英語直接引語和間接引語

歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10直接引語和間接引語⑴詼戊SpeechandindirectSpeech）1時(shí)間2021.03.10創(chuàng)作：歐陽治直接引語：直接引述別人的原話，叫直接引語。間接引語：用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫間接引語。間接引語在多數(shù)情況下構(gòu)成賓語從句。直接引語一般前后要加引號(hào)，間接引語不用引號(hào)。例如：MrBlacksaid,“I'mbusy”布萊克先生說：“我很忙”（直接引語）MrBlacksaidthathewasbusy.布萊克先生說他很忙。（間接引語）1、直接引語如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，用連詞that引導(dǎo)（that在口語中常省略），從句中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等要作相應(yīng)變化。在這一方面，漢語和英語有許多相似之歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10處，因此，在做直接引語和間接引語轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí)時(shí)，要特別注意句子的意義。1)人稱的變化Hesaid,“Ilikeitverymuch.”他說：“我非常喜歡它。”Hesaidthathelikeditverymuch.他說他非常喜歡它。Hesaidtome,“I'veleftmybookinyourroom.”他對(duì)我說：“我把書放在你的房間里了?！盚etoldmethathehadlefthisbookinmyroom.他告訴我他把書放在我的房間里了。2)時(shí)態(tài)的變化如主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)，直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)方面要作相應(yīng)的變化。如主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)則無需變化。時(shí)態(tài)的變化例句直接引語間接引語歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一一般過去時(shí)Hesaid,“I'mafraidIcan'tfinishthiswork.”Hesaidthathewasafraidhecouldn'tfinishthatwork.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一過去進(jìn)行時(shí)Hesaid,“I'musingtheknife.”Hesaidthathewasusingtheknife.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一過去完成時(shí)Shesaid,“IhavenotheardfromhimsinceMay.”ShesaidthatshehadnotheardfromhimsinceMay.一般過去時(shí)一過去完成Hesaid,“Icametohelpyou.”Hesaidthathehadcometohelpme.過去完成時(shí)不變Hesaid,“Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper.歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10Hesaidthathehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforesupper.3）指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和動(dòng)詞的變化：變化例句直接引語間接引語this-that這個(gè)-那個(gè)Shesaid,“Iwillcomethismorning."Shesaidthatshewouldgothatmorning.these-those這些二那些Hesaid,"Thesebooksaremine."Hesaidthatthosebookswerehis.now-then現(xiàn)在-那時(shí)Hesaid,"Itisnine0'clocknow."Hesaidthatitwasnine0'clockthen.today-thatday歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10今天-那天Hesaid,"Ihaven'tseenhertoday."Hesaidthathehadn'tseenherthatday.yesterday-thedaybefore昨天-前一天shesaid,"Iwentthereyesterday."Shesaidthatshehadgonetherethedaybefore.tomorrow-thenext(following)day明天-第二天shesaid,"I'llgotheretomorrow."Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethenext(following)day.here-there這里-那里come-go來-去歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10

歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10注：(1)直接引語如果是客觀真理，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：Hesaid,"Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound."Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.⑵如果在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，here不必改為there,動(dòng)詞come不必改為go.如果在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述yesterday,tomorrow等時(shí)間狀語也不必改變。直接引語變間接引語。見下表。分類連接詞例句注意事項(xiàng)補(bǔ)充說明當(dāng)直接引語為“陳述句”時(shí)連接詞：that(口語中常常省略)Hesays,“Iwillgototheparktomorrow.”-Hesays(that)hewillgototheparktomorrow.Hesaid,“Iwillgototheparktomorrow.”-Hesaid(that)hewouldgototheparktomorrow.Hesaidtome,“youcanhelpher.”-Hesaidtome(that)Icouldhelpher..1.連接詞：that.人稱：1主，2賓，3不變歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10.時(shí)態(tài)。1.黑體部分是連接詞。斜體部分為間接引語部分。.間接引語部分均為陳述語序。.間接引語部分實(shí)際上是賓語從句，連接詞之間的叫主句。.當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，間接引語部分與直接引語的時(shí)態(tài)相同。.當(dāng)主句是一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，間接引語部分變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)直接引語是“一般疑問句”時(shí)。連接詞：if或者whether.可譯為：是否Heaskedme,“Areyougoodatmath?’---HeaskedmeifIwasgoodatmath.HeaskedAmy,“Doyouloveme?”---HeaskedAmywhethershelovedhim.Heasksme,“Isshereading?”---Heasksmeifsheisreading.1.連接詞：if,whether.語序：改為“陳述語序”。歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10（去掉：Do,Does,Did改變Are,Is,Will,Can…位置）.人稱：1主，2賓，3不變.時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)直接引語為“特殊疑問句”時(shí)。連接詞：直接引語中的特殊疑問詞。Heaskedhiswife,“Howareyou?”---Heaskedhiswifehowshewas.Heaskedme,“Whatcolordoyoulike?”---HeaskedmewhatcolorIliked.Heasksme,“wherewillshego3dayslater.”---Heasksmewhereshewillgo3dayslater.1.連接詞：特殊疑問詞.語序：改為“陳述語序”。（去掉：Do,Does,Did改變Are,Is,Will,Can…位置）.人稱：1主，2賓，3不變.時(shí)態(tài)。歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10當(dāng)直接引語為“祈使句”時(shí)沒有連接詞。用：ask(tell)sb.todosth改寫?；騮ell(ask)sb.nottodosth.改寫HesaidtoAmy,“Becareful!”-HeaskedAmytobecarefUl.Heshouted,“Lily,Closethedoor.”-HetoldLilytoclosethedoor.Hesaidtome,“Don'tbelate.”-Heaskedmenottobelate.1.不用連接詞.不改變時(shí)態(tài)。.無須考慮語序.人稱：1主，2賓，3不變1.斜體部分為間接引語部分。.間接引語部分是動(dòng)詞不定式，在句中作賓語補(bǔ)足語。重點(diǎn)概括：直接引語變間接引語有著時(shí)態(tài)，人稱，時(shí)間狀語，地點(diǎn)狀語的變化。.時(shí)態(tài)變化：歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10直接引語：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)間接引語：一般過去時(shí)直接引語：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)間接引語：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)直接引語：一般將來時(shí)間接引語：過去將來時(shí)直接引語：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)間接引語：過去完成時(shí)直接引語：一般過去時(shí)間接引語：過去完成時(shí).人稱變化：SheaskedJack,"Wherehaveyoubeen?"SheaskedJackwherehehadbeen..指示代詞的變化：thisthat；thesethoseHesaid,"Thesebooksaremine."Hesaidthatthosebookswerehis..時(shí)間狀語的變化：nowthen；todaythatday；yesterdaythedaybefore；tomorrowthenextday/thefollowingdayMyfathersaid,“Iworkedheretwentyyearsago.歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10Myfathersaidthathehadworkedtheretwentyyearsbefore..地點(diǎn)狀語的變化：herethereHeaskedme,“HowcanIgethere?"Heaskedmehowhecouldgetthere.直接引語變間接引語的句式變化：.陳述句：間接引語用that連接或that連接詞省略。.一般疑問句：間接引語用if或whether,said改為asked,句子用陳述語序。.特殊疑問句：間接引語用原來的特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)，句子用陳述句語序。.語法知識(shí)歸納直接引語的祈使句變間接引語的方法：要將祈使句動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閹А皌o”的不定式，并且在不定式的前面根據(jù)意思加上tell,ask,order等詞，如果是否定式，不定式前面加"not"。歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10歐陽治創(chuàng)編2021.03.10"Openthewindow,"theteachersaidtotheboy.The