2015年職稱英語理工B真題及答案匯總

經(jīng)典word整理文檔，僅參考，雙擊此處可刪除頁眉頁腳。本資料屬于網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，如有侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系刪除，謝謝！2015理工B真題及答案第一部分詞匯選項1.Theorganizationwasboldenoughtofacethepress.A.pleasedB.powerfulC.brave2.Iwillnottoleratethatsortofbehaviorinmyclass.A.acceptB.controlC.observe3.IrealizedtomyhorrorthatIhadforgottenthepresent.A.limitB.fearC.power4.Mostpeoplefindrejectionhardtoaccept.A.excuseB.clientC.destiny5.She'sextremelycompetentandindustrious.A.hardworkingB.honestC.objective6.Thedoctorsdidnotrevealthetruthtohim.D.sensibleD.regulateD.foolD.refusalD.independentA.hide7.Hetriedtoassemblehisthoughts.A.clearB.shareB.handleC.discloseD.establishD.spareC.gather8.Thelawcarriesapenaltyofuptothreeyearsinprison.A.messageB.punishmentC.guiltD.obligation9.Prisonerswerekeptinthemostappallingconditions.A.flexibleB.terribleC.reasonable10.Theseproductsareinferiortothosewebroughtlastyear.A.poorerthanB.narrowerthanC.largerthanD.richerthan11.Thepoliticalsituationintheregionhasdeterioratedrapidly.A.improvedB.changedC.worsenedD.developed12.Therewasasimultaneoustrialtakingplaceinthenextbuilding.A.coexistingB.fairC.fullD.pubic13.They'repetitioningforbetterfacilitiesforthedisabledonpublictransport.A.requestingB.planningC.preparingD.looking14.Hesaidsomeharshwordsabouthisbrother.A.unkindB.properC.normal15.Wewereattractedbythelureofquickmoney.D.seriousD.unclearD.tempA.amountB.supplyC.sum第二部分閱讀判斷ADHDLinkedtoAirPollutantsChildrenhaveanincreasedofattentionproblems,seenasearlyasgradeschool.Iftheirnosesinhaled（吸入）acertaintypeofairpollutionwhentheywerepregnant.That'sthefindingofanewstudy.Releasedwhenthingsaren'tburnedcompletely,thispollutionisknownaspolycyclicaromatichydrocarbons,orPAHs.ThebiggestsourcesofthesePAHs：theburningoffossilfuels,woodandtrash.FredericaPereraworksatColumbiaUniversity'sMailmanSchoolofPublicHealthisNewYorkCity.Sheresearcheshowexposuretothingsintheenvironmentaffectschildren'shealthinanewstudy,sheandherteamstudiedtheexposuretoairpollutionof233nonsmokingpregnantwomeninNewYorkCity.Becauseburningtobaccocanspew（排放）PAHsintotheairandlungs,Perera'steamfocusedonnonsmokers.Theresearcherswantedtoprobe（探查）othersourcesofPAHs,onesthat'swouldhavebeenhardforanindividualtoavoid.Theteamstartedbytestingthebloodofeachwomanduringpregnancy.ThereasonAnyPAHsinawoman'sbloodwouldalsobeavailabletothebabyinherwomb.Nineyearslater,theresearchersinvestigatedsignsofattentionproblemsinthosechildren,nowage9.Theyaskedeachchild'smotheraseriesofquestions.Theseincludedwhateverherchildhadproblemsdoingthingsthatneededsustained（長期的）mentaleffort,suchashomeworkorgameswithfriends.Thescientistsalsoaskedifthekidshadtroublefollowinginstructionsormadefrequent,carelessmistakes.AllofthesecanbesymptomsofadisordercalledAttentionDeficitHyperactivityDisorder,orADHD.AboutoneinU.S.childrenhasADHD.Amongthewomenstudied,trafficandhomeheatingweretheprimarysourcesofairpollutionexposure,Pereraandherteamsuspect.SomeofthesewomenhadlowlevelsofPAHsintheirblood.Ohtershadhighlevels.Thosewithhighlevelswerefivetimesaslikelytohavechildrenwhoshowedattentionproblemsbyage9.ThenewfindingswerepublishedNovember5inthejournalPLOSONE.16.PereraandherteamchosenonsmokingpregnantwomenalloverAmerica.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned17.ThemainpurposeoftheresearchwastofindouthowexposuretoPAHsplayedaroleinharmingthesubjects'physicalhealth.A.Right18.NonsmokingmotherswereselectedbecausetheeffectofsmokingonPAHswasunclear.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned19.Thebloodofeachwomanwastestedonceamonthduringpregnancy.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned20.KidswithADHDcommonlyfailinschool.A.RightB.WrongC.NotmentionedB.WrongC.Notmentioned21.ThewomenwithhighlevelsofPAHsintheirbloodweremorelikelytohavekidswithADHD.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned22.TrafficandhomeheatingwereconsideredtobethebiggestsourcesofPAHsforthesubjectsintheresearch.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned第三部分概括大意與完成句子FirstImage-recognitionssoftware1）DartmouthresearchersandtheircolleagueshavecreatedanartificialintelligencesoftwarethatusesphotostolocatedocumentsontheInternetwithfargreateraccuracythaneverbefore.2）Thenewsystem,witchwastestedonphotosandisnowbeingappliedtovideos,showsforthefirsttimethatamachinelearningalgorithm（運(yùn)算法則）forimagerecognitionandretrievalisaccurateandefficientienoughtoimprovelarge-scaledocumentsearchesonline.Thesystemusespixel（像素）datainimagesandpotentiallyvideo—ratherthanjusttext—tolocatedocuments.Itlearnstorecognizethepixelsassociatedwithasearchphrasebystudyingtheresultsfromtext-basedimagesearchengines.Theknowledgegleaned（收集）fromthoseresultscanthenbeappliedtootherphotoswithouttagsorcaptions（圖片說明），makingformoreaccuratedocumentsearchresults.3）"Overthelast30years,"saysAssociateProfessorKorenzoTorresani,aco-authorofthestudy,"thewebhasevolvedfromasmallcollectionofmostlytextdocumentstoamodern,massive,fast-growingmultimediadatastet,wherenearlyeverypageincludesmultiplepicturesofvideos.WhenapersonlooksataWebpage,heimmediatelygetthegist（主旨）ofitbylookingatthepicturesinit.Yet,sruprisingly,allexistingpopularsearchengine,suchasGoogleorBing,stripawaytheinformationcontainedinthephotosanduseexclusivelythetextofWedpagestoperformthedocumentretrieval.Ourstudyisthefirsttoshowthatmodernmachinevisionsystemsareaccurateandefficientenoughtomakeeffectiveuseoftheinformationcontainedinimagepixelstoimprovedocumentsearch"4）Theresearchersdesignedandtestedamachinevisionsystem—atypeofartificialintelligencethatallowscomputerstolearnwithoutbeingexplicitlyprogrammed—thatextractssemantic（語義的）informationfrompixelsofphotosinWebpages.ThisinformationgisusedtoenrichthedescriptionoftheHTMLpageusedbysearchenginesfordocumentretrieval.Theresearcherstestedtheirapproachusingmorethan600searchqueries（查詢）onadatabaseof50millionWedpages.Theyselectedthetext-retrievalsearchenginewiththebestperformanceandmodifiedittomakeuseoftheadditionalsemanticinformationextractedbytheirmethodfromthepicturesoftheWebpages.Theyfoundthtthisproduceda30percentimprovementinprecisionovertheoriginalsearchenginepurelybasedontext.23.Paragraph1___D__24.Paragraph2___C__25.Paragraph3__E___26.Paragraph4__F___A.PopularityofthenewsystemB.PublicationofthenewdiscoveryC.FunctionofthenewsystemD.ArtificialintelligencesoftwarecreatedE.ProblemsoftheexistingsearchenginesF.Improvementiindocumentretrieval27.Thenewsystemdoesdocumentretrievalby__C___.28.Thenewsystemisexpectedtoimproveprecisionin___E__.29.Whenperformingdocumentretrievaltheexistingsearchenginesignore___A__.30.Thenewsystemwasfoundmoreeffectiveindocumentsearchthanthe__B___.A.informationinimagesB.currentpopularsearchenginesC.usingphotosD.machinevisionsystemsE.documentsearchF.descriptionoftheHTMLpage第四部分閱讀理解第1篇WhyBuyShade-GrownCoffee?Whenpeopleargueaboutwhethercoffeeisgoodforhealth,they'reusuallythinkingofthehealthofthecoffeedrinker.Isitfoodforyourheart?Doesitincreasebloodpressure?Doesithelpyouconcentrate?However,coffeeaffectsthehealthofthehumanpopulationinotherways,too.Traditionally,coffeebusheswereplantedunderthecanopy（樹冠）oftallerindigenous（土生土長的）trees.However,moreandmorefarmersinLatinAmericaaredeforestingthelandtogrowfull-suncoffees.Atfirst,thisincreasesproductionbecausemorecoffeebushescanbeplantediftherearen'tanytrees.Withincreasedproductioncomeincreasedprofits.Unfortunately,deforestingforcoffeeproductionimmediatelydecreaseslocal-wildlifehabitat.Nativebirdsnestandhidefrompredators（捕食者）inthetalltreesandmigratingbirdsrestthere.Furthermore,inthelongterm,thefull-sunmethodalsodamagestheecosystembecausemorechemicalfertilizersandpesticidesareneededtogrowthecoffee.Thefertilizersandpesticideskillinsectsthateatcoffeeplant,butthenthebirdseatthepoisonedinsectsandalsodie.Thechemicalskillorsickenotheranimalsaswell,andcanevenenterthewaterthatpeoplewilleventuallydrink.Fortunately,farmersinCentralandSouthAmericaarebeginningtogrowmorecoffeebushesintheshade.Wecansupportthesefarmersbybuyingcoffeewithsuchlabelsas"shadegrown"and"birdfriendly."Sure,thesevarietiesmightcostalittlemore.Butwe'repayingforthehealthofthebirds,theland,ourselves,andtheplanet.Ithinkit'sworthit.31.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Farmersarechangingthewaytheygrowcoffee.B.Coffeeisbecomingmoreexpensivetoproduce.C.Shade-growcoffeeismoreexpensivethansun-growcoffee.D.Peopleshouldbuyshade-growncoffee.32.Thefunctionoftheword"Traditionally"inParagraph2istoshow_____.A.thepositiveeffectsofcoffee.B.achangeofcoffeegrowth.C.somethingthatisthemostimportant.D.howcoffeeproductionusedtobe.33.Whatdoesincreasedproductionoffull-suncoffeebringabout?A.Moreinsects.C.Largerfarms.B.Betterqualitycoffee.D.Higherprofits.34.Howdofarmersfindmorelandforgrowingfull-suncoffee?A.Theybuymorelandfromotherfarmers.C.Theymovetoanothercountry.B.Theycutdowntrees.D.Theyturngrasslandintofarmland.35.Thefull-sunmethodmayaffectthefollowingEXCEPT_____.A.insects.B.air.C.brids.D.humans.第2篇MoreRuralResearchisNeeded(出自理工教材概括大意與完成句子第9篇）Agriculturalresearchfundingisvitaliftheworldistofeeditselfbetterthanitdoesnow.Dr.TonyFischer,cropscientist,saiddemandwasgrowingat2.5%peryearbutwithmoderntechnologiesandthedevelopmentofnewones,theworldshouldbeabletostayahead."Theglobaldeclineininvestmentininternationalagriculturalresearchmustbereversedifsignificantprogressistobemadetowardsreducingmalnutrition（營養(yǎng)不良）andpoverty."hesaid.Researchisneededtosolvefoodproduction,landdegradation（貧瘠化）andenvironmentalproblems.Securelocalfoodsuppliesledtoeconomicgrowthwhichisturn,slowedpopulationgrowth.Dr.Fischerpaintedapictureoftheworld'sabilitytofeeditselfinthefirst25years,whentheworld'spopulationisexpectedtorisefrom5XtoXbillionpeople.Hesaidthatthingswillprobablyholdorimprovebutthere'llstillbealotofhungrypeople.Thebiggestconcentrationofpoorandhungrypeoplewouldbeinsub-SaharanAfricaandsouthernAsiain2020,similartothecurrentipattern.Ifthereisanychange,asligheimprovementwillbeseeninsouthernAsia,butnotinsub-SaharanAfrica.ThemajorimprovementwillbeinEastAsia,SouthAmericaandSouth-EastAsia.Thedebelopingworldwasinvestingabout0.5%,or$8billionayear,ofitsagriculturalgrossdomesticproduct（GDP）onresearchanddevelopedworldwasspending2.5%ofitsGDP.Dr.Fischersaidmorewasneededfromallcountries.Hesaidcropresearchcouldproducetechnologiesthatspreadacrossmanycountries,suchaswheatproductionresearchhavingspin-offs（有用的副產(chǎn)品）forMexico,ChinaorIndia."Technologiesstillneedtoberefinedforthelocalconditionsbutalotofthestrategicresearchcanhaveglobalapplication,sothatmoneycanbeusedveryefficiently."Dr.Fischersaid.Yieldsofrice,wheatadmaize（玉米）havegrownimpressivelyinthepast30years,especiallyindevelopingcountries.Forexample,maizeproductionrosefrom2to8tonnesperhectarebetween1950and1995.Buttechnologiesdrivingthisgrowthsuchashigh-yieldvarieties,fertilizers,andirrigation,werebecomingexhausted."Ifyouwanttosavethelandfornon-agriculturalactivities,forforestsandwildlife,you'regoingtohavetoincreaseyield."Dr.Fischersaid.36.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Shortageoffoodsupplies.B.Developmentofagriculturaltechnologies.C.Impactofagriculturalresearch.D.Expectationofpopulationgrowth.37.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueabouttheworld'sagriculturalresearchfunding?A.Itisincreasingamongdevelopedcountries.B.Itisdecreasingworldwide.C.Lessisdemandedfromdevelopingcountries.D.Mostofitisspentveryefficiently.38.WhatisthepictureofAsia'sfoodsuppliesinthefirst25years?A.Foodshortagewillnotbeaproblem.B.TherewillbemorehungrypeopleinsouthernAsia.C.Populationgrowthwillresultinmorehungrypeople.D.TherewillbefewerhungrypeopleinEastAsia.39.WhatdoesDr.Fischersayabouttechnologies?A.Theyarecostly.B.Theyhavetobeimprovedtomeetlocalneeds.D.Theyhavetobeappliedlocally.C.Theirapplicationislimited.40.Itcanbeinferedfromthelastparagraphthat_____.A.thereisademandforsavinglandfornon-agriculturalactivities.B.cropproductionisgrowingfasterindevelopingcountries.C.maizeproductionreacheditspeakinthe1990s.D.technologiesimprovingmaizeproductionhavebeenwelldeveloped.第3篇Dangersawaitbabieswithaltitude（出自理工教材閱讀判斷第9篇）Womenwholiveintheworld'shighestcommunitiestendtogivebirthtounder-weightbabies,anewstudysuggests.Thesebabiesmaygrowintoadultswithahighriskofheartdiseaseandstrokes.Researchhashintedthatnewbornsinmountaincommunitiesarelighterthanaverage.Butitwasn'tclearwhetherthisisduetoreducedoxygenlevelsathighaltitudeorbecausetheirmothersareunder-nourished—manypeoplewholiveathighaltitudesarerelativelypoorcomparedwiththoselivinglowerdown.Tofindoutmore,DinoGiussaniandhisteamatCambridgeUniversitystudiedtherecordsof400birthsinBoliviaduring1976and1998.Thebabieswereborninbothrichandpoorareasoftwocities：LaPazandSantaCruz.LPazisthehighestcityintheworld,at3.65kilometersabovesealevel,whileSantaCruzismuchlower,at0.44kilometers.Sureenough,GiussanifoundthattheaveragebirthweightofbabiesinLaPazwassignificantlylowerthaninSantaCruz.Thiswastrueinbothhighandlow-incomefamilies.EvenbabiesborntopoorfamiliesinSantaCruzwereheavieronaveragethanbabiesborntowealthyfamiliesinloftyLaPaz."Wewereverysurprisedbythisresult，"saysGiussani.Theresultssuggestthatbabiesbornathighaltitudearedeprivedofoxygenbeforebirth."Thismaytriggerthereleaseorsuppressionofhormonesthatregulategrowthoftheunbornchild，"saysGiussani.Histeamalsofoundthathigh-altitudebabiestendedtohaverelativelylargerheadscomparedwiththeirbodies.Thisisprobablybecauseafetusstarvedofoxygenwillsendoxygenatedbloodtothebraininpreferencetorestofthebody.Giussaniwantstofindoutifsuchbabieshaveahigherriskofdiseaseinlaterlife.PeopleborninLaPazmightbepronetohearttroubleinadulthood,forexample.Lowbirthweightisariskfactorforcoronary（冠狀的）heartdisease.Andnewbornswithahighratioofheadsizetobodyweightareoftenpredisposedtohighbloodpressureandstrokesinlaterlife.41.Whatdoesthenewstudydiscover?A.Babiesborntowealthyfamiliesareheaver.B.Womenlivingathighaltitudetendtogivebirthtounderweightbabies.C.Newbornsincitiesarelighterthanaverage.D.Low-altitudebabieshaveahighriskofheartdiseaseinlaterlife.42.Giussaniandhisteamaresurethat_____.A.babiesborninLancePazareonaveragelighterthaninSantaCruz.B.peoplelivingathighaltitudestendtogivebirthtounderweightbabies.C.thebirthweightofbabiesborntowealthyfamiliesisSantaCruz.D.mothersinLaPazarecommonlyunder-nourished.43.ItcanbeinferredfromwhatGiussanisaysinParagraph4that_____.A.thefindingwasunexpectedB.hewasverytired.C.thestudytooklongerthanexpected.D.hewassurprisedtofindlow-incomefamiliesinLaPaz.44.Theresultsofthestudyindicatethereasonfortheunderweightbabiesis_____.A.lackofcertainnutrition.B.powertyoftheirmother.C.differentfamilybackgrounds.D.reductionofoxygenlevels.45.Itcanbelearnedaboutformtheparagraphthat_____.A.high-altitudebabiestendtohavehighbloodpressureinlaterlife.B.under-weightbabieshaveashorterlifespan.C.babiesborntopoorfamilieslackhormonesbeforebirth.D.newbornwealthyfamilieshavelargerheadscomparedwiththeirbodies.第五部分補(bǔ)全短文SavingaCity'sPublicArtAvoidingtrafficjamsinLosAngelesmaybeimpossible,butthecity'scolorfulfreewaymurals（壁畫）canbrighteneventheworstcommute.Paintingsthatdepict（描述）famouspeopleandhistoricalscenescoverofficebuildingsandfreewaywallsallacrossthecity.Withacollectionofmorethan2，000murals,LosAngelesistheunofficialmuralcapitaloftheworld.Butthecombinationofgraffiti（涂鴉）,pollution,andhotsunhasleftmanyL.A.muralsinterriblecondition.___A__（46）Inthepast,expertssay,littleattentionwasgiventocaringforpublicart.Artistswereevenexpectedtomaintaintheirownworks,notaneasytaskwithcarsracingbyalongthefreeway.___D__（47）Theworkstartedin2003.Sofar,16wallshavebeenselected,andmoremaybeaddedlater.Untilabout1960,publicmuralsinLosAngeleswererare.Butinthe1960sand1970s,youngL.A.artistsbegantostudyearly20th-centuryMexicanmuralpainting.___C__（48）ThemostfamousmuralinthecityisJudithBaca's"TheGreatWall,"a13-foot-high（4-meter-high）paintingthatrunsforhalfamile（0.8kilometer）inNorthHollywood，__E___（49）ittookeightyearstocomplete—400underprivilegedteenagerspaintedthedesigns—andisprobablythelongestmuralintheworld.OneofthemuralsthatwillberestorednowisKentTwitchell's"SeventhStreetAltarpiece."whichhepaintedfortheLosAngelesOlympicsin1984.__B___（50）Twitchellsaid,"ItwasmeantasakindofgatewaythroughwhichthetravelertoL.A.mustdrive.Theopenhandsrepresentpeace.”Artistsoftencallmuralsthepeople'sart.Alongabusyfreewayorhiddeninaquietneighborhood,muralscanreachpeoplewhowouldneverpaymoneytoseefineartinamuseum,"Muralsgiveavoicetothesilentmajority，"saidoneartist.A.Thecitytryingtostopthespreadofgraffiti,haspaintedoversomeofthemuralscomplete.B.ThisstrikingworkdepictstwopeoplefacingeachotheronoppositesidesofthefreewayneardowntownLosAngeles.C.ArtistslikemuralsbecausetheyliketheworkofMexicanartists.D.Nowthecityisbeginningahugeprojecttorestorethecity'smurals.E.ThemuralrepresentsthehistoryofethnicgroupsinCalifornia.F.Soon,theirmuralsbecameasymbolofthecity'sculturalexpressionsandashowcaseforL.A.'sculturaldiversity.第六部分完形填空I'llBeBach我也能成為巴赫（出自理工教材閱讀理解第29篇，押中文章）ComposerDavidCopeistheinventorofacomputerprogramthatwritesoriginalworksofclassicalmusic.IttookCope30yearstodevelopthesoftware.Nowmostpeoplecan't_____（51）thedifferencebetweenmusicbythefamousGermancomposerJ.S.Bach（1685-1750）andtheBach-likecompositionsfromCope'scomputer.Itallstartedin1980intheUnitedStates,whenCopewastryingtowriteanopera.Hewashaving_____（52）thinkingofnewmelodies,sohewroteacomputerprogramtocreatethemelodies.Atfirstthismusicwasnot_____（53）tolistento