五年高考（2016-2020）英語真題分類匯編：專題01閱讀理解之說明文（教師版）

專題01閱讀理解之說明文

【2020年】

1.（2020?新課標(biāo)I）B

Returningtoabookyou'vereadmanytimescanfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend.There'sa

welcomefamiliarity-butalsosometimesaslightsuspicionthattimehaschangedyouboth,and

thustherelationship.Butbooksdon'tchange,peopledo.Andthat'swhatmakestheactof

rereadingsorichandtransformative.

Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresent

mentalregister.It'strue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.Butwithreading,it'sall

aboutthepresent.It?saboutthenowandwhatonecontributestothenow,becausereadingisa

giveandtakebetweenauthorandreader.Eachhastopulltheirownweight.

TherearethreebooksIrereadannuallyThefirst,whichItaketoreadingeveryspringis

ErnestHemningway'sAMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it'shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.

Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating（令人陶醉的），anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitious

yetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnieDillard'sHolytheFinn,herpoetic1975ramble（隨筆）about

everythingandnothing.ThethirdbookisJulioCortazar'sSaveTwilight:SelectedPoems,because

poetry.AndbecauseCortazar.

WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifs,whichmightaddto

themeaningIattachtothem.ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,

rereadinganauthor'sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.Thebestbooksarethe

onesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.Butremember,it'syouthathastogrowandreadandreread

inordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.

24.Whydoestheauthorlikerereading?

A.Itevaluatesthewriter-readerrelationship.

B.It'sawindowtoawholenewworld.

C.Ifsasubstitutefordrinkingwithafriend.

D.Itextendstheunderstandingofoneself.

25.WhatdoweknowaboutthebookAMoveableFeas!?

A.It'sabriefaccountofatrip.

B.It'saboutHemingway'slifeasayoungman.

C.It'sarecordofahistoricevent.

D.It'saboutHemingway'sfriendsinParis.

26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword”currency"inparagraph4referto?

A.Debt

B.Reward.

CAllowance.

D.Facevalue.

27.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?

A.Helovespoetry.

B.He'saneditor.

C.He'sveryambitious.

D.Heteachesreading.

【答案】24.D25.B26.B27.A

這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了重新閱讀的意義和益處并向讀者介紹了作者每年重讀的

三本書。作者鼓勵讀者去重新閱讀書籍。

24.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句"Butbooksdon'tchange,peopledo.Andthat'swhat

makestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative4但是書沒變，人變了。那就是使重新閱

讀行為如此豐富和富于變化之處）"和第二段"Thebeautyofrereadingliesinthatourbondwith

theworkisbasedonourpresentregister.Itistrue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehas

wings.（重新閱讀的美妙之處在于我們與作品的聯(lián)系是基于我們現(xiàn)在的心理狀態(tài)。真的，我

年紀(jì)越大，就越覺得時光飛逝。戶可推知，作者喜歡重新閱讀是因?yàn)橹匦麻喿x可以擴(kuò)展對

自己的理解。故選D項(xiàng)。

25.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Publishedin1964,ifshisclassicmemoirof1920s

Paris."及"anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime”可知，這本書出版于

1964年，這是他關(guān)于20世紀(jì)20年代在巴黎的經(jīng)典回憶錄，是他老年時對那些野心勃勃卻

更簡單的日子的回顧。由此可判斷出AMovableFeast是關(guān)于海明威年輕時的生活。故選B

項(xiàng)。

26.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段中“whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,（雖然金

錢確實(shí)是美妙而必要的）“可知，前后句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，根據(jù)上下文的語境可推知，"rereading

anauthor'sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.“意為”但是但重新閱讀作品是讀

者能支付給他們的最高回報”，由此判斷出劃線詞的意思是“回報故選B項(xiàng)。

27.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“ThethirdbookisJulioCortazar'sSaveTwilight:

selectedpoems,becausepoetry.（第三本書是胡里奧?科塔扎的《拯救暮光之城：詩歌精選》，

因?yàn)樵姼瑁翱芍?，作者是由于喜歡詩歌而喜歡這本書。故選A項(xiàng)。

2.（2020?新課標(biāo)I）C

Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikely

contributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.

Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummer

Olympicsisthe50-kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.But

thesport'srulesrequirethataracewalker'skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingand

onefootremainincontact（接觸）withthegroundatalltimes.It?sthisstrangeformthatmakes

racewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorof

exercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.

Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays,Accordingtomostcalculations,

racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories（卡路里）per

hour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking,althoughfewerthan

running,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormorecaloriesperhour.

However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,Dr.Norbergsays.

Accordingtoherresearch,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightper

step,whileracewalkers,whodonotleavetheground,createonlyabout1.4timestheirbody

weightwitheachstep.

Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner'sknee,are

uncommonamongracewalkers.Butthesport'sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressonthe

anklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthe

sport.Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachor

experiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.Ittakessomepractice.

28.Whyareracewalkersconditionedathletes?

A.Theymustrunlongdistances.

B.Theyarequalifiedforthemarathon.

C.Theyhavetofollowspecialrules.

D.Theyaregoodatswingingtheirlegs.

29.Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?

A.It'smorepopularattheOlympics.

B.It'slesschallengingphysically.

C.It'smoreeffectiveinbodybuilding.

D.It'slesslikelytocausekneeinjuries.

30.WhatisDr.Norberg'ssuggestionforsomeonetryingracewalking?

A.Gettingexperts'opinions.

B.Havingamedicalcheckup.

C.Hiringanexperiencedcoach.

D.Doingregularexercises.

31.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor'sattitudetoracewalking?

A.Skeptical.B.Objective.

C.Tolerant.D.Conservative.

【答案】28.C29.D30.A31.B

這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了競走相比跑步有諸多的優(yōu)勢，但是之前受過傷的人，要

想從事這樣運(yùn)動要謹(jǐn)慎，最好咨詢專家的建議。

28.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Butthesport'srulesrequirethataracewalker'skneesstay

straightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontactwiththegroundatall

times.”可知，但這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動的規(guī)則要求競走者的膝蓋在擺動腿的大部分時間保持伸直，一只

腳始終與地面接觸。由此可知，競走運(yùn)動員是需要具備某些條件的運(yùn)動員是因?yàn)檫\(yùn)動員需

要遵守特殊的規(guī)則。故選C項(xiàng)。

29.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwith

running,suchasrunner'sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.”可知,—"些與跑步有關(guān)的

損傷，比如跑步者的膝蓋，在競走者中并不常見。由此可知，競走與跑步相比的優(yōu)勢是不

太可能導(dǎo)致膝蓋受傷。故選D項(xiàng)。

30.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Dr.Norberg說的話“Infact,anyonewishingtotryrace

walkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique（事實(shí)

上，任何想嘗試競走的人都應(yīng)該首先咨詢教練或有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的競走運(yùn)動員，學(xué)習(xí)適當(dāng)?shù)募?/p>

巧。）”可知I,Dr.Norberg建議想嘗試競走的人征詢專家的建議。故選A項(xiàng)。

31.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段”Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,

researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsown

problem”可知，研究表明，競走和跑步一樣有很多健身益處，而且它還很少導(dǎo)致受傷。不

過，它也有自己的問題。由此判斷出作者對于競走的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選B項(xiàng)。

3.（2020.新課標(biāo)I）D

Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.

Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,for

example,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employees

wereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.

TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）havetakenitastepfurther

changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusual

functions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey're

shortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater."We'rethinking

abouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,H

explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.

Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsgrow（發(fā)光）inexperimentsusingsome

commonvegetables.Strano'steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-half

hours.Thelight,aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby,isjustastart.The

technology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreeinto

self-poweredstreetlamps.

inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedonto

plantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant'slifetime.Theengineersarealso

tryingtodevelopanonandoff"switch"wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.

Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingis

oftenfarremovedfromthepowersource（電源）-suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreet

lampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission（傳輸）.

Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.

32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.

B.Abigfallincrimerates.

C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.

D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.

33.WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineer?

A.Todetectplants5lackofwater

B.Tochangecompositionsofplants

C.Tomakethelifeofplantslonger.

D.Totestchemicalsinplants.

34.Whatcanweexpectoftheglowingplantsinthefuture?

A.Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.

B.Theymaytransmitelectricitytothehome.

C.Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.

D.Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.

35.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?

B.Howdowelivewithglowingplants?

C.Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?

D.Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?

【答案】32.D33.A34.C35.C

這是一篇說明文。文章主耍說明r綠色植物對人們很有好處，因此麻省理工學(xué)院的工

程師開發(fā)了一種發(fā)光植物。文章介紹了他們發(fā)明這種植物的過程，以及這種植物的一些優(yōu)

勢，指出在未來發(fā)光植物有可能取代路燈，達(dá)到節(jié)約能源的作用。

32.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,for

example.discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employees

wereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.

可知例如，在俄亥俄州揚(yáng)斯敦進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，城市綠化較好的地區(qū)犯罪率較低。在

另一項(xiàng)研究中，當(dāng)員工的工作場所被室內(nèi)植物裝飾時，他們的工作效率會提高15%。由此

可知，第一段的主旨是關(guān)于綠色植物的益處。故選D。

33.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontheir

leavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsin

groundwaler.可知這就包括葉子上印有傳感器來顯示植物缺水的情況的植物，還有一種植物

可以檢測到地下水中的有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)。由此可知，麻省理工學(xué)院工程師植物葉片上印上傳

感器的作用是檢測植物缺水的情況。故選A。

34.細(xì)節(jié)理解題°根據(jù)最后一段中Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandtherefore

helpsaveenergy.可知發(fā)光的植物可以縮短這段距離，從而幫助節(jié)約能源。由此可知，這種

發(fā)光的植物在未來可能有助于減少能源消耗。故選C。

35.主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段中Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricity

consumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource-suchasthe

distancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduring

transmission.Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.可知照明

約占美國總耗電量的7%。由于照明通常遠(yuǎn)離電源，例如從發(fā)電廠到偏僻公路上路燈的距

離，在傳輸過程中會損失大量能源。發(fā)光的植物可以縮短這段距離，從而幫助節(jié)約能源。

結(jié)合文章主要說明了綠色植物對人們很有好處，因此麻省理工學(xué)院的工程師開發(fā)了一種發(fā)

光植物，文章介紹了他們發(fā)明這種植物的過程，以及這種植物的一些優(yōu)勢，指出在未來發(fā)

光植物有可能取代路燈，達(dá)到節(jié)約能源的作用。由此可知，C選項(xiàng)”發(fā)光的植物能取代路燈

嗎?”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C。

4.（2020?新課標(biāo)II）B

Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearchers

saidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.

PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenthe

UniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelop

betterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition（認(rèn)知）after

controllingfbrdifferencesinparents'income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levine

said.

Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivities

athomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetter

spatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.

“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthat

assessedtheirabilitytorotate（旋轉(zhuǎn)）andtranslateshapes,Levinesaidinastatement.

Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalf

ofchildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohave

childrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshad

betterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andthe

parentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythan

parentsofgirls.

ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.

24.Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?

A.Buildingconfidence.B.Developingspatialskills.

C.Learningself-control.D.Gaininghigh-techknowledge.

25.WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment?

A.Parents'age.B.Children'simagination.

C.Parents'education.D.Child-parentrelationship.

26.Howdoboydifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?

A.Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.

B.Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.

C.Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.

D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.

27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Amathematicalmethod.B.Ascientificstudy.

C.AwomanpsychologistD.Ateachingprogram.

【答案】24.B25.C26.D27.B

本文是說明文。是關(guān)于孩子們玩智力游戲的研究，介紹了研究考慮的因素，研究過程

和結(jié)果。

24.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中…foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and

4developbetterspatialskill（在2歲到4歲之間玩智力游戲的兒童在空間能力方面更好）可知，

孩子們可以從智力游戲中發(fā)展更好的空間技能。B.Developingspatialskills（發(fā)展空間能力）

符合以上說法，故選B項(xiàng)。

25.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorof

cognitionaftercontrollingfordifferenceinparents*income,educationandtheamountofparent

talk,Levinesaid.(Levine說，在控制了不同父母的收入、教育和父母談話次數(shù)后，拼圖游戲

被發(fā)現(xiàn)是一個重要的認(rèn)知預(yù)測）可知Levine在設(shè)計(jì)這個試驗(yàn)時考慮了父母的收入、教育程度

和父母談話的次數(shù)。C.Parents'education4父母的教育）符合以上說法，故選C項(xiàng)。

26.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplex

puzzlesthangirls,可知男孩比女孩更喜歡玩復(fù)雜的謎題，即他們可能會玩難度更大的謎題。

D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.（他們有可能玩更復(fù)雜的謎題）符合以上說法，

故選D項(xiàng)。

27.主旨大意題。本文是關(guān)于孩子們玩智力游戲的研究，介紹了研究考慮的因素，研究

過程和結(jié)果。所以是關(guān)于科學(xué)研究的。B.Ascientificstudy（一項(xiàng)科學(xué)研究）符合以上說法，

故選B項(xiàng)。

5.（2020?新課標(biāo)H）C

Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,

furprobablydidn'tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion（時裝）enthusiastsaretrying

tobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria（海貍鼠）.

UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhave（showcased）nutriafurmadeinto

clothesindifferentstyles.4tItsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouunderstandthat

thenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear”,saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorof

RighteousFur.

ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.Someof

thefurendsupinthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.

NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild."The

ecosystemdowntherecan'thandlethisnon-nativespecies（物種destroyingtheenvironment.

It'sthemorus."saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertinthisfield.

Thefurtradekeptnutriacheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthe

late1980s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.

BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramfbrLouisiana.Hesaysifsnot

easytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.Huntersbringin

morethan300,000nutriatailsayear,sopartofMouton'sjobthesedaysistryingtopromotefiir.

Thenthere'sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashion.Morgansays,“Togivepeoplea

guilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem-1thinkthat'sgoing

tobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.,,DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookhera

whiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.

Shetryingtocomeupwithalabletoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.

28.WhatisthepurposeofthefashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklyn?

A.Topromoteguilt-freefur.

B.Toexpandthefashionmarket.

C.Tointroduceanewbrand.

D.Tocelebrateawinterholiday.

29.Whyarescientistsconcernedaboutnutria?

A.Nutriadamagetheecosystemseriously.

B.Nutriaareanendangeredspecies.

C.Nutriahurtlocalcat-sizedanimals.

D.Nutriaareillegallyhunted.

30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“coHapsed“inparagraph5probablymean?

A.Boomed.B.Becamemature.C.Remainedstable.D.

Crashed.

31.WhatcanweinferaboufwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?

A.It'sformal.B.It'srisky.C.It'sharmful.D.It's

traditional.

【答案】28.A29.A30.D31.B

本文是說明文。介紹「美國新奧良和布魯克林舉辦了不同尋常的時裝秀。展出海貍鼠

制成的皮衣。海貍鼠們每年都在破壞大片的濕地，因此設(shè)計(jì)師稱這是一種環(huán)保的舉措，科

學(xué)家們也對海貍鼠損壞生態(tài)平衡表示了擔(dān)憂。

28.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhave

showcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles."Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-free

fur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear,“saysCree

McCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.得知，美國新奧爾良和布魯克林舉辦了不同尋常的

時裝秀，時裝秀上展出海貍鼠皮制成的不同風(fēng)格的衣服，項(xiàng)目總監(jiān)CreeMcCree說：“除非

了解海貍鼠正每年破壞大片濕地，否則談?wù)摕o罪感皮衣是很瘋狂的事情“，可以判斷出由于

海貍鼠對生態(tài)造成了巨大的破壞，這場海貍鼠皮衣時裝秀銷售的是無罪惡感皮衣。故選

Ao

29.推理判斷題°根據(jù)第三段ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedto

payhunters$5a向1.得知，科學(xué)家們?nèi)绱藫?dān)心以至于他們決定按照?條海貍鼠尾巴付給獵人

們5美元，可以推斷出科學(xué)家們擔(dān)憂海貍鼠們嚴(yán)重破壞生態(tài)平衡，。故選A。

30.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第五段Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,butwhenthe

marketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.得知，毛

皮貿(mào)易使海貍鼠受到了幾十年的控制，但是當(dāng)海貍鼠市場在20世紀(jì)80年代末崩潰時，這種

貓大小的動物數(shù)量瘋長，根據(jù)bu［判斷，這是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，以前由于皮毛交易，海貍鼠處于控

制，現(xiàn)在這種海貍鼠之所以能夠數(shù)量激增，是由于市場不再銷售海貍鼠皮毛導(dǎo)致的，可以

推斷出劃線詞collapsed是和D.crashed倒閉的意思最相近。故選D。

31.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段ModelPaigeMorgansays,“Togivepeopleaguilt-free

optionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem-Ithinkthat'sgoingtobea

massivething,atleastinNewYork.”得知，為了給人們一種無罪的選擇，人們可以穿皮衣

而不被人們潑油漆，我認(rèn)為在紐約將是一件巨大的事情，根據(jù)模特摩根所說得知，在紐約

穿皮質(zhì)衣服是有風(fēng)險的。故選B。

6.（2020?新課標(biāo)HDD

Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.

Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes（基因），theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutionin

justthepastfewthousandyears.PeopleinEthiopianhighlandshaveadaptedtolivingathigh

altitudes.Cattle-raisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedamutation（突變）

thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.

OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindof

adaptation-nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheast

Asiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthe

hundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylived

onhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they\ealsobuilthousesonstilts（支柱）incoastalwaters,t4They

aresimplyastrangertotheland,“saidRedneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwho

studiestheBajau.

Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.They

madealivingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish.ilWeweresoamazedthattheycould

stayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders,Dr.Jubiladosaid.UIcouldseethemactually

walkingunderthesea.”

In201,MelissaIlardo,thenagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUniversityofCopenhagen,

heardabouttheBajau.Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionof

physicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierforthem,“itseemedliketheperfectchancefbr

naturalselectiontoactonapopulation,saidDr.Ilardo.Shealsosaidtherewerelikelyanumber

ofothergenesthathelptheBajaudive.

32.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?

A.Environmentaladaptationofcattleraisers.B.Newknowledgeofhumanevolution.

C.Recentfindingsofhumanorigin.D.Significanceoffoodselection.

33.WheredotheBajaubuildtheirhouses?

A.Invalleys.B.Nearrivers.C.Onthebeach.D.Offthe

coast.

34.WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?

A.Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday.B.Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.

C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.D.Theylivedonbothlandandwater.

35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSeaB.Highlanders'SurvivalSkills

C.BasicMethodsofGeneticResearchD.TheWorld'sBestDivers

【答案】32.B33.D34.C35.A

這是一篇說明文。最近一項(xiàng)對人類基因的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人類的進(jìn)化不僅僅發(fā)生在數(shù)十億

年前，而且最近幾千年也有。Bajau人因?yàn)榭亢樯麄兊纳眢w已經(jīng)進(jìn)化成更能適應(yīng)海洋

生活。

32.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthat

occurredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes,theyarefindingexamples

ofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.（我們是進(jìn)化的產(chǎn)物，而且不僅僅是數(shù)十

億年前的產(chǎn)物。當(dāng)科學(xué)家更深入的研究我們的基因時，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了人類在過去幾千年進(jìn)化

的例子）可知，作者列舉第一段的例子是為了告訴我們關(guān)于人類進(jìn)化的一個新信息，那就是

人類在最近幾千年也在進(jìn)化。B.Newknowledgeofhumanevolution4人類進(jìn)化的新知識）符

合以上說法，故選B項(xiàng)。

33.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinhundreds

ofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallyliveon

houseboats;inrecenttimes,they'vealsobuilthousesonstiltsincoastalwaters.（這些人被稱為

Bajau,在印度尼西亞、馬來西亞和菲律賓有數(shù)十萬人。他們一直住在船屋上；最近他們也

把房子建在沿海水域的吊腳樓上）可知，Bajau把房子建在沿海區(qū)域。D.Offthecoast.（沿海）

符合以上說法，故選D項(xiàng)。

34.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuch

longerthanuslocalislanders.（我們很驚訝,他們在水下待的時間比我們當(dāng)?shù)氐膷u民要長的多）

可知，讓Jubilado感到吃驚的是Bajau人能在水下待更長的時間。C.Theycouldstaylong

underwaler.（他們能在水下待很長時間）符合以上說法，故選C項(xiàng)。

35.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容，尤其是第二段的OnThursdayinanarticle

publishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaption-nottoairortofood,but

totheocean.（周四，在《細(xì)胞》雜志上發(fā)表的一篇文章中，一群研究人員報道了一種新的適

應(yīng)——不是空氣也不是食物，而是海洋）可知，本文主要講述了一種新的進(jìn)化，即長期生活

在海邊，靠海為生的生活方式，讓Bajau人的身體進(jìn)化成更適應(yīng)海洋生活。A.Bodies

RemodeledforaLifeatSea.（身體為適應(yīng)海洋生活而重塑）可以作為本文標(biāo)題，故選A項(xiàng)。

7.（2020?江蘇卷）B

Sometimesifshardtoletgo.FormanyBritishpeople,thatcanapplytoinstitutionsand

objectsthatrepresenttheircountry'spast-age-oldcastles,splendidhomes...andredphoneboxes.

Beatenfirstbythemarchoftechnologyandlatelybytheterribleweatherinjunkyards（廢品

場）,thephoneboxesrepresentativeofanagearenowmakingsomethingofacomeback.Adapted

inimaginativeways,manyhavereappearedoncitystreetsandvillagegreenshousingtinycafes,

cellphonerepairshopsorevendefibrillatormachines（除顫器）.

Theoriginalironboxeswiththeroundroofsfirstappearedin1926.Theyweredesignedby

GilesGilbertScott,thearchitectoftheBatterseaPowerStationinLondon.Afterbecomingan

importantpartofmanyBritishstreets,thephoneboxesbegandisappearinginthe1980s,withthe

riseofthemobilephonesendingmostofthemawaytothejunkyards.

Aboutthattime,TonyInglis'engineeringandtransportcompanygotthejobtoremovephone

boxesfromthestreetsandsellthemout.ButInglisendedupbuyinghundredsofthemhimself,

withtheideaofrepairingandsellingthem.Hesaidthathehadheardthecallstopreservethe

boxesandhadseenhowsomeofthemwerelistedashistoricbuildings.

AsInglisand,laterotherbusinessmen,gottowork,repurposedphoneboxesbegan

reappearingincitiesandvillagesaspeoplefoundnewusesforthem.Today,theyareonceagaina

familiarsight,playingrolesthatareoftenjustasimportantforthecommunityastheiroriginal

purpose.

Inruralareas,whereambulancescantakearelativelylongtimetoarrive,thephoneboxes

havetakenonalifesavingrole.Localorganizationscanadoptthemfor1pound,andinstall

defibrillatorstohelpinemergencies.

Othersalsolookedatthephoneboxesandsawbusinessopportunities.LoveFone,acompany

thatadvocatesrepairingcellphonesratherthanabandoningthem,openedaminiworkshopina

Londonphoneboxin2016.

Thetinyshopsmadeeconomicsense,accordingtoRobertKerr,afounderofLoveFone.He

saidthatoneoftheboxesgeneratedaround$13,500inrevenueamonthandcostonlyabout$400

torent.

Inglissaidphoneboxescalledtomindanagewhenthingswerebuilttolast.14iikewhatthey

aretopeople,andIenjoybringingthingsback,“hesa