高考英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)講解與訓(xùn)練-開(kāi)放性寫(xiě)作

高考英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)講解與訓(xùn)練——開(kāi)放性寫(xiě)作一.教學(xué)內(nèi)容：書(shū)面表達(dá)講解與訓(xùn)練開(kāi)放性寫(xiě)作（北京卷）開(kāi)放性寫(xiě)作是北京卷近兩年增加的第二篇作文，英文為open-endingcomposition。它所給提示比較簡(jiǎn)單，要求學(xué)生根據(jù)提供的情景，寫(xiě)一段接續(xù)文字。這篇作文要求學(xué)生充分發(fā)揮想象力和創(chuàng)造力，自己拓展主題，組織篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，既能體現(xiàn)出學(xué)生活躍的思維，又能表現(xiàn)出他們的邏輯思維能力和靈活運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)的能力。它要求學(xué)生必須在短時(shí)間內(nèi)寫(xiě)出一篇內(nèi)容充實(shí)新穎、思想健康、符合邏輯、交際得體的，字?jǐn)?shù)不少于50個(gè)字的作文。寫(xiě)作注意要點(diǎn)：1.審題要準(zhǔn)，定位要清。即：審語(yǔ)境、審人稱(chēng)、審時(shí)態(tài)。注意寫(xiě)作對(duì)象和語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格，要有讀者的意識(shí)，看文章是以第幾人稱(chēng)出現(xiàn)；說(shuō)話的對(duì)象是誰(shuí)；看清題目要求。2.邏輯清晰，合情合理。要做到思想健康，積極向上。要力求內(nèi)容新穎，必須符合邏輯。要把理由說(shuō)充分，是在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中可能會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。內(nèi)容要新穎、健康、樂(lè)觀向上，（所表述的內(nèi)容、觀點(diǎn)是主動(dòng)、積極向上的），我們?cè)趯?xiě)作時(shí)要注意的是求新并不等于求怪，并不是說(shuō)越希奇古怪、越離譜越好。內(nèi)容新穎并非是別人完全沒(méi)提過(guò)的、全新的想法，而是別人在相同的情景之下講得比較少的，又不違背邏輯的想法。新穎的思路能夠充分表現(xiàn)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造力。3.內(nèi)容充實(shí)，詳略得當(dāng)。要有主次之分，詳略得當(dāng)。要進(jìn)行細(xì)致描寫(xiě)，有細(xì)節(jié)的支撐?？疾榈哪康?--能否正確使用英語(yǔ)達(dá)到交際的目的。（語(yǔ)言要口語(yǔ)化）把事情說(shuō)具體，缺少細(xì)致的描寫(xiě)，就像建房只搭架子不用磚一樣，顯得空洞無(wú)味。英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作有一條座右銘，那就是“showmorethantell”，意思是細(xì)節(jié)表達(dá)一定要多于抽象陳述，也就是寫(xiě)作要細(xì)節(jié)化或舉例說(shuō)明。我們盡量用看得見(jiàn)、摸得著的東西來(lái)具體表達(dá)思想。才能使文章充實(shí)、有趣，符合開(kāi)放作文的要求。4.內(nèi)容完整、首尾呼應(yīng)。要緊扣主題，符合要求，首尾呼應(yīng)有頭有尾；展現(xiàn)給讀者一個(gè)完整的畫(huà)面?！镜湫屠}】［開(kāi)放性寫(xiě)作分類(lèi)與解析：］1.邏輯性思維(logicalthinking)給出結(jié)果猜測(cè)可能性（causeandeffect）根據(jù)下面提供的情景，寫(xiě)一段接續(xù)文字。注意：詞數(shù)不少于30。Youandyourfriendareinyourroom.Hefindsoneofthewindowsisbrokenandsays,“Yourwindowisbroken.Whathappened?”Youtellhimwhathappened.Possibleversion:Iguessitwasallmyfault.Mymotherwasdoingsomereadingbythewindowyesterday,andsheaskedmetogetabookfromthebookshelfforher.Itwasahardcoverandalittlethick.Igotthebookanddecidedtothrowittoher.Butshemissedit,anditbrokethewindow.Causeandeffecttype：?Nowpleasetelluswhyyouhaverefusedit.?Youtellhimwhathappened.2.2022高考北京試卷聚集性思維（convergentthinking）給出語(yǔ)境陳述計(jì)劃、打算(planning)根據(jù)下面提供的情景，寫(xiě)一段接續(xù)文字，詞數(shù)不少于30。Youaretalkingwithoneofyourclosefriendsaboutyourplansforthesummervacation.Yousaytohim,“I’mgoingtoenjoymyselfinthevacation.”Heasks,“Whatexactlyareyougoingtodotohavefun?”Youtellhimwhatyouwanttodotomakeyourvacationgreatfun.Besuretouseoneormoreexamplestoshowwhatyoumean.Possibleversion:I’llgotoabeachtoseetheseabirdsflyinginthedark-blueskyanddriveamotorboat,sailingthroughclearwatertowardtherisingsun.ThenI’llsurfthe“”website,playgameson“FreeE”,orchatwithfriendsonlineabouthotmovieslike“TheLordoftheRings”and“HarryPotter”.Planningtype:?YourparentssuggestthatyoustayinBeijingforyouradvancededucation.Doyouagreewiththem?Explainyourreasons.?Whatwouldyoutakeandwhy??Tellatleasttwoorthreechoices?Tellwhatyouwillchooseandwhy.3.2022春季高考北京試卷發(fā)散性思維（divergentthinking）給出問(wèn)題尋找解決方法(problemsolving)根據(jù)下面提供的情景，寫(xiě)出你的想法。詞數(shù)不少于50。Onasunnymorning,XiaoHongfromOrangeTownwasonherwaytoherfriend’shouseinGreenHill,asmalltownshehadneverbeentobefore.Atacrossroads,shefoundthesignpost(路標(biāo))showingthedirectionshadfallenover.Shegotlost.Howcouldshefindoutwhichwaytogo?Considertwoorthreedifferentwaysofworkingouttheproblems.附圖畫(huà)Possibleversion:Firstofall,XiaoHongcouldaskapasser-byfordirections.Sinceitwasasunnyday,shecouldalsousethepositionofthesuntotellthedirections.Andfinallyshecouldreplacethesignpostsothatitcorrectlynamedthedirectionshehadcomefrom.Thenitwouldbecorrectforalltheotherdirections.Problemsolvingtype:?Pointoutsomeproblems(atleasttwo)…andgivehelpfulsuggestionsastosolvetheproblem.?Howshouldthelandbeused?Giveyourdesign.?Yourgrandparetired…unhappyanddepressed…tryingtomakehimcheerful.?MaketwoorthreesuggestionsonhowtoimprovethetrafficinBeijing.［范文及學(xué)生習(xí)作分析講解］1.Whenyourmothercomeshomefromwork,shefindsthelivingroominaterriblemess.Sheasksyouthereasons.Youtellherwhathappened.學(xué)生習(xí)作：1）WhenIgothome,Ifoundthattherewasamouseeatinganappleonthetable.Iputdownmybagslowlyandwantedtogiveitasuddenattack,butthemousesawmeandranaway.SoIbegantorunafterithereandthere.ButIcouldn'tcatchit.Soyouseethelivingroomwasinsuchaterriblemess.2）WhenIcameback,Ifoundthedooropen.IwasverypuzzledbecauseIknewatthattimemyparentsstillattheirsoffice.SuddenlyIsawathiefinourlivingroom,searchingforsomemoney.SoIdialed110forhelp.Aminutelater,twopolicemencame,andcaughtthethief.Luckily,hedidn’tfindanythinguseful.答案：ThisafternoonIwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenmyneighborAuntZhangcameinwithherlittlesonXiaoMing.Sheaskedmetolookafterhimforawhileasshewasout.Shortlyafterhismotherleft,XiaoMingbegantocry.Ibroughtoutallthetoysandplayedwithhim.Soonhestoppedcryingandbegantoplaywithme.Heranabouthappilyintheroomandscatteredthetoysonthefloorandmadeamess.Itwashewhomadetheroomlikethis.2.Youhavebeengivenachancetodesignaclassmeeting.Youcanchoosewhatevertopictomakethemeetingmeaningfulandinstructive.Whatmightbeyourtopic?Whywouldyouchoosethistopic?Givetwoormorereasonstoexplain.學(xué)生習(xí)作：1）Iwouldliketochoosethetopic“believeinyourself.”First,ifpeoplebelievethemselves,theywillhavetheconfidencetodobetterintheirworkorstudy.Secondly,whenpeoplemeetthedifficultyintheirlives,theyneed“believeinthemselves”tohelpthemsolvethosedifficulty.2）IprefertotalkabouttrafficinBeijingwithmyclassmates.Becausetherearetoomanycarsontheroadandmanypeopleespeciallymiddleschoolstudentsdidn’tfollowthetrafficrules.Wemustpayattentiontothis.Itisdoalotofharmtoourlife.Andin2022,BeijingwillbeheldOlympicGames.WhenaforeignersawaChinesepeopledidn’tfollowthetrafficrules,theywillhaveabadimpression.Inaddition,Iwanttoencouragemyclassmatestotakebusessoastoeasethetrafficflow.答案：IthinkImaydesignaclassmeetingentitled“HelpingtheDisabled.”Firstofall,beingdisabledischallenginginsociety.Disabledpeopleneedsociety’srespectandhelp.Sotheclassmeetingcanpassonsomeinformationaboutshowingrespecttothem.Secondly,ifpeoplealltrytohelpthedisabled,itcanreducetheburdenonsociety,whichmayinfluencethedevelopmentofthewholesocietyinmanyways.3.AboutfiftystudentsfromHongKongarecomingtoyourschoolnextweek.Youwillshowthemaroundit.Pleasetellushowyouwillintroduceyourschooltothem.答案：First,IwillinvitethosestudentsfromHongKongtopayavisittoourschoolyard.Duringthevisit,Iwilltellthemsomethingaboutourschoollife.ThenIwilltakethemtotheheadmaster’sofficeandintroducethehistoryofourschooltothem.Finally,Iamgoingtotellthemourplaninthefuture.4.OnthemorningofJune7,LiHuaistakingabusonhiswaytotaketheentranceexamination.Unfortunately,heiscaughtinatrafficjambecauseofanaccident.Howcanhemanagetothereintime?Pleasethinkouttwoorthreewaysforhim.答案：Firstofall,hecanpersuadethebusdrivertoallowhimtogetoffsothathecanwalkoutoftheheavytrafficjamtotakeanotherbusorataxi.Orhecangetoffandaskanassistantinanearbyshoptolendhimabike.Sinceitisanimportantdayforthehighschoolgraduates,dialing110andgettinghelpfromthepoliceisoneofthechoicesaswell.【模擬試題】1.Yesterdaywhenyougothomeallinwet,yourmotherwasverysurprisedandasked,“what’sthematterwithyou?”P(pán)leasetelluswhathappened.2.Yesterdayyouwenttoschoolbybusasusual.Butyourushedoutofthebusatthesecondstop.Pleasetelluswhathappened.3.OnedaywhileLiMingwaswalkingalongthestreet,henoticedalotofpeoplelookingintothesky.SupposeyouareLiMing,pleasetelluswhathappened.4.Onedaywhenyoucametomyhouse,Ifoundyouwalkingwithalimp.Whathappenedtoyou?Pleasetellme.5.Yesterdayyouandyourfriendwenttobuysomelotterytickets.Yourfriendasked,“Ifyouwononemillionyuan,whatwouldyoudowithsomuchmoney?”P(pán)leasetellhim.6.TrafficjamsareaveryseriousprobleminBeijing.Thestreetsarefullofcars,buses,andbikesalmosteveryday.Tomakemattersworse,somepeopledonotfollowthetrafficrules.SupposeyouarediscussingthisprobleminyourEnglishclass.PleasemaketwoorthreesuggestionsonhowtoimprovethetrafficinBeijing.7.SupposewearehavingafreetalkinanEnglishclass.ThetopicisthebestwayoftransportinBeijingwhenweareoutgettingaround.Totakeabus,thecityrail,ataxiortorideabike?Pleasetellusyourchoices)(atleasttwoorthree)andwhyyoupreferthem.8.Yourareinthesittingroomtalkingtoyourgoodfriendoverthephoneandcrying.Yourmotheralsofeelsverysad.Thisiswhatyoutellyourfriend.9.ThismorningyoureceivedaletterfromBeijingPleasetelluswhatyouthinkofitandwhatyouwanttodothen?10.YouaretalkingwithoneofyourclosefriendsaboutChineseFestivals.Yousaytohim,“IliketheMid-autumnDaybest.”Heasks,“Why?”Youtellhimwhyandbesuretogivehimyourreasons.11.Lastweekyourparentswerebothonabusinesstripandyouwerelefthomealoneforafewdays.Tellyourfriendsthatadifficult(orahappy)timeyouhadduringthosedays.【試題答案】1.YesterdaywhenIwaswalkingalongthebankonmywayhomeafterschool,suddenlyIheardsomeonecryingforhelp.Irushedtowardstheriversideandsawaboystrugglinginthewater.AtthattimeIjumpedintothewaterwithouthesitation.Withthehelpofsomeotherpeople,theboywassaved.AndIwenthomeimmediatelywithoutbeingseen.2.Iwasunluckyyesterday.Thebusbrokedownonthehalfway.Thebusdriverbegantorepairit.Tenminutespassed,andIbecameimpatientwithwaiting.SoIrushedoutofthebusandhadtowaitforanotherone.Whatwasworse,whenIgottotheschool,theclasshadalreadybegan.Iwaslateforschool.3.Istoppedandlookeduptoo.There!Ayoungmanwasstandingatthetopofahoist.Hethreatenedtojumpoffit.Howdangerousthesituationwas!Soonthepolicearrived.Afterthirtyminutespersuasion,theyoungmanfinallygaveuphismind.NotuntilthendidIcalmmyselfdown.4.Iwasunluckythismorning.Ihadjuststeppedoutofthebuswhenayoungmanrodehurriedlyandknockedmedown.Luckily,Iwasn’thurtbadlyexceptmyankle.IhadseenthedoctorbeforeIcamehere.Thedoctortoldmeitwasnothingserious.Don’tworry.I’llbeallrightsoon.5.Onemillionyuan!Thatsoundsgreattome!Youknow,I’mexpectingitforalongtime.Ofcourse,itwouldbewisetoputawaysomemoneyforthefuture.However,thefirstthingIwanttodoistomakemymother’sdreamcometrue.Mymumhasalwayshadawishfortakingajourneyaroundtheworld,butherincomecouldneveraffordit.IfIwonthemoney,Iwouldbeverypleasedtohelpher.6.ToimprovetrafficinBeijing,Ithink,first,weshouldwidenorbuildmoreroadstoprovidebettertrafficconditions.Second,thegovernmentshouldencouragemorepeopletousepublictransportandbicyclessoastoeasethetrafficflow.Third,everyoneinBeijing,especiallythosewhodriveorwalkonthestreet,shouldfollowthetrafficrules.7.Asfarascitytransportisconcerned,Ipreferbusesbecausetheyarecheapestwaytogetaround.Ontheotherhand,comparedwiththecityrail,therearemanymorebusroutesthroughoutthetown,whichmakeanytripeasy.Astheexpenseofusingtaxisismuchgreater,Iseldomtakethem.SometimesIrideabikebecausebythismeansIamfreetogowhereverIwouldliketo,theplaceswhichbusesorthecityraildonotreach.8.TodayIamfeelingverysadbecauseourpetdog,Huanhuan,ismissing.WheneverIgothome