高三英語第十四單元

科目英語年級高三文件high3標題Roots(根)章節(jié)第十四單元關鍵詞高三英語第十四單元內容一、教法建議【拋磚引玉】在本單元，同學們通過閱讀課文“Journeyintotheunknown”和“Roots”，可以了解18–19世紀白人捕捉和販運黑人作奴隸及虐待他們的罪惡歷史。About“Roots”“Roots”isawell-knownnovelwrittenbyanAmericanauthor—AlexHaley,whichwasabestsellerintheUSAinthe1970s.“Roots”ismainlyaboutHaley’sfamilyhistory,whichcoverssevengenerations’history.InordertofindouthowhisancestorsgottoAmerica,HaleydidalotofresearchandtraveledaroundtheUSAandAfricalookingforinformationabouthisancestors.Atlast,inGambiahegottofindhisroots—KuntaandagroupoftheblackswhowerecaughtandsoldtoAmericaasslavesabout200yearsago.ThenovelalsodescribeswhathisancestorssufferedfromduringthejourneytotheUSA.“Roots”waspublishedin1976andHaleywonthePulitzerPrizein1977.Alsohebecameworld-famous.單元雙基學習目標Ⅰ.詞匯學習四會單詞和詞組：reason(v.),rollover,giveout三會單詞和詞組：inchains,daylight,fromgenerationtogeneration,worthwhileⅡ.交際英語expressingwishes,hopeanddesire1.Iwishtodo…/Iamgoingtodo…2.Iwant/hope/wouldliketo…;Iintend/mean/plantodo…3.IwoulddoitifIhadthechance.4.IfonlyIcoulddo…5.IwishIcoulddo…/IwishIhad…/IwishIwere…6.Iwishyoueverysuccess.7.Goodluck!8.Ifeellikedoingsth9.I’mreadytodo…10.Iwouldrathernottellyou.11.Ihavebeenlookingforwardtodoing…12.I’vealwaysdreamedof…13.SodoI.Ⅲ.語法學習在本單元，同學們將對it的用法作以系統(tǒng)歸納，并具體理解高考中對it的測試熱點。【指點迷津】單元重點詞匯點撥1.reasonvi.評理；勸說；推斷為；說服Ireasonedthathewaslying.我斷定他在撒謊。〖點撥〗reasonsbintodoing=persuadesbintodoing=persuadesbtodo說服某人干……。reasonsboutof說服某人不干……。另外要注意當reason作名詞時常用于：Thereason(why)…isthat…。thereasonforsth和thereasontodosth是“……的理由?！盩hereason(why)hegotillwasthathedidn’tpayattentiontohishealth.Thereasonwhywedon’ttrusthimisthathehasoftenlied.2.worthwhile值得的；值得花費時間和金錢的Shewasofferedaworthwhilejob.〖點撥〗Itisworthwhile+todo(或者–ing)。如：It’sworthwhilevisitingthemuseum.=Itisworthwhiletovisitthemuseum.注意下面的“值得”表達：beworthdoing;beworthyofbeingdone=beworthytobedone。如：Thearticleisworthyofcarefulstudy.=Thearticleisworthyofbeingstudiedcarefully.=Thearticleisworthytobestudiedcarefully.=Thearticleisworthstudying.單元詞組思維運用1.rollover翻滾Theboysrolledoveronthesnow.Howfunitwas!2.giveout分發(fā)Allthenewtextbookshavebeengivenout.注意：giveout還作“發(fā)出，放出；發(fā)表；精疲力竭；耗盡”。如：Thenewswasgivenoutthismorning.Theteacher’spatienceatlastgaveout.Hisstrengthgaveoutsoon.3.bebornafreeman生來是一個自由人4．beinchains戴著鐐銬putsbinchains給某人戴上手銬腳鐐5.befixedto被固定到……Willyoupleasemakesurethebuttonhasbeenfixedtotheboard?6.beinpain疼痛7.crysoftlytooneself獨自輕聲哭泣8.behitonthehead被擊在頭部Whenthethieftriedtoescape,awomanhithimontheheadbehindhim.9.reasonwithsb與某人理論10.Whatwastobecomeofthemall?=Whatwouldhappentothemall?11.Worstwastocome.更糟糕的事要發(fā)生。12.runthelengthoftheship從船的這一頭延伸到另一頭13.fallsickwithfever因發(fā)燒而病到14.cryoutforsth叫喊要某物；哭著要；懇求Don’ttakeanynoticeofJohnny;hecriesoutfornothing.注意：cryoutagainst大聲疾呼反對。cryout大聲呼喊。如：Thewomaninthewatercriedout“Help!”Thepeoplecriedoutagainsttheunfairdecisionofthecourt.15.onceinawhile偶爾，有時候Wegoforapicnicintheparkonceinawhile.Onceinawhilethedogwouldrunaway,butusuallyhestayedintheyard.16.openwide開大，睜大What’swrongwithyou?First,Openyoumouthwide,please.Letmetakealookatyourtongueandthroat.17.indaylight在陽光中注意：atdaylight黎明時。beforedaylight黎明前。18.chain/tiesbup=putsbinchains把某人銬起來19.onone’sarrival某人一到達Onhisarrivalhesetaboutcorrectingthecompositions.20.makecopiesof抄寫21.passdown傳下來；傳送；傳遞；遺傳Theskillhasbeenpasseddownoverfourgenerations.22.fromgenerationtogeneration一代一代地注意：fromonegenerationtoanother=generationaftergeneration=fromgenerationtogeneration23.gobackovercenturies追溯幾個世紀以前24.cometoasadpart講述一段傷心的事情25.playtheroleof扮演……的角色HeisgoodatplayingthepartofMaozedong二、學海導航【學法指要】單元難點疑點思路明晰1.Bornafreeman，hewasnowinchains.他生來就是個自由人，現在卻戴上了鐐銬?！济魑?1)Bornafreeman為過去分詞短語作狀語，相當于一個讓步狀語從句的省略。完整句子為：Althoughhewasbornafreeman.再如：Beatenblackandblue，hedidn'tgodownonhisknees.雖然被打得遍體鱗傷，他仍不屈膝投降。(2)inchains/irons戴著鐐銬；在囚禁中。如：Hewasinchainsanddisgrace.他被囚而受辱。Allthemurderersinchainswillsoonbesentencedtodeath.所有戴著鐐銬的兇手很快就要被判處死刑。已學過的由“in＋名詞的復數”的介詞短語如：inpairs成雙地/incircles圍成圓圈形/intears哭著Onemanhadaheadwoundandwasinpain.一個人頭部受傷，非常疼痛。hadaheadwound＝bewoundedintheheadinpain疼痛難忍。已學過的由“in＋名詞的單數”的介詞短語，如：inpublic公開地/insilence無聲地/inbattle在戰(zhàn)斗中…2.Whatwastobecomeofthemall，hewondered.他感到納悶，他們的下場將會怎樣呢？〖明晰〗(1)becomeof(人或事物的)結果是；使遭遇。如：Whatwillbecomeofhernowthatherhusbandhasdied?她丈夫一死，真不知她的遭遇將如何。WhathasbecomeofthebookIputhereyesterday?我昨天放在這兒的書哪去啦？(2)hewondered置于句尾作插入語，意思是“他想知道”。3.Worsewastocome.更糟的事就要發(fā)生了?！济魑絯orseadj.(bad的比較級)更壞的、更差的、更惡化的。常用句式有：tomakethematterworse(＝andwhatisworse或worsethanall更糟的是。worse在本課作名詞“更壞的事”，如：Ihaveworsetotell.我還有更壞的事要說。Worsecannothappen.事情不可能更壞了。4.Theyhadroughweather,andKunta'sbackbledfromrollingoveronthehardwoodenboards.途中天氣非常惡劣，由于在硬木板上滾來滾去，昆塔的背流出了血?！济魑?1)bled是動詞bleed(流血)的過去式。如：Hiswoundbledfreely.他的傷口大量出血。/Heisbleedinglikecrazyfromthestomach.她腹部流血不止。(2)rollover從(邊)上滾下；翻轉；滾翻。如：Thepolicemanrolledthebodyovertolookforthemissinggun.警察把尸體翻過來尋找失蹤的手槍。IhadtohearBeethovenbeforeIcouldaskhimtorollover.我得先聽一下貝多芬曲，才能請他把唱片翻過來。5.Themomenthereachedthecountry,hestartedhissearch.他一到那個國家，就開始尋找。〖明晰〗themoment(instant,hour,time,minute)以及directly,immediately,都可用來引導時間狀語從句，譯作“一……就”，相當于assoonas.如：(SEFCB2L59)Theyoungladyrushedintotheroomimmediatelysheheardthenoise.那少女一聽到響聲，就沖進房間里。6.Allthestoriesoffamilies,heroes,warsandjourneysarepasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.所有家族、英雄、戰(zhàn)爭以及旅行的故事都是一代代地傳下來的。〖明晰〗(1)passdown＝handdown流傳；遺傳；傳遞。如：Thespecialtechniquehasbeenpasseddownoverfourgenerations.那種技術已傳了四代。(SEFCB3L10)customsandmemorieswerehandeddownbytheeldersoftherace.傳統(tǒng)習俗以及記憶中的人和物，被這個種族的年長者傳了下來。Inpoorfamilies,clothesmaybepasseddownfromonechildtothenext.在窮苦人家，一個小孩穿過的衣服會留給另一個年齡小的穿。(2)fromgenerationtogeneration一代一代，世世代代(＝generationaftergeneration.)7.Afewpeopleineachgrouparegiventhetaskofrememberingthegroup'sfamilyhistorythatgoesbackovercenturies.每一個部落中有幾個人，他們的任務是記住這個部落追溯到幾百年前的家族史?！济魑?1)gobackto(＝datefrom,tracebackto)；追溯，返回到。如：HisfamilygoesbacktothetimeofNormanConquest.他的家族可追溯至諾曼底人征服英國的時代。Shefoundherpocketbookwhenshewentbacktothestore.她回到店里找到了她的錢包。(2)overcenturies在幾百年中。over可表“在……期間；到……過完”。如：(SEFCB3L27)Theyhadbeenbuiltoverperiodofsixcenturiesupuntil1431.他們都是在1431年以前長達六個世紀期間建成的。overseveraldecades在幾十年中/stayoverSunday呆過星期天/workovernight通宵工作。8.seize,take,grasp,arrest〖明晰〗(1)seize“抓住”有猛然抓住并不脫手之意。如：Thepolicemanseizedthethiefbythecollar.那個警察抓著小偷的衣領不放。(2)take“抓住”，屬一般用語。如：Hetookhisgirlfriendbythearm.他抓著女友的胳膊。(3)grasp“抓住，抓緊；抱住；理解，領會”。如：GrasptheropeandI'llpullyouup.抓住繩子，我就拉你上來。Ididn'tquitegraspyourmeaning.我不太理解你的意思。(4)arrest側重于“逮捕；扣留；防止?！比纾篐ewasarrestedinsuspicionofhavingmurderedthegirl.他因有謀害少女的嫌疑而被捕。Thisnewlydevelopeddrughasarrestedhiscancer.這種新藥已控制住了他的癌癥。9.makeupone'smind,decide,determine〖明晰〗(1)makeupone'smind“決心；認定”，后接不定式或that從句，mind隨人稱而變化。如：We'vemadeupourmindstodevoteourlivestoservingthepeopleheartandsoul.我們決心把全部生命用于全心全意地為人民服務。Thecropisruined,sowemustmakeupourmindstothat.莊稼損壞了，我們必須承認那個事實。(2)decide指經過考慮或討論研究作出決定，后接不定式，介詞on/upon或從句。如：Hedecidedontakingthepositionatthebank.＝Hedecidedtotakethepositionatthebank.他決定擔任很行的職務。(3)determine“決心、堅決”，側重表示決心已下定,任何力量都動搖不了這種決心。其后常接不定式，也可接on/upon+ing。如：Hismotherhasdeterminedtogivehimachance.他母親決心給他一次機會。10.giveout,giveaway,giveback,giveforth,givein,giveoff,giveover,giveup〖明晰〗(1)giveout放出、發(fā)生；宣稱，公布，發(fā)表；分配，分發(fā)；用完，耗盡；精疲力竭。如：Theteacher'spatienceatlastgaveout.老師終于失去了耐心。Hisstrengthgaveout.他筋疲力盡。(2)giveaway贈送；出賣；泄露/giveback歸還；返射/giveforth放出，發(fā)出(聲音，氣味等)；發(fā)表，公布givein投降；屈服，讓步；交上/giveoff發(fā)出(蒸氣、光、煙等)/giveover移交，交托/giveup讓給；放棄，拋棄。11.familiarto,familiarwith〖明晰〗(1)familiarto＝wellknowntosb“為人所熟知”，其中to為介詞，to后常跟人。如：I'vebeenawayalongtime,andthatnameisnotfamiliartome.我出外很久了，這名字我不熟悉。(2)familiarwith＝wellacquaintedwith“精通、熟知、通曉”。befamiliarwith的主語一定是人，with后的賓語可人、可物。如：HeisfamiliarwithShakespeare.他精通莎士比亞的作品。Iamnotveryfamiliarwithbotanicalnames.我對植物學上的名稱不太熟悉。12.whatkindofdoctor與whatkindofadoctor〖明晰〗(1)“whatkind/sortof”是問類別，所以：Whatkindofdoctorishe?他是哪科的醫(yī)生?(2)“whatkind/sortofa(an)”是問程度、性質等具體情況。所以：whatkindofadoctorishe?他是怎么樣的醫(yī)生?(含醫(yī)術是否高明，待人處事的能力等)【妙文賞析】TheCapitaloftheUnitedStatesWhenGeorgeWashingtonbecamethefirstPresidentoftheUnitedStates,therewasnopermanent(永久的)capital.DuringtheRevolutionaryWarsevendifferentcitieshadservedasthenationalcapital.Inaddition,themembersofCongress(議會)couldnotagreetowherethispermanentcapitalshouldbelocated(位于).SomeofficialswanteditintheNorth,otherswanteditintheSouth.Eachofthestateshopedthatthecapitalmightbesetupwithinitsownstatelines.Atlastitwasdecidedthatthecapitalshouldoccupy(占有)asectionbyitself,separatefromanyofthestates.TheplacechosenwassituatedonthePotomacRiver.ThelandthenbelongedtothestateofMaryland,butMarylandagreedtogiveittothenationalgovernment.ThesectionwasnamedtheDistrictofColumbia,afterChristopherColumbus.ThecityitselfwasnamedWashington,afterGeorgeWashington.Workwasbegunonthenewcapitalin1791.Intheyear1800CongressoccupiedthenewCapitalBuilding.TheWhiteHouseWasopenedatthesametimeasthehomeofallfuturepresidents.1.TherewasnopermanentcapitalintheUnitedStateswhenGeorgeWashingtonbecamethefirstPresidentoftheUnitedStatesbecause______.A.peopledidn'tlikethenewgovernmentB.therewasnotenoughmoneytobuildthecapitalC.AmericanpeopleweretoobusyfightingtothinkoftheproblemofbuildingthecapitalD.peoplehadadisagreementaboutthelocationofthecapital2.Whichofthefollowingisimplied(暗示的)butnotstatedinthepassage?A.GeorgeWashington'sofficewasperhapsnotintheWhiteHouse.B.SevencitiesusedtobethecapitaloftheUnitedStates.C.TheNorthandtheSouthcouldn'tagreewitheachotherontheproblemofthecapital.D.GeorgeWashingtonwasthefirstpresidentoftheUnitedStates.3.ThePotomacRiver_______.A.isthelongestriverinitscountryB.separatesthecapitalfromthestateofMarylandC.flowsthroughthestateofMarylandD.wasgiventothenationalgovernmentbyMaryland4.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtothepassage?A.TheWhiteHousehasahistoryofabout200years.B.TheDistrictofColumbiabelongstononeofthestates.C.CongressoccupiedthenewCapitalBuildinguntil1800.D.TheWhiteHouseisaplacewhereAmericanpresidentsliveandworkexceptGeorgeWashington.答案：1.D2.A3.C4.C【思維體操】常見閱讀理解題的解題技巧一般說來，閱讀理解的題型設置大致可分為六種類型：事實詢問、推理判斷、數據推算、識圖解意、主旨大意、規(guī)律常識。做好這六種題型，需要掌握一定的方法和技巧。一、事實詢問題事實詢問主要是以等詞語引導的問句，就文中某句、某段或某具體細節(jié)和事實進行提問。做這類題的要領是：⑴首先弄懂題目和每個選項的含義。題意不明當然無法做出正確選擇，明確題意，才能順藤摸瓜。⑵按題目的要求尋找與之相關的細節(jié)，正確估計答案的來源。有的題只要抓住文章的某處信息，即可解題；而有的題則需要綜合文章多處信息，并予以分析，才能找到解題思路。⑶要注意題目和文中關鍵詞的暗示作用。忽略了這一點。就等于失去了解題的鑰匙。⑷對信息量較大的文章要多讀兩遍。讀時要注意辨別各種信息的真?zhèn)?，要排除無關信息，否定錯誤信息，確認有用的信息。二、推理判斷題推理判斷題要求透過文章表面文字信息去推測文章隱含的意思。對文章的情節(jié)發(fā)展，以及作者的態(tài)度，意圖等作出合乎邏輯的推理和判斷。這類問題常用以下句式提出問題：⑴Wecaninferfromthepassagethat?⑵Whatcanweconcludefromthepassage?⑶Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowards…?縱觀近幾年的NMET閱讀理解題，推理判斷的題量在不斷拉大。做這類題應注意以下幾點：⑴要懂得如何捕捉信息，抓住主題尋覓細節(jié)，進而邏輯推理；⑵對于暗含在文中事件的因果關系，人物的行為動機以及作者未言明的傾向、態(tài)度、意圖、觀點等進行合乎邏輯的推理、分析和判斷。要善于抓文章中實質性的東西，不要被帶有假像的表層信息或似而非的東西所迷惑。⑶在推斷作者的態(tài)度、意圖或觀點時，不要固守自己的習慣看法，要力求從作者的角度去思考。三、數據推算題此種題要求學生就文章提供的以及數據與文中其它信息的關系作出簡單計算和推斷。做此類題應注意：⑴要抓與數據有關的信息，并對這些信息的含義有一個直角的理解。⑵如果文中含有較多的數據信息，一定弄清它們之間的聯系，分清有用信息和無用信息。⑶數據信息的意義往往不是孤立的，要正確理解全文大意，還應抓住一些關鍵性的詞的意義。四、識圖解意題在閱讀文章后面的題目中?？煽吹讲鍒D、圖解或工圖。這是形象化地表現信息的形式。有的起輔助作用，用以必低試題的難度，有的直接代替文字，是短文和題目不可缺少的組成部分。在做圖示題時，要把文章與圖示當作一個整體。理解時要圖文互相參照，互相驗證。若是地圖，方位要明確，要正確理解文中方位介詞的配搭意義。五、主旨大意題此類題目用以檢查學生對文章主題或中心思想的領會與理解是否正確。主旨大意題分兩類：一類是主題問題，通常用以下句式引出：Whatishemainideaofthispassage?Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?Thewriterofthearticlewantstotellusthat.另一類是標題問題，通常用Whatisthebesttitleofthearticle(passage)?引出。在說明文和議論文中作者通常是用主題句來表達一段的主旨大意，用主題句提出論點。我們應知道，主題句在文中的位置并不固定，盡管大部分主題句句一般出現在文章或段落之首，但有時也放在中間，成為段落語義的核心，甚至有的出現在文尾，高爾夫球主題引向設法，成為一個強有力的結論，也有些文章或段落不易找到明明的主題句，需要讀者去歸納，概括。另一類主旨大意題要求學生根據文章內容選擇一個合適的標題，就是文章主題的最高度的概括形式。從此意義上講，一些文章的標題往往隱含在文章的主題句中。只要找到了主題句，就不難確定文章的最佳標題。六、常識題這類題意在考查學生的非英語知識面，看學生對社會、文化、史地以及一些科普常識的掌握程度。這類總裁題有時與文章沒有直接關系，只能憑自己的常識進行判斷，作出選擇。三、智能顯示【心中有數】單元語法發(fā)散思維一、It引起的幾個易混淆的時間句型在學習中，同學生們對“It+be+時間+從句”這個結構經?；煜磺澹旅嬷鹨贿M行分析。1.It+be+時間+since-clause這個句型表示從since從句謂語動作發(fā)生以后到現在或過去所經過的一段時間，意為“自從以來已多久了”，主句多用一般現在時，從句用一般過去時，如果表示過去的情況，主句用一般過去時，從句用過去完成時，或主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時。例如：Itisthreeyearssincehisfatherpassedaway.(從現在算起)Itwas10yearssincetheymarried.(從過去算起)IthadbeenfifteenyearssincesheleftShanghai.(從過去算起)30yearshaspassedsincewejoinedtheParty.(從現在算起)2.It+be+時間+before-clause這個句型中的時間一般為表示一段時間的詞語(如：longyears,months,weeks,days,hours,minutes)，主句中的謂語動詞用肯定式，意為“過多長時間才”。主句的謂語動詞是否定式時，意為“沒過多長時間就”。主句的時態(tài)可用過去時was或將來時willbe；用was時，before從句的動詞用一般過去時；用willbe時，before從句常用一般現在時。例如：Itwasnotlongbeforeshelearnedthosepoemsbyheart.她沒過多久就背會了那些詩歌。Itwaslongbeforethepolicearrived.過了很久警察才來。Itwillbehoursbeforehemakesadecision.要過好幾個小時他才會作出決定。Itwillnotbehoursbeforemeetagain.要不了幾個小時我們還會再見面的。3.It+be+時間+when-clause這個句型中,it指時間，而且表示時間的詞語前沒有介詞(時間一般為具體時間)。主句中的謂語動詞和從句中的謂語動詞在時態(tài)上一般是一致的，主句是willbe，when從句用一般現在時代替將來時。例如：Itwasalready8o'clockwhenwegothome.Itwasthenextmorningwhenwefinishedourwork.Itwillbemidnightwhentheygetthere.4.It+be+時間+that-clause這個句型是個強調句型。例如：Itwastwoyearsagothathemadeanimportantinvention.(原句是：Hemadeanimportantinventiontwoyearsago.)Itwasat5o'clockthathepractisedplayingtheviolininthemorning.(原句是：Hepractisedplayingtheviolinat5o'clockinthemorning.)比較：Itwas5o'clockwhenhestartedinthemorning.(5o'clock前沒有介詞，這是個定語從句)5.It+be+time+that-clause這個句型屬虛擬語氣結構，不管主句中用的是is或was，that從句都須用動詞的過去式或should+動詞原型(但不及用過去式普通)，在time之前有時可加上high或about以加強語氣。例如：Itistime(that)wehandedinourexercises.(=Itistimethatweshouldhandinourexercises.)Itishightime(that)shewrotealettertoherboyfriend.6.It/This/That+thefirst(second,third…)time+that-clause這個句型表示截止到說話時為止的某人的一種經歷，關鍵是注意time前有序數詞，主句是is時，從句要用現在完成時；如果主句用一般過去時was，則從句須相應地用過去完成時。例如：Thisisthefirsttime(that)theseEuropeanshavevisitedtheGreatWall.Itwasthefifthtime(that)IhadpaidafriendlyvisittoAfrica.二、It代替從句作形式主語的常見句型1.it代替連詞that引導的從句作形式主語。1)it+be+過去分詞+that從句It'ssaidthatTomhascomebackfromabroad.據說湯姆已經從國外回來了。Itwasreportedthatdozensofchildrendiedintheaccident.據報導，數十名兒童在事故中死亡?？捎糜谠摼湫偷倪^去分詞還有：known,thought,told,believed,hoped,announced,expected,decided,suggested等，該句型?？梢赞D換成含有賓語從句的復合句或者含有不定式作主補的簡單句。如：It'ssaidthatTomhascomebackfromabroad.→PeoplesaythatTomhascomebackfromabroad.→Heissaidtohavecomebackfromabroad.2)It+be+名詞詞組+that從句It'sapitythathecan'tswimforhisage.真遺憾，就他的年齡來講，他竟不會游泳。It'sawonderthatyoucouldfinishsuchahardtaskinsuchashorttime.真奇怪，你竟能在如此短的時間內完成艱巨的任務。可用于該句型的名詞詞組還有：anhonour,agoodthing,afact,asurprise,goodnews等。3)It+be/seem+形容詞+that從句Itislikelythattheywillbeatustonight.今晚很可能他們會贏我們。Itdoesn'tseemthatshewillgiveusahand.她幫我們的可能性似乎不太大。可用于此句型的開容詞還有；wonderful,true,good,right,wrong,(un)important,useless,surprising,clear,possible,unusual,lucky,certain等。4)It+seem/appear/happen+that從句Itseemsthatheenjoyspopsongsverymuch.看來他非常喜歡流行歌曲。ItappearsthatTommightchangehismind.看來湯姆會改變主意。IthappenedthatIwentoutthatday.碰巧我那天外出了。注意，句型4可轉換成含不定式的簡單句。如上述句子可轉換為：Heseemstoenjoypopmusicverymuch./Tomappearstochangehismind./Ihappenedtogooutthatday.2.it代替連接代詞或連接副詞引導的從句作形式主語。1)Itisknown(notdecided,notmadeclear,foundout,discussed,beingdiscussed,beingconsidered,aquestion,uncertain等)+連接代詞或連接副詞引導的從句。Itisstillaquestionwhenweshallhaveoursportsmeet.我們將什么時候舉行運動會還是一個問題。Itisuncertainwhetherhecanattendthisconferenceornot.他能否來開會還不能確定。2)Itdoesn'tmatter(doesn'tmattertoomuch,doesn'tmaketoomuchdifference等)+連接代詞或連接副詞引導的從句。如：Itdoesn'tmatterwhetherwegotogetherorseparately.我們一起去還是分開去都可以。Itdoesn'tmattertoomuchtomewhatyoudoorwhereyougo.你做什么或去什么地方，對我都無關緊要。【動腦動手】單元能力立體檢測一、It與高考題1.Tom'smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,butdidn'thelp.A.heB.whichC.sheD.it〖答案與簡析〗選D。測試it用作人稱代詞，代替前文提到過的事物。又如：1）—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.—Oh,Iforgot.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff2）—HaveyouheardthenewsaboutTom?—No,what?A.isitB.itisC.aretheyD.theyare3）Ifyoudon'tknowtheword,whydon'tyouinthedictionary?A.lookatitB.lookafteritC.lookupitD.lookitup答案1）—3）CAD。值得注意的是，由動詞和副詞組成的短語動詞用it作賓語時，it應置于動詞和副詞之間。2.Isnecessarytotellhisfathereverything?A.it B.that C.what D.he〖答案與簡析〗選A。測試it用作形式主語，代替由不定式（或不定式復合結構）、動名詞或從句表示的真正主語。又如：1）Ispossibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?A.now B.man C.that D.it2）IsnecessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?A.this B.that C.he D.it3）Doesmatterifhecan'tfinishthejobontime?A.this B.that C.he D.it4）Itworriedabitherhairwasturninggrey.A.while B.that C.if D.for答案1）—4）DDDB。3.Idon'tthinkpossibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A.this B.that C.its D.it〖答案與簡析〗選D。測試it用作形式賓語，代替由不定式、動名詞或從句表示的真正賓語。當賓語有自己的補足語時，用it作形式賓語，真正賓語放在補足語之后。常用這種句型的動詞有think,make,find,feel,consider等。4.Wasitinthispalacethelastemperordied?A.that B.inwhich C.inwhere D.which〖答案與簡析〗選A。測試it用在強調結構中，為了強調句子的某一成分（通常是主語、賓語或狀語），常用強調Itis(was)+被強調成分+that(或who）…。被強調部分指人時用that或who，在其它情況下（包括強調時間或地點狀語）用that。又如：1）WasitduringtheSecondWorldWarhedied?(MET88）A.that B.which C.inwhich D.then2)ItwasnotshetookoffherdarkglassesIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when;that B.Until;that C.until;when D.when;then答案1)A2)B。5.Butwasonlythemanager.(MET91完型填空)A.this B.that C.she D.it〖答案與簡析〗選D。測試it可以用作指示代詞，指人。當it這樣用時，所指的是心目中己知的或上下文中的人或事物，也可用來指嬰兒。6.—Whatwasthepartylike?—Wonderful.It'syearsIenjoyedmyselfsomuch.A.after B.before C.where D.since〖答案與簡析〗選D。測試it用在某固定短語或句型中。如believeitornot(信不信由你）,takeiteasy(別著急，慢慢來），itis(hasbeen)…since…(某人干某事經過了多長一段時間），Itseemsthat…(好象)，Ithappensthat…(碰巧)，Itlooksasif…（好象），Itisone'sturntodo…(該輪到誰干……)等。又如：Takeit.Everythingwillbefineinadayortwo.A.easy B.quiet C.calm D.light答案是A。7.ItwasShanghaitheCommunistPartyofChinawasfounded.A.where B.that C.atwhich D.thatwhere〖答案與簡析〗選A。測試強調句與定語從句不能混淆，這里是定語從句。若把Shanghai的前面加上介詞in時，就是強調地點，這時就可以選B。二、It精練40題1.Tom'smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,butdidn'thelp.A.he B.which C.she D.it2.Iwasdisappointedwiththefilm,Ihadexpectedtobemuchbetter.A.that B.this C.one D.it3.isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.There B.This C.That D.It4.Ashappens,Ihavebroughtmyumbrellawithme.A.it B.this C.that D.such5.hasalreadybeenpointedout,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.A.As B.It D.That D.This6.Itwassevenforty-fivehefinishedthework.A.when B.that C.when D.before7.Ihavenoideaissofartheairportfromhere.A.what B.how C.it D.that8.Wasitbecauseitsnowedlastnighthedidn'tcome?A.why B.that C.when D.which9.Doesmatterifhecan'tfinishthejobontime?A.this B.that C.he D.it10.Isunnecessarytotellhisfathereverything? A.that B.it C.he D.this11.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,makingthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.which B.this C.that D.it12.Wearegoingtoholdameetingtomorrowafternoon.PleasetellMrWangabout.A.this B.that C.it D.themeeting13.—Whoisknockingatthedoor?—isme.A.It B.That C.This D.where14.—Whattimeisitnow?—isteno'clock.A.Thetime B.Theo'clock C.It D.That15.Ihaveseenthebaby.isveryactiveandlovely.A.He B.She C.Who D.It16.Hewasill.iswhyhedidn'tcometothemeeting.A.It B.This C.That D.There17.isgoodnewsthatshehaspassedtheentranceexaminationforBeijingUniversity.A.That B.This C.What D.It18.isnodoubtthathewillsucceedinhisexperiment.A.It B.This C.That D.There19.Look,someoneiscoming.Whocanbe?A.he B.she C.thatman D.it20.Ifinddifficulthimtodosuchwork.A.it;of B.it;for C.that;of D.that;for21.MypenislostandIcan'tfindanywhere,soImustbuy.A.it;one B.one;it C.it;it D.one;one22.Wethinkuselesstheorywithoutpractice.A.it;learning B.it;learn C.that;learning D.that;tolearn23.Itisnotyouwhointrouble;itisIwhointrouble.A.are;am B.are;is C.are;are D.is;is24.Sheisalready50,butshedoesn'tlook.A.like B.this C.it D.such25.Idon'tknowwhatwasforsupper.A.it B.there C.that D.food26.Tom'smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,butdidn'thelp.A.heB.whichC.sheD.it27.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.—Oh,Iforgot.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff28.—HaveyouheardthenewsaboutTom?—No,what?A.isitB.itisC.aretheyD.theyare29.Ifyoudon'tknowtheword,whydon'tyouinthedictionary?A.lookatitB.lookafteritC.lookupitD.lookitup30.Isnecessarytotellhisfathereverything?A.it B.that C.what D.he31.Ispossibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?A.now B.man C.that D.it32.IsnecessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?A.this B.that C.he D.it33.Doesmatterifhecan'tfinishthejobontime?A.this B.that C.he D.it34.Itworriedabitherhairwasturninggrey.A.while B.that C.if D.for35.Idon'tthinkpossibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A.this B.that C.its D.it36.Wasitinthispalacethelastemperordied?A.that B.inwhich C.inwhere D.which37.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWarhedied?A.that B.which C.inwhich D.then38.ItwasnotshetookoffherdarkglassesIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when;that B.Until;that C.until;when D.when;then39.Butwasonlythemanager.(MET91完型填空)A.this B.that C.she D.it40.—Whatwasthepartylike?—Wonderful.It'syearsIenjoyedmyselfsomuch.A.after B.before C.where D.since41.Takeit.Everythingwillbefineinadayortwo.A.easy B.quiet C.calm D.light42.ItwasShanghaitheCommunistPartyofChinawasfounded.A.where B.that C.atwhich D.thatwhere43.Ifinddifficulthimtodosuchwork.A.it;of B.it;for C.that;of D.that;for44.taketoflytoParisfromBeijing?A.Howlongdoesthat B.HowlongdoesitC.Howsoondoesit D.Howfardoesit45.Youmadeanewmodelplane,.A.howwonderfulitis B.howwonderfulisitC.thatiswonderful D.wonderfulyouare答案：1—5DDDAB6—10ACBDB11—15DCACD16—20ADDDB21—25AAACB26—30DCADA31—35DDDBD36—40AABDD41—45AABBA【創(chuàng)新園地】WhenIgotintohishouse,Isawanoldmanreadingabookinthechair.Italkedwithhim.Ifoundthat 1.____fromthetimewhenhewasachild,healwaysbrought 2.____alittlebookinhispockets.Hedidreadingalmost 3.____everyminute.Hedidnotdoanything.Peopleoftenfound 4.____himreadabookwhilehewaswaitingformeals, 5.____buses,doctors,playsbeginorsomethingtohappen. 6.____Youcouldstillevenfindhimreadinginthetoilet. 7.____Thatwaswhyhefoundhisfifteenminutesa 8.____dayforreading.Thatwashowhereadstwenty 9.____booksayear—onethousandinourlifetime. 10.___（請同學們改好后把答案反饋給我們）

【創(chuàng)新園地】答案：1.the→a。2.brought→carried。3.√。4.在anything后加else。5.read→reading。6.在begin前加to。7.去掉still。8.why→how。9.reads→read。10.our→his?！就筋}庫】Unit14Ⅰ.單項填空1.Thereisapieceofboardatthegateoftheconstruction,whichreads:____withoutpermiss