全球比特幣產(chǎn)業(yè)碳足跡報告-2021-英文

CarbonFootprintReport2021Introduction1BackgroundaboutSAIandtheSupercomputingIndustry2ReportObjective3Scope4Process5ResultsandAnalysis6PathwaytoEliminateCarbonEmissions7InternationalCommitment8ConclusionandProspects92.1SAI2.2SupercomputingIndustry4.1GeographicalScope4.2ProductandServicesScope4.3CO2Equivalent5.1Process5.2Specifications5.3Confidentiality6.1KeyFacts6.2SeasonalEffect6.3CentralAsiaProject:anExampleofHeatRecovery6.4ResultsandAnalysis7.1RenewableEnergy7.2HeatRecovery7.3WaterStewardship7.4CarbonOffset7.5PathwaytoEliminateCarbonEmissionsContentsIntroductionCurrentlyAhorizontallyintegratedcleanenergytechnologycompanyFoundedin2019ThevicechairmanunitoftheCleanHeatingIndustryCommittee(CHIC)CoretechnologysectorsSAIHEAT(chipwasteheatutilization)SAIWATT(cleanpowerconsumption)SAIBYTE(computingcloudnetworksystem)SAICHIP(newcomputingchip)DrivingourpeerstotransformtogetherPromotesocietytoachievecarbonneutralitySolvetheclimatecrisisThefirstcompanyinsupercomputingandcryptoindustrywhoaddresseditcarbonfootprintandactivelyinvolvedintheactivitiesheadingtocarbonneutralityPurposeSAIispleasedtopresenttoyouourcarbonfootprintmethodologyreportandtheresultsofourfirstnationalwidedatacollectionexercise.AboutthereportMaincontentsThereportpresentsthecarbonfootprintofSAIinyear2020.Themajoritycarbonemissionsarefromtheelectricityconsumptionsforrunningthedatacentersandbitcoinmining.However,SAIhasexploreddifferentwaystorecoverandreusewasteheatinordertocreateadditionalsourcesofincomeandoffsetelectricitycosts.SupportThisdocumentwasmadepossiblethankstothesupportofSustainabilityAccountingStandardsBoard(SASB),UNFCCCofficersandotherprofessionalswhoadviseduswiththeirexpertiseincarbonfootprintcalculation,reportstandards.OurVisionRegardingWetrustyouwillfindthisdocumentuseful,andSAIremainsatyourdisposaltoansweranycommentsorquestionyoumayhaveregardingtheSAIcarbonfootprint.96%90%+2023oftheheatgeneratedbychipscanberecollectedandusedforheatingtheheatrecollectionrateWithinthedevelopmentoftechnologiesSAICarbonFootprintReport2021BackgroundaboutSAIandtheSupercomputingIndustrySAISAIwasestablishedin2019andhasbeencommittedtosolvingtheproblemofenergycostsofcomputing.Bearingthemissionofbecomingtheworld'sfirsthorizontallyintegratedcleanenergytechnologycompany,SAIservesitscustomersaroundtheworldwithbusinesssolutionsfromcomputingtoelectricitytoheating.Fromtheperspectiveofcleanenergybusiness,SAIhasfourmainbusinesssegments:SAIWATT(cleanpowerconsumption)usesidleenergysuchashydropower,windpower,andassociatedgaspowertogenerateelectricityforcomputing,andrealizesidleenergyconsumptionandpeakshaving,aswellascostsreductionforbothenergyownersandSAIastheoperator.Withcutting-edgecleanenergy-basedcomputingandenergycenter,aswellaswasteheatutilizationtechnologyandpowerconsumptiontechnology,SAIcanreduceupto30%ofenergyconsumptioncostinthecomputingprocess,whilecuttingdowninfrastructureinvestment,thusleadstoahighprofitmarginforthecompanyanditspartners.Inthefuture,SAIwillestablishcomputingandenergycentersaroundtheworldtoprovidecleancomputingpower.Beingtheworld'sfirstdigitalassetcompanytosignUNClimateNeutralNowInitiative,SAI’svaluepropositionissimple:toprovideitscustomerswithlowercostaccesstocleancomputingpowerandhelpthemrealizeimprovedROIonBTCinvestments.MainTechnologySegmentsSAI’sValuePropositionTechnologicalSuperioritySAIHEAT(Chipwasteheatutilization)SAIHEAT,byprovidingintegratedsolutionof“l(fā)iquidcooling+wasteheatutilization”,collectsthewastedheatgeneratedincomputingprocessandreusesit,helpingreducingtheelectricitycostdramaticallywhilereplacingthetraditionalheatsourcewithcleanenergy.SAIWATT(Cleanpowerconsumption)SAIalsoofferscomputingpowercloudservicesandnewchipmaterialstojointlyreducethecostofthecomputingindustry.SAIBYTE(Computingcloudnetworksystem)andSAICHIP(Newcomputingchip).BackgroundaboutSAIandtheSupercomputingIndustrySupercomputingindustryThesupercomputermarketisconcentrated.OnNovember18th,2019,TOP500announcedthelistofglobaltop500supercomputers.Fromtheperspectiveofentrynumbers,ChinahasfurtherstrengtheneditsleadingpositionovertheUnitedStates.Ofthetop500,Chinaaccountsfor228,whiletheUnitedStatesaccountsfor117,presentinganabsoluteleadingadvantageovertheUnitedStates.Fromtheperspectiveofcomputingpower,theUnitedStatesisstillatthetopofthelist.Amongthetop500,theUnitedStatesaccountsfor37.1%ofthetotalcomputingperformance,whileChinaaccountsfor32.3%.However,thegapbetweenthesetwocountriesisshrinking.Nowadays,oneofthebiggestchallengesfacedbysupercomputingispowerconsumption.Theworld’sfastestpetascalecomputerrequires28.3megawattstorun.Asforanexascalecomputer,itmightrequire30to50megawattsofpowertooperate,whichequalstothepowerconsumedbythesumofresidentialbuildingsofatownof50,000to70,000people.Thecostofelectricityishighaswell.TenmegawattofelectricitycostsUSD4millioneachyear.Thus,increasingenergyefficiencywhilereducingcarbonemissionarebecomingthemajorconcernsofthisindustry.Inthefuture,withmoreadvancedchipslikeGPUs,FPGAsbeingbroadlyadoptedbysupercomputers,fasterandhigherperformancewithgreaterenergyefficiencyisexpectedtobeseeninsupercomputingindustry.Supercomputing,alsoknownashighperformancecomputing(HPC),referstocomputingsystemswithextremelyhighcomputationalpowerthatareabletosolvehugelycomplexanddemandingproblems.Nowadays,withlargeramountsofdataconstantlybeinggenerated,from33zettabytesgloballyin2018toanexpected175zettabytesin2025(1zettabyteisequalto1trilliongigabytes),supercomputingprovidesbettersolutionsinmanyfieldsthatpeopleortraditionalcomputerscannotdo.Itisnotonlyanimportantsymbolofacountry'scomprehensivescientificresearchlevel,butalsoanirreplaceableinformationtechnologymeasuretosupportnationalsecurity,economicandsocialdevelopment.SupercomputingTherapiddevelopmentofsomenewindustries,suchascloudcomputing,bigdata,edgecomputing,artificialintelligence,etc.,acceleratedtheevolutionofsuper-computing.GlobalsupercomputingmarketAsfortheglobalsupercomputingmarket,accordingtoReportsandData,itisforecastedtogrowataCAGRof9.5%during2020to2026,reachingUSD13.06Billionby2027.Theincreaseindemandforhigherprocessingpowerandbroadadoptionofsupercomputingsystemsincommercialsectorsarethetwomajorfactorsdrivingthegrowthofthismarket.Applicationsofsupercomputerscanbefoundinengineering,productdesign,complexsupplychainoptimization,andBitcoinmining.Thebiggestchallengesfacedbysupercomputing33175ZettabytesZettabytesSource:TOP500Project,Green500List.ReportObjectiveandScope1GeographicalscopeIn2020,duetotheglobalpandemic,SAI’sbusinessmainlyoperatedinMainlandChina.In2021,SAIwillexpanditsmarketcoverageandoperateitsbusinessinCentralAsia,MiddleEast,EuropeandNorthAmerica.

2ProductandservicesscopeThecoreproductthatSAIself-designed,developediscalledSAICAB.WeinstalledSAICABinallourcryptominingandsupercomputingcentersinChina.SAIoffershostingservicestoclientswhowanttominethecryptocurrenciesbytheirown.SAIalsoownsacertainamountoftheSAICABs.

ScopeEnvironmentalreporting,andmorespecificallycarbonfootprint,hasgainedwidespreadimportanceoverthepastyearsworldwide.ThisinspiredSAItodevelopacarbonfootprintreportforitsGHGemissionsandalsosetitselfasanexampleforitspeersinthesupercomputingandcryptoindustries.In2020,SAIcollecteddatafromeveryaspectofitsbusinesses.Thisreportpresentsthecontext,methodology,andresultsofthefirsteditionofSAI’scarbonfootprintexercise.Theoutcomeofthisexerciseprovidesforthefirsttimeacarbonfootprintcalculationforthebitcoinminingandsupercomputingindustry.Itwillincreasethegeneralknowledgeofthecryptominingindustry.Objective3CO2equivalentTheGHGProtocolProductStandardcoverssixdifferentgreenhousegasses.InadditiontoCO2,italsotakesintoaccountCH4,N2O,SF6,HFCsandPFCs.TheproductcarbonfootprintcalculatedbySAIandpresentedinthisreportwillthereforebepresentedastonneofCO2equivalentpertonne.Theseprocessemissionsarecalculatedbasedonthestoichiometriccalculationsontheinputmaterial.

Withregardtothefuelemissions,fuelconversionfactorswereusedwhichtakenintoaccountthetypicalemissionsfromallsixgreenhousegasesemittedduringcombustionofthedifferentfuelsaswellastheupstreamemissionsrelatedtothesefuels.

MethodologySAIdevelopedadetailedproductcarbonfootprintmethodologyinlinewiththeofficialGreenhouseGasProtocolProductStandard.AnessentialpartofthemethodologywastosetupanextensivedatacollectionexerciseamongstSAIalloperatingsites.Forthispurpose,adetailedsectorguideandquestionnaire(inexcel)weredeveloped.Sitemanagershaddedicatedcollectedallessentialdatatoreport.DatawascollectedontheEnergyIntensity(MWh/tonne).ThisallowedSAItocalculatetheenergyintensityandCO2equivalentcarbonfootprint.SAIalsosendinternalexpertstoallthesitestochecktherealoperationenvironmentanddatacollectionprocess.Weensureallthedataarereliableandcorrect.Process1.Datasources:InaccordancewiththeGHGProductStandard,thecarbonimpactmustbecalculatedbasedonprimarydata.ThedatarequestedfromSAIsitescoveredenergyconsumptionforeachprocessstep.Reportingwascarriedoutatplantlevelinordertomaximizethenumberofdatapointstoassessthevariabilityoftheresults.2.Reportingperiod:Datahasbeenreportedforarolling(continuous)12monthperiodbetweenMarch2020andMarch2021.3.Reportingvalue:ThevaluesofenergyconsumptionforthedifferentenergycarriersandprocessstepshavebeenreportedinMWhforthetotalreferenceflow.TheCO2processemissionshavebeenreportedintonnesofprocessCO2emittedforthetotalreferenceflow.4.Energyconversionfactors:Fortheconversionoffuelsources(expressede.g.inkg/tonneorNm3/tonne)tokWh/tonneoffuel,sitespecificenergyconversionfactorshavebeenusedbasedonthelowercalorificvalue(i.e.usefulheat)providedbythesupplieroftheenergysource.5.Energycarrier:SAIhascalculatedtheCO2footprintfromthereportedMWhandtonnagebasedonthespecificenergycarrierforeachofthereportedvalues.Forthispurpose,energyconsumptiondatahasbeencollectedseparatelyforeachenergycarrier(naturalgas,electricity,andsoon).Confidentiality

AlldatahasbeencollectedbySAIandkeptconfidential.SpecificationsInadditiontothesystemboundariesandprocessstepsdetailedabove,thefollowingspecificationsweregiven.ResultsandAnalysisSAICABcancollectover90%oftheheatgeneratedbychipsandreuseitforcentralheating.90%+100%100%202235%99%+Insummer,100%oftheelectricityconsumedbySAIispoweredbyrenewableenergy.Inwinter,100%oftheresidents’housesandfarmswhichareofferedcentralheatingbySAICABhaveastableindoortemperatureat28-30Celsiusdegrees.Costsoncomputingpowerandheatingpowerarereducedabout35%.SAIisabletoachievecarbonneutralitybefore2022.ThemaincarbonemissionsofSAIcamefromscope2.Over99%ofthecarbonemissionsarefromtheelectricityusedforpoweringthechips.KeyfactsCarbonFootprint2021Emissions(tCO2e)Scope1Petroluse7.58

Scope2Facilitiesenergyuse103,081.51Heatrecoveryemissionssaved10,351.25Netfacilitiesemissions92,730.26Scope3Flightemissions23.35Trainemissions1.30Taxiemissions1.66Trucks(forchiprelocation)247.28SAICarbonFootprintReport2021ResultsandAnalysisSAI’scarbonemissionsvariesindifferentseasons.SAIalsodevelopeditsownsolutionstoachievedecarbonization.Inwinter,SAIsetsitsSAICABintocommunityheatingcenteranduseitasheatgenerator.SAICABwillrecollecttheheatgeneratedbythecomputingchipsandpowertheheatintotheresidents’houses,farm,andotherpublicfacilities.Over90%oftheheatgeneratedbychipsarecollectedforheatingSeasonalEffectElectricityConsumptionDistributionChips86%2%PowerSystem5%OfficeLighting3%WaterCooling4%FanCommunityheatingcenteranduseitasheatgeneratorSAICABResidents’housesFarmOtherpublicfacilitiesTheheatgeneratedbythecomputingchipsWinterSummerInsummer,SAImovesallitsdatacentersandcomputingchipsintowater-richareas,whereSAIsignedanPPAwithlocalhydropowerstation.Itensuresthat100%electricitySAIconsumeswillbegeneratedfromrenewableresources.DatacentersComputingchipsLocalhydropowerstationPPAMoveto100%RenewableResourcesSAICarbonFootprintReport2021ResultsandAnalysisCentralAsiaProject:anExampleofHeatRecoveryWindturbinesandhydropoweraddrenewableenergytotheelectricgridthatsuppliesourdatacenterandcryptominingcenters.Heatfromtheservers&chipsisdirectedoverwatercoilstoheatwater.Thehotwaterdeliverstheheattothecommunityviathedistrictheatingnetwork.123TheSAIHEATEnergy&ComputingCenter43.4℃-7℃Wasteheatgeneratedbycomputing80%GreenhousePilotoperatingcenterinCentralAsiaSAIhassuccessfullydeployedapilotoperatingcenterinCentralAsia.TheSAIHEATEnergy&ComputingCentercanusetechnicalmeanstorecoverthewasteheatgeneratedbycomputing,andthenusetheheatforgreen-househeating.Thegreenhousecanbemaintainedat43.4degrees(theoutdoorenvironmentisminus7degrees).Theaverageheatrecoveryrateofthewholeprocessexceeds80%.Theelectricityusedbythechipscountfor90%oftotalelectricityconsumedinourcryptominingandsupercomputingcenters.90%oftheheatgeneratedbythechipswerecollectedandreuseforcentralheatingofresidentialhouses,farms,publicfacilities.90%Consumedinourcryptominingandsupercomputingcenters90%CollectedandreuseThisallowscustomerstoreducethecostofcomputingpowerandheatingpowerbyabout35%whileeffectivelyreducingthepowersupportinginvestment,realizingacleancomputingsolution.35%ReducethecostofcomputingpowerandheatingpowerUsetherenewableenergiestopowertheminingchips,reusetheheatthechipsself-produced,itisacarbonneutralclosedloop.AcarbonneutralclosedloopRenewableenergiestopowertheminingchipsSAICarbonFootprintReport2021ResultsandAnalysisCarbonFootprintCalculationTravelUnits:tCO2eEmissionsfromTransportFuelUsedTotalfuelcost23,552.00CNYFuelunitcost7.19CNY/litreFueluse3,276.12litresCarbonfactor2.31kgCO2e/litreTotalcarbonemissions7,583.13kgCO2eTotaltripcost15,801.00CNYTripunitcost1.60CNY/kmTotaldistance9,875.63kmCarbonfactor0.16844kgCO2e/kmTotalcarbonemissions1,663.45kgCO2eEmissionsfromTaxiTripsCarbonfactorShorthaul0.1555Longhaul0.1909Average0.1732Totalemissions23.35FlightsEmissionsRailEmissionsCarbonfactor0.03694kgCO2/paxkmTotalemissions1.3004616tCO2eChinaGridRegion2011tCO2/10MWh

SAICarbonFootprintReport202120202021MarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJanFebMarElectricityUsage(kWh)Total----207,138.0111,414.0235,623.0332,106.02,095,006.23,740,828.44,839,695.14,709,900.4HeatRecovery(GJ)Total------243.601,223.565,486.565,727.125,249.586,364.13HeatRecovery(MWh)Total--67.67339.881,524.061,590.881,458.231,767.83ResultsandAnalysisMainStatisticsSAICarbonFootprintReport2021PathwaytoEliminateCarbonEmissionsRenewableEnergyHeatRecoveryWaterStewardshipCarbonOffsetAchievecarbonneutralitybefore2022CarboncreditbuyerCarboncreditsellersSAIenteredintoalong-termrenewableenergysupplyagreementwithregionalrenewableenergypowerstations.ThosepowerstationsagreedtosupplySAI’sDatacenterandcryptominingcenterwitha100%renewableenergysupply.RenewableEnergyInadditiontoitsrenewablepowerpurchases,SAIiscollaboratingwiththedistrictheatingcompanytodevelopheatrecoveryinfrastructure.ThegoaloftheheatrecoveryinfrastructureistorecoverexcessheatfromSAI’sdatacenterandcryptominingcentersandsendtherecycledheatbacktothecommunity.EnergywillberecoveredfromSAI’scomputingchipsandupgradedbyanewlyconstructedheatpumpfacility.HeatRecoverySAIprioritizeswaterstewardshipacrossitsoperationsandthemanycommunitiesitserves.Itsdatacentersareamongthemostwater-efficientintheworld.SAIinvestsincircularsystemsthatreusewaterasmanytimesaspossiblebeforedischargingittowastewatertreatmentplants.WaterStewardshipCarbonneutralityisachievedwhenemissionsfromaproduct,activityorawholeorganizationarenettedoff,eitherthroughthepurchaseofanequivalentnumberofoffsetsorthroughacombinationofemissionsreductionandoffsetting.Therearesomecarbonemissionsthatcannotbeeliminatedbyusingrenewableenergyonly.BasedontheCarbonOffsetstrategiesproposedbyCarbonTrust,wewilltakethefollowingstepstobuyneededcarboncreditstoindirectlyoffsetthecarbonemissionsofSAI.CarbonOffsetStage1DirectemissionsreductionStage2IndirectemissionsreductionStage3Offsetting(optional)CalculateemissionsLookforinternalabatementopportunitiesDevelopanemissionsreduction/carbonmanagementplanEstablishreasonsforbuyingoffsetsDefinetypeofoffsetstobeboughtCarryoutduediligenceonrobustnessofoffsetsMapsupplychainprocessandestablishcarbonfootprintIdentifyopportunitiesforemissionsreductionDevelopanimplementationplanacrossthesupplychainBringnewlow-carbonproductstomarketPathwaytoEliminateCarbonEmissionsGridelectricitydecarbonizationovertimefromnationalpoliciesofincreasingrenewables1Purchasecarbonoffsets5Compensateforcarbonemitted(e.g.fromforestry)Onsiterenewableenergy4ReplacescarbonintensivegridelectricityHeatrecovery(usedfordistrictheating)2SavescarbonfromnaturalgasorcoaldisplacementEnergyefficiencymeasures3Savestotalenergydemand(e.g.moreefficientprocessors）PathwaytoEliminateCarbonEmissionsDevelopDccarbonizationStrategyDecarbonizeScope1GoodsTransportationDecarbonizeScope3StaffBusinessTripDecarbonizeScope1StaffBusinessTripCarbonOffsetStrategyEnergyEfficiencyRenewableEnergyStaffTrainingProductsInnovationTimeScope1Scope2Scope3StrategyIndustrySolutionsBuildingsusemorethanone-thirdoftheworld’senergy,mostenergyisusedforheatingspacesandwater.Mostofthisheatisgeneratedbyburningcoal,naturalgas,oil.Andwherethesefossilfuelsareconsumed,greenhousegasemissionsareagiven.GenerationsourceSolarThermalGroundsourceheatpumpAirsourceheatpumpBiomassboilerDirectelectricheatingGasboilerOilboilerFootprintrange(gramsofco2equivalentperkWhofheat)10-3550-12560-1705-200(mostbelow100)～250210-380310-550Source:TheParliamentaryOfficeofScienceandTechnology0200g400g600gHotWaterBuildingHeatingFloorHeatingHeatingRadiatorElectricheatpumps,firstwidelyusedinthe1970sinEurope,couldbethebestsolutiontocutthatfossilfueluse.Theycouldslashthecarbonemissionsofbuildingsbyhalf.Aheatpumpusesacompressorandrefrigeranttomoveheatfromoneplacetoanother.Itcanextractheatfromoutsideair,eveninthewinter,andreleaseitinsideahouse,basicallylikeanair-conditionerrunninginreverse.Butthepumpisonlysuitablefortheareaswherearenotverycold,andthecostofdeviceismoreexpensive.Thetraditionalheatingflowisshownasbelow.Itinvolvesmanycomponentsinordertobuildupthewholesystem.Itwillgeneratemassivecarbonemissionsduringtheproductionofthosemachines,pipes,etc.Also,consideringaboutthetransportation,maintenancescharges,thetraditionalheatingindustryneedsabrand-newrevolutionwhichcanreducethecarbonemissionsofthewholesystemandenablethewholesocietytoreachtocarbonneutralityinnearfuture.PowerCoolWaterHotWaterWaterPumpSolarEnergyWindPowerGenerationHydroPowerHeatGeneratedbyChipsWaterCoolingandHeatCollectorChipWasteHeatHeatingSystemHeatingSupplyCoalBoilerTheTraditionalHeatingFlowBeforeAfterTheEnergyStructureElectricHeatPumpsTheTraditionalHeatingFlowHeatingGridUserFirstHeatingOutletPipeFirstHeatingReturnPipeSecondHeatingOutletPipeSecondHeatingReturnPipeWaterSupplyResidentialHeatingTemperatureandPressureGaugesHeatingIndustry

UnitCryptoMiningCenterHeatingBoilingCenterTotalConstructionCostsRMB6,500,0008,250,00014,750,000PowerConsumptionKwh44,400,00026,640,00071,040,000OperationCostsRMB14,208,0005,328,00019,536,000PaybackPeriodYear2.9313.75-ConvertedtoCoalTonne13,3217,99321,314ConvertedtoCarbonEmissionsTonne39,96423,97863,762SAICABConstructionCosts5,950,000PowerConsumption44,400,000OperationCosts8,880,000PaybackPeriod2.11ConvertedtoCoal13,321ConvertedtoCarbonEmissions39,964IndustrySolutionsHeatingIndustryInthegloballatitudeareaof40-45degree,a10,000KWheatingboilingcentercansupply200,000squaremetersofheatingrequiredthroughouttheyear.A10,000KWcryptominingcenteralsoneedmassiveenergyinputs.SAICABcangreatlysavethecarbonemissionsEstimationmodelABBuildaheatingboilingcenterandacryptominingcenter.UseSAICABtobuildthecryptominingcenterandalsocollecttheheatfromthechips,powertheheattoresidents’house,publicfacilitiesetc.SAICABcansave

upto59.7%constructioncosts.59.7%SAICABcansave

37.5%

ofpowerconsumption.37.5%Over54.5%operationcostscanbesavedbySAICAB.54.5%SAICABcansave

over7,993tonnesofcoals.37.5%SAICABcansave

over23,798tonnesofcarbonemissions.37.3%Asmorerenewablescomeonline,theycreateatrickyproblemforgridoperators.Sincepeoplecannotcontrolhowmuchsunshinesorhowmuchwindblows,there’saconstantriskofeithertoomuchortoolittleenergyflow.Whenthere’stoolittle,operatorscancompensatebyfiringuphydroorfossilfuelgeneratorswherearemorereliable.Butdealingwithtoomuchenergypresentsacomplexchallenge.Bitcoincanbeminedanywhere.Almostallenergyusedintheworldmustberelativelyclosetoitsend-userproduction,butBitcoindoesnothavethisrestriction,whichallowsminerstoutilizepowerthatisnotavailabletomostotherapplications.Minerscouldusebitcoinminingasa"profitablebattery"toconsumetheidleelectricity.bitcoinminers,ontheotherhand,areanidealcomplementarytechnologyforrenewablesandstorage.Combininggenerationwithbothstorageandminerspresentsabetteroverallvaluepropositionthanbuildinggenerationandstoragealone.Theplan,inotherwords,istosituateBitcoinminingcentersinplaceswhererenewableenergyfarmsoverproduceelectricityduringtimesoflowdemandandsoakupthatexcesspowerformining.Theminegetslow-cost,zero-carbonpower;thewindorsolarfarmgetsareliablebigcustomer.AComplexChallengeofRenewableEnergyIndustrySolutionsHydroPowerPeakCutBitcoin——aBetterOverallValuePropositionIndustrySolutionsHydroPowerPeakCutDuringwaterseason,takingthehydropowerplantasanexample,37.5%ofthegeneratedelectricitywillbewastedbecauseitisoverthecapacitythatrequiredbytheconsumers.Webuiltupafewassumptionstotesthowmuchcarbonemissionscanwereduce.Hydropowerabandonment+coalpoweredcomputing:Theexcesselectricitythathydropowerproducedwillbeabandonedandthecomputingcenterwillbepoweredbyelectricitygeneratedbycoal.Hydropowerstorage+coalpoweredcomputing:Theexcesselectricitythathydropowerproducedwillbestoredandthecomputingcenterwillbepoweredbyelectricitygeneratedbycoal.Hydropowerpoweredcomputing:Theexcesselectricitythathydropowerproducedwillbeusedtopowerthecomputingcenter.UnitHydropowerabandonment+coalpoweredcomputingHydropowerstorage+coalpoweredcomputingHydropowerpoweredcomputingPaybackperiodforinvestinghydropowerpeakshavingYear-9—101.8PaybackperiodforinvestingincomputinghostingYear221Calculatedcarbonemissions

39,96439,9640WasteEstimationTherearemultiplebenefitsofthesolution:Usetherenewableenergiestopowertheminingchips,reusetheheatthechipsself-produced.Benefit1:AcceleratethereturnonenergyinvestmentBenefit2:AcceleratethereturnoncomputinginvestmentBenefit3:ReduceCarbonEmissionsFluegasesfromfossilfuel-basedelectricity-generatingunitsarethemajorconcentratedCO2sourcesworldwide.Directlydischargethepollutantsintoairwillcausemassivecarbonemissions.Naturalgas