專四英語語法考點串講1023

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may(might)aswell...(不妨...)，donothing/anything/everythingbut(except)等習(xí)慣用法中帶“to〞的不定式：Ihavenochoice/alternative/optionbuttogiveintoherpower.

Onlyto表示出乎意料的不愉快的結(jié)果Hegotthereinahurryonlytofindthetraingone.Itisnotuncommonfortheretobeproblemsofcommunicationbetweentheoldandtheyoung.Sb.issaid/believedtohavedonesth.

Thebankisreportedtohavebeenrobbedyesterday.分詞

分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)一般分詞作狀語時，它的規(guī)律主語應(yīng)是句子的主語，但有時分詞的規(guī)律主語是其它的名/代詞，n./pron.+分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)就是獨立（主格）結(jié)構(gòu)。

Anewtechniquehavingbeenworkedout,theyieldsasawholeincreasedby20%.Weatherpermitting,wewillgoouting.

Agricultureisthecountry?schiefsourceofwealth,wheatbeingbyfarthebiggestcerealcrop.

III.虛擬語氣考點：

Itis(high/about/the)timethat…句型中動詞用過去式“早該做。。。〞Iwouldrather/would(just)assoon/wouldsoonerthatyoudid/haddonesth.所接的從句中動詞用過去式或者過去完成式“我寧愿你。。。〞

Ifonly句型中動詞常用過去式或者過去完成式，表示猛烈的愿望省略if/whether時，從句中需要倒裝，助動詞(系動詞）或情態(tài)動詞提前。Haditnotbeenfor=butfor…//Homeishome,beiteversohomely.錯綜時間的虛擬

WouldyoubesurprisedifIhadarrivedyesterdaywithoutlettingyouknowbeforehand?

Was/were+tohavedone,but?不定式完成式）表示“原來想做而未做〞后面尋常+butIwastohavearrivedhomeontime,butmycarwasheldupbyabadtrafficjam.

hadhoped表示過去未實現(xiàn)的愿望，其從句中謂語動詞要用虛擬would+V。

IV.情態(tài)動詞

考點：情態(tài)動詞的完成時態(tài)

needn?thavedone表示過去本不必做的事情，結(jié)果做了

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Musthavedone對過去事情的確定猜測

could&may/mighthavedone表示對過去事情的可能性的推測should(oughtto)havedone過去本該做某事willhavedone表示將來完成時

V.倒裝[主句的主語和謂語倒裝]

帶否定意義的副詞置于句首時LittledoIknowaboutthemeaningofthisproverb.含有否定詞的介詞短語在句首BynomeanswillChinabethefirsttousenuclearweapons.“Only+狀語〞置于句首時的倒裝

句首是neither，nor表示“也不〞時，主謂語需要倒裝。

such/so?that句型中的倒裝SoexcitedwasIthatIdidn’tknowwhattosay.as,though讓步狀語從句中倒裝Intelligentas/thoughyouare,youshouldbemodest.

4|句子成分英語對應(yīng)單詞

附屬句subordinateclause并列句coordinateclause名詞從句nominalclause定語從句attributiveclause狀語從句adverbialclause賓語從句objectclause主語從句subjectclause同位語從句appositiveclause時間狀語從句adverbialclauseoftime地點狀語從句adverbialclauseofplace方式狀語從句adverbialclauseofmanner讓步狀語從句adverbialclauseofconcession原因狀語從句adverbialclauseofcause結(jié)果狀語從句adverbialclauseofresult目的狀語從句adverbialclauseofpurpose條件狀語從句adverbialclauseofcondition真實條件狀語從句adverbialclauseofrealcondition非真實條件狀語從句adverbialclauseofunrealcondition

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主動語態(tài)activevoice被動語態(tài)passivevoice主語subject謂語predicate賓語object雙賓語dualobject直接賓語directobject間接賓語indirectobject復(fù)合賓語complexobject同源賓語cognateobject補語complement主補subjectcomplement賓補objectcomplement表語predicative定語attribute同位語appositive狀語adverbial

就近原則principleofproximity虛擬語氣subjunctivemood否定negation

否定范圍scopeofnegation全部否定fullnegation局部否定partialnegation

倒裝語序inversion全部倒裝fullinversion部分倒裝partialinversion

直接引語directspeech