoplehavecometoexpectendlesssituationsaboutwhichtheyarerequiredtomakedecisionsonewayoranother.Inthemain2,thesearejustirksomemomentsatworkwhichdemandsomeextraenergyorbrainpower,orduringlunchbreakslikechoosingwhichtypeofcoffeetoorderorindeedwhichcoffeeshoptogoto.Butsometimesselectingoneoptionasopposedtoanothercanhaveseriousorlifelongrepercussions.Morecomplexdecision-makingistheneitheravoided,postponed,orputintothehandsofthearmyofprofessionals,lifestylecoaches,lawyers,advisors,andthelike,waitingtolightentheemotionalburdenforafee.Butforagoodmanypeopleintheworld,inrichandpoorcountries,choiceisaluxury,notaright.Andforthosewhothinktheyareexercisingtheirrighttomakechoices,thewholesystemismerelyanillusion,createdbycompaniesandadvertiserswantingtoselltheirwares.Themainimpactofendlesschoiceinpeople'slivesisanxiety.Buyingsomethingasbasicasacoffeepotisnotexactlysimple.Easyaccesstoawiderangeofconsumergoodsinducesasenseofpowerlessness,evenis癱瘓）,inmanypeople,endingintheshoppergivingupandwalkingaway,orjustbuyinganunsuitableitemthatisnotreallywantedinordertosolvetheproblemandreducetheunease.RecentsurveysintheUnitedKingdomhaveshownthatasizeableproportionofelectricalgoodsboughtperhouseholdarenotreallyneeded.Theadvertisersandthemanufacturersare,nonetheless,satisfied.Itisnotjusttheiravailabilitythatistheproblem,butthespeedwithwhichnewversionsofproductscomeonthemarket.Advancesindesignandproductionmeanthatnewitemsarealmostreadybythetimethatgoodshittheshelves.Productsalsoneedtohaveashortlifespansothatthepubliccanbepersuadedtoreplacethemwithinashorttime.Theclassicexampleiscomputers,whicharealmostoutdatedoncetheyarebought.Atfirst,therewereonlyoneortwoavailablefromalimitednumberofmanufacturers,butnowtherearemanycompaniesallwithnotonlytheirownproductsbutdifferentversionsofthesamemachine.Thismakesselectionaproblem.Gonearethedayswhenonecouldjustwalkwitheaseintoashopandbuyonething;nochoice,noanxiety.Theplethora（過剩）ofchoiceisnotlimitedtoconsumeritems.Withthegreatermobilityofpeoplearoundtheworld,peoplehavemorechoiceaboutwheretheywanttoliveandwork-afairlyrecentphenomenon.Inthepast,nationsmigratedacrosshugeswathesoftheearthinsearchoffood,adventure,andmorehospitableenvironments.Wholenationscrossedcontinentsandchangedthefaceofhistory.Sothemobilityofpeopleisnothingnew.Thecreationofnationstatesandborderseffectivelyslowedthisprocessdown.36.Sometimespeopleaskprofessionalstohelpthemmakedecisionsbecause__________.AthedecisionsmayhaveseriousimpactontheirlivesBonlyprofessionalshavetherighttodothatCtheyhavesufficientmoneytopayDtheyhaveemotionalproblems37.Whenpeoplecannoteasilydecidewhattobuy,whichofthefollowingistheleastpossiblechoice?AGivingupBWalkingawayCBuyinganunsuitableitemDSeekingadvice38.Whydoproductshaveashortlifespannowadays?ATheyareofpoorquality.BTheyarequicklyreplacedwithnewones.CTheyhavetoomanyversions.DTheyarenotdesignedbycomputers.39.Howdoesmigrationtodaydifferfromthatofthepast?APeoplenowmigratetofindbetterjobs.BPeoplenowmigrateforbetterlife.CPeoplenowmigrateforbetterenvironments.DPeoplenowhavemorechoiceaboutwheretomigrate.40.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthewriter'sviewonchoice?ABettermorechoicethannochoiceBBetternochoicethanmorechoiceCAllchoiceiseasyDMorechoice,moreanxiety第三篇CellPhones:HangUporKeepTalking?Millionsofpeopleareusingcellphonestoday.Inmanyplacesitisactuallyconsideredunusualnottouseone.Inmanycountries,cellphonesareverypopularwithyoungpeople.Theyfindthatthephonesaremorethanameansofcommunication-havingamobilephoneshowsthattheyarecoolandconnected.Theexplosionsaroundtheworldinmobilephoneusemakesomehealthprofessionalworried.Somedoctorsareconcernedthatinthefuturemanypeoplemaysufferhealthproblemsfromtheuseofmobilephones.InEngland,therehasbeenaseriousdebateaboutthisissue.Mobilephonecompaniesareworriedaboutthenegativepublicityofsuchideas.Theysaythatthereisnoproofthatmobilephonesarebadforyourhealth.Ontheotherhand,whydosomemedicalstudiesshowchangesinthebraincellsofsomepeoplewhousemobilephones?Signsofchangeintheissuesofthebrainandheadcanbedetectedwithmodernscanning(掃描)equipment.Inonecase,atravelingsalesmanhadtoretireatayoungagebecauseofseriousmemoryloss.Hecouldn'trememberevensimpletasks.Hewouldoftenforgetthenameofhisownson.Thismanusedtotalkonhismobilephoneforaboutsixhoursaday,everydayofhisworkingweek,foracoupleofyears.Hisfamilydoctorblamedhismobilephoneuse,buthisemployer'sdoctordidn'tagree.Whatisitthatmakesmobilephonespotentiallyharmful?Theanswerisradiation.High-techmachinescandetectverysmallamountsofradiationfrommobilephones.Mobilephonecompaniesagreethatthereissomeradiation,buttheysaytheamountistoosmalltoworryabout.Asthediscussionabouttheirsafetycontinues,itappearsthatit'sbesttousemobilephoneslessoften.Useyourregularphoneifyouwanttotalkforalongtime.Useyourmobilephoneonlywhenyoureallyneedit.Mobilephonescanbeveryusefulandconvenient,especiallyinemergencies.Inthefuture,mobilephonesmayhaveawarninglabelthatsaystheyarebadforyourhealth.Sofornow,it'swisenottouseyourmobilephonetoooften41.PeoplebuycellphonesforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTthat_____________.Athey'repopularBthey'recheapCthey'reusefulDthey'reconvenient42.Theworld"detected"inparagraph3couldbebestreplacedby_____________.AcuredBremovedCdiscoveredDcaused43.Thesalesmanretiredyoungbecause_____________.AhedislikedusingmobilephonesBhewastiredoftalkingonhismobilephoneChecouldn'tremembersimpletasksDhisemployer'sdoctorpersuadedhimto44.Onthesafetyissueofmobilephones,themanufacturingcompanies_____________.AdenytheexistenceofmobilephoneradiationBdevelopnewtechnologytoreducemobilephoneradiationCtrytoprovethatmobilephonesarenotharmfultohealthDholdthattheamountofradiationistoosmalltoworryabout45.Thewriter'spurposeofwritingthisarticleistoadvisepeople_____________.AtobuymobilephonesBtoupdateregularphonesCtousemobilephoneslessoftenDtostopusingmobilephones第5部分：補全短文（第46-50題，每題2分，共10分）下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。Mt.DesertIslandThecoastoftheStateofMaineisoneofthemostirregularintheworld.Astraightlinerunningfromthesouthernmostcoastalcitytothenorthernmostcoastalcitywouldmeasureabout225miles.Ifyoufollowedthecoastlinebetweenthesepoints,youwouldtravelmorethantentimesasfar.Thisirregularityistheresultofwhatiscalledadrownedcoastline____(46)Atthattime,thewholeareathatisnowMainewaspartofamountainrangethattoweredabovethesea.Astheglacier(冰川)descended,however,itexpendedenormousforceonthosemountains,andtheysankintothesea.Asthemountainssank,oceanwaterchargedoverthelowestpartsoftheremainingland,formingaseriesoftwistinginletsandlagoons(咸水湖).Thehighestpartsoftheformermountainrange,nearesttheshore,remainedasislands.____(47)Marinefossilsfoundherewere225feetabovesealevel,indicatingtheleveloftheshorelinepriortotheglacier.The2,500-mile-longrockycoastlineofMarinekeepswatchovernearlytwothousandislands.Manyoftheseislandsaretinyanduninhabited,butmanyarehometothrivingcommunities.Mt.DesertIslandisoneofthelargest,mostbeautifuloftheMainecoastislands.Measuring16milesby12miles.Mt.Desertwasessentiallyformedastwodistinctislands,_____(48)Foryears,Mt.DesertIsland,particularlyitsmajorsettlement,BarHarbor,affordedsummerhomeforthewealthy.Recentlythough,BarHarborhasbecomearapidlygrowingartscommunityaswell.But,thebestpartoftheislandistheunspoiledforestlandknownasAcadiaNationalPark.Becausetheislandsitsontheboundarylinebetweenthetemperate(帶)andsub-Arcticzones,theislandssupportstheplantsandanimalsofbothzonesaswellasbeach,inland,andalpine(高山的)plants.____(49).TheestablishmentofAcadiaNationalParkin1916meansthatthisnaturalreservewillbeperpetuallyavailabletoallpeople,notjustthewealthy.VisitorstoAcadiamayreceivenatureinstructionfromtheparknaturalistsaswellasenjoycamping,cycling,andboating.Ortheymaychoosetospendtimeatthearcheologicalmuseum,learningabouttheStoneAgeinhabitantsoftheisland.ThebestviewonMt.DesertIslandisfromthetopofCadillacMountain.____(50)Fromthesummit,youcangazebacktowardthemainlandoroutovertheAtlanticOceanandcontemplatethebeautycreatedbyaretreatingglacier.AItalsoliesinamajorbirdmigrationlaneandisarestingspotformanybirds.BMt.DesertIslandisoneofthemostfamousofalloftheislandsleftbehindbytheglacierCThewealthyresidentsofMt.DesertIslandselfishlykeptittothemselves.DThetermcomesfromtheactivityoftheiceage.EThismountainrises1,532feet,makingitthehighestmountainontheAtlanticseaboard.FItissplitalmostinhalfbySomesSound,adeepandnarrowstretchofwatersevenmileslong.第6部分：完形填空（第51-65題，每題1分，共15分）下面的短文有15處空白，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個最佳選項。SexchangesurgeryguidelinesdraftedChinaissettoissueitsfirstclinicalguidelineonsex-changetoanoticeputonthewebsiteoftheMinistryofHealthyesterday.Theministryisnowsoliciting(征求)publicandprofessional__________(51)onthedraftguideline.Thecomingguidelineaimstoregulateandstandardizesexreassignmentsurgery.Experts__________(52)nearly2，000Chinesehaveundergonesex-changesurgerywhile，000to400，000arestillconsideringit.However，noofficialnumberisavailable.Inthedraft，theMOHsetsminimum__________(53)forbothsurgicalcandidatesandmedicalinstitutions.Candidatesforthesurgerymustbeolderthan20andsingle，thedraftguidelinesaid.Theyarealsorequiredtoproveapersistent__________(54)forasexchange，toliveforatleastfiveconsecutiveyearsfull-timeinthenewgenderroltoengageinmentaltherapyforatleastoneyear.Beforesurgerycantakeplace，acandidatemustreceivearecommendationfortheoperationfroma__________(55)afteranappropriateseriesoftherapysessions.Also，severallegalrequirementsmustbemet__________(56)theprocedure.Thecandidatemustprovideprooffrompolicethatheorshehasdoesnothaveanycriminal__________(57)inthepast.Policemustalsoagreetochangethesexstatusontheidentitycardoftheprospective(未來的)receiverbeforethe__________(58)cantakeplace.Theadvent出現(xiàn))ofsuchaguidelineisbelievedtoshowthatthegovernmentisconcerned__________(59)theneedsofarelativelysmallnumberofpeoplewhowanttochangesex.Butdoctorsalsowarn__________(60)allstakeholders，includingthehospitalandprospectivereceivers，shouldbehighlycautiousaboutthissurgery.Theoperationismorethanamedical__________(61)duetoitshugesocialandlegalconsequences.Doctorsshouldmakeitcleartothose__________(62)sex-changesurgeriesthattheoptionalwaysremainstocontinuetoliveintheoriginalrole.Theguideline__________(63)surgeonstotellpatientsaboutotheroptionssuchashormonetherapy.Theyarealsorequiredtoexplainthe__________(64)involved，andunderlyingsocialbarriersincludingdiscrimination，andadministrativerecognitionandapproval.Forthecandidatesthesurgeryitselfisnotthe__________(65)issueinthelongrun.Therealissueisthekindoflifeheorshewillhavetoleadafterward.51.ApoliciesB.placesC.opinionsD.services52.AacknowledgeB.estimateC.suggestD.advocate53.ApatternB.recordC.criteriaD.example54.AproblemB.desireC.effortD.feedback55.ApsychologistB.physicistC.chemistD.geologist56.AbeforeB.afterC.underD.during57.AcourtsB.offencesC.tendenciesD.damages58.AaccidentB.debateC.conferenceD.operation59.AaboutB.withC.toD.of60.AifB.whileC.whatD.that61.AprocedureB.careC.conditionD.examination62.AfollowingB.helpingC.studyingD.seeking63.ArecommendsB.putsC.requiresD.warns64.ArisksB.differencesC.reasonsD.facts65.AsocialB.bigC.economicD.current2011年度全國職稱英語等級考試綜合類（A級）試題題解第1部分：詞匯選項1Aobscureunclear同義，obviousobscure的反義詞；major和minor分別為主要的和次要的意思。2、Aconsiderably意為相當(dāng)大地、在很大程度上"，是副詞，修飾動詞，故用greatly替換。又如:HisEnglishhasbeenconsiderablyimproved.他的英語大有起色。slightly為它的反義詞。3、C動詞urge"敦促、催促的意思，push通常的意義是推，但可以轉(zhuǎn)義而具有和urge相同的意義，又如：Theresidentsarepushingthelocalauthoritiestotakememeasurestohandlethepollutionproblemimmediately.居民們敦促地方當(dāng)局立即采取措施處理污染問題。4、Dapproach做動詞有多種解釋，其中一種和handle意義相近，即處理、對待等，如：approachtheissuewithanimpartialattitude已不偏不倚的態(tài)度來對待這個問題，approachthesubjectfromahistoricalpointofview從歷史的角度來看這個主題。5Cprovoke是:provokeindignationofthepublic激起公憤，cause可以表達同樣的意義，但要普通得多。6、Dtolerate是忍受的意思，如:toleratetheheat忍受酷熱，toleratetheloneliness忍受孤獨，toleratethehumiliation忍受侮辱。和它同義的詞常用的有bear,endure和stand。7、Avigorous是活力充沛的意思，和energetic同義8Atrembling是動詞tremble的-ing發(fā)抖，在四個選項中只有shaking具有同樣的意義。9、Chail這個動詞有"熱情贊揚、歡呼認可等意思，如:Theyhailedtheyoungpianistforhismarvelousperformance.他們對那位年輕鋼琴家的出色演奏大家贊揚。Thebanditshailedhimtheirleader.土匪們擁他為王。注意本句中的謂語動詞Theyoungmanisbeinghailed...是被動式，現(xiàn)在進行時。10、Dscared是害怕"的意思，很常用，如:Thekidswereallscaredbyhisfiercelook.孩scared并非"懼怕?lián)腶fraid相當(dāng)。11、Dgrasp這個動詞是抓住的意思，可用于具體的事物，如:grasptherope/myhand抓住繩索/抓住我的手，也可以用于抽象的概念，如：graspthemainidea/hismeaning抓住要點/理解他的意思。在本句中g(shù)raspthesignificanceofwhathadhappened就相當(dāng)于understandthesignificanceofwhathadhappened.12、Bremark這個動詞就是說的意思，所以這里就用saying來代替它。13、Aassert是個比較正式的詞，表示聲言、提出主張等，故和表示自己立場的maintain同義。Recommend推薦，consider考慮，acknowledge承認。14、Csteady是穩(wěn)定的意思，asteadydecline則是穩(wěn)步下降，在這個上下文中可以用continuous來代替它，即不斷下降。Sharpdecline則是急劇下降。15、Afindfaultwithsomething/someone是個固定的表達式，意為找茬、吹毛求疵，所以和criticize（批評）基本同義。第2部分：閱讀判斷16、A在第二段里給了好幾個例子，如在公共場所不許喝酒、不許用面包屑喂鳥、酒吧里不許抽煙等，說明在紐約有些行為最近被定為違法。17、B文章只說在紐約公共場所不得抽煙，并非在所有的地方都禁止抽煙，也不是在哪里都不可以喝含酒精的飲料，在酒吧還是可以喝的。18、C文中沒有提到在公園里不可以吃蘋果。19、C文中說到某些人對新的法規(guī)的反應(yīng)，但沒有講到商人們的反應(yīng)如何。20、B文中原句是這樣說的:ElleandSergeSchroitmanwerefinedforblockingadrivewaywiththeircar.Itwastheirowndriveway.他們擋住的車道并非是公共車道，而是他們自己的車道。21ATheangryeditorofVanityFaireGraydon"UnderNewYorkCitylawitisacceptabletokeepaguninyourplaceofwork，butnotanemptyashtray."雖然這位編輯沒有用stupid:槍支可以帶到工作場所，但卻不可以帶一個空的煙灰缸。22、A從文章的最后一段可見。第3部分：概括大意與完成句子23、F第一段的第一句話就講世上幾乎沒有什么事我們是單槍匹馬去完成的。接著舉了好幾個人們在群體中生活和工作的例子。所以Peopleareingroups.正是本段的中心。24、E本段的第一句Inalmosteverysituationwhereyou'reinagroup，youwillneedaskilledleader.就是它的主題句。本段要講的就是任何一個群體都需要有一個領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。25、C本段雖然以Somepeoplearenatural（有些人生來就是當(dāng)頭的。）開始，但作Althougha1otofpeopleagreethattherearesomenatural-bornleaders，mostpeoplenowrecognizethatleadershipcanalsobetaught.這句話可以看到。所以Trainingcanmakegood1eaders.概括了本段的大意。26、A本段的第一句是它的主題句:Ourtrainingcoursesuseactivitiesandtechniquestodeveloparangeofqualitieswhicharenecessarytobeagoodleader.arangeofqualities就是avarietyofqualities，即各種素質(zhì)。27、A答案可見第一段的最后一句:...being