高中英語-語法主謂一致教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)情分析教材分析課后反思

Book4Unit1WomenofachievementGrammarAgreementbetweensubjectandverbHanBo一、Teachingaims:[目標(biāo)]Improvetheknowledgeofgrammar二、Importantpoints:[重點(diǎn)]Rulesofgrammar三、Difficultpoints:[難點(diǎn)]Usageofgrammar四、TeachingstepsStep1LeadinginFillintheblanks.1.Manytrees________beenplantedonourcampus.2.Mr.Liu__________(teach)uschemistry.3._______youintheclassroomyesterdayevening?4.I_______abrother.He____nobrother.Step2Self-learningWatchthesentencescarefully.Discussanyproblemsinpairsorgroupsandfindoutmoreaboutagreement.在英語句子里，謂語受主語支配，其動(dòng)詞必須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這叫主謂一致(Agreement)。尋其規(guī)律，大致可歸納為三個(gè)原則，即語法一致、邏輯意義一致和就就近一致原則。Step3:Explanationandimprovement語法一致原則：語法上一致就是謂語動(dòng)詞和主語在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。 1、以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞短語或從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Hisfather______workingonthefarmnow.Thechildren______intheclassroomtwohoursago.注意：由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，后面的謂語動(dòng)詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但若表語是復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：WhatIbought______threeEnglishbooks.2、由連接詞and或both…and連接起來的合成主語后面，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語動(dòng)詞。如：LucyandLilyaretwins.Theboyandthegirl_______surprisedwhentheyheardthenews.注意：①若and所連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)人或物時(shí)，它后面的謂語動(dòng)詞就應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。如：Thewriterandartist______come.②由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別有no,each,every，morethana(an),manya(an)修飾時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：Everystudentandeveryteacher____intheroom.Noboyandnogirllikesit.3、主語為單數(shù)名詞或代詞，盡管后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,besides,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,including等引起的短語，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式；若主語為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Mr.Green,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,hascometoChina.NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground.She,likeyouandTom,isverytall.4、either,neither,each,every或no+單數(shù)名詞和由some,any,no,every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞，都作單數(shù)看待。如：Eachofushasanewbook.Everythingaroundusismatter. 注意：①在口語中當(dāng)either或neither后跟有“of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞（或代詞）”作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Neitherofthetextsis(are)interesting.②若noneof后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，它的謂語動(dòng)詞就要用單數(shù)；若它后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，它的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)都可以。如：Noneofushas(have)beentoAmerica.5、在定語從句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞that,who,which等作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如：Heisoneofmyfriendswho_____workinghard.Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswho__workinghard.6、如果集體名詞指的是整個(gè)集體，它的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果它指集體的成員，其謂語動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這些詞有family,class,crowd,committee,population,audience等。如：ClassFourisonthethirdfloor.ClassFourareunabletoagreeuponamonitor.注意：people,police,cattle等名詞一般都用作復(fù)數(shù)。如：Thepolice_____lookingforthelostchild.7、由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,therestof,themajorityof+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語以及由“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。如：Therearealotofpeopleintheclassroom.Therestofthelectureiswonderful.50%ofthestudentsinourclassaregirls. 注意：anumberof“許多”，作定語修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；thenumberof“…的數(shù)量”，主語是number，謂語用單數(shù)。8、在倒裝句中，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。如：Therecomesthebus.Onthewallaremanypictures.Suchistheresult./Sucharethefacts.（二）邏輯意義一致原則：邏輯意義一致就是謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)必須和主語的意義一致（因有時(shí)主語形式為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)；有時(shí)形式為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義為單數(shù)）。 1、what,who,which,any,more,all等代詞可以是單數(shù)，也可是復(fù)數(shù)，主要靠意思來決定。如：Whichisyourbag?Whichareyourbags?Allisgoingwell.AllhavegonetoBeijing. 2、表示“時(shí)間、重量、長度、價(jià)值”等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式，這是由于作主語的名詞在概念上是一個(gè)整體。如：Thirtyminutesisenoughforthework.3、若英語是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報(bào)名、國名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。如：“TheArabianNights”isaninterestingstory-book.4、表數(shù)量的短語“oneandahalf”后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Oneandahalfapplesis(are)leftonthetable.5、算式中表示數(shù)目（字）的主語通常作單數(shù)看待，其謂語動(dòng)詞采用單數(shù)形式。如：Twelvepluseightistwenty.Fifty-sixdividedbyeightisseven.6、一些學(xué)科名詞是以–ics結(jié)尾，如：mathematics,politics,physics以及news,works等，都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，實(shí)際意義為單數(shù)名詞，它們作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：Thepaperworkswasbuiltin1990.Ithinkphysicsisn’teasytostudy.7、trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,等詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果這些名詞前有a(the)pairof等量詞修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Myglassesarebroken.Thepairofshoesunderthebedishis.8、“定冠詞the+形容詞或分詞”，表示某一類人時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。（三）就近一致原則：在英語句子中，有時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)與最近的主語保持一致。 1、當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語由either…or,neither…nor,whether…or…,notonly…butalso連接時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞和鄰近的主語一致。如：Eithertheteacherorthestudentsareourfriends.Neithertheynorheiswhollyright.Isneitherhenortheywhollyright? 2、therebe句型be動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語。如果其后是由and連接的兩個(gè)主語，則應(yīng)與靠近的那個(gè)主語保持一致。如：Therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom..注意：Here引導(dǎo)的句子用法同上。Step4:Consolidation1．Thepolicedeterminedtobringbackthemissingboywhenhisfamilyalmostgivenupallhopes.A．is;have B．a(chǎn)re;have C．is;has D．a(chǎn)re;has2．NeithermyparentsnorIathome,sonobodycouldanswerthephone.A．was B．were C．is D．a(chǎn)re3．Thereapencil,twopensandthreebooksonthedesk,butnoneofthemmine.A．is;is B．be;are C．a(chǎn)re;are D．a(chǎn)re;is4．—Whatisyourfavoriteinyoursparetime,Jack？—WritingstoriesandarticleswhatIenjoymost.A．is B．was C．were D．a(chǎn)re5．ThefatheraswellashisthreechildrenskatingonthefrozenrivereverySundayafternooninwinter.A．isgoing B．go C．goes D．a(chǎn)regoing6．ApoetandartistcomingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpaintingtomorrowafternoon.A．is B．a(chǎn)re C．was D．were7．JackistheonlyoneofthefewstudentswhoEnglishwell.A．speaks B．speak C．say D．tell8．Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.A．was B．were C．hadbeen D．wouldbe9．Thefamoussingeranddanceroureveningpartytonight.A．a(chǎn)recomingto B．iscomingtoC．a(chǎn)retocome D．iscomingin10．MostofwhathasbeensaidabouttheSmithsalsotrueoftheJohnsons.A．a(chǎn)re B．is C．being D．tobe11．ProfessorJameswillgiveusalectureontheWesternculture,butwhenandwhere yet.A．hasn’tbeendecided B．haven’tdecidedC．isn’tbeingdecided D．a(chǎn)ren’tdecided12．Eachgirlandeachboydonetheirbesttowinthegame,andtheyeach gotadictionaryasaprize.A．have;has B．has;have C．have;have D．has;has13．AsIhaveameetingatfour,tenminutesallthatcansparetotalkwithyou.A．a(chǎn)re B．was C．is D．wereStep5Homework1.Gooverthegrammar2.FinishtheexercisesintheWB學(xué)情分析1．學(xué)生個(gè)性和英語水平差異大，教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)要有梯度，由淺入深，注意層次性。教師要抓住學(xué)生的心理，激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣，讓他們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)中學(xué)會(huì)參與，在參與中學(xué)會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)。2．根據(jù)學(xué)生的心理特征，采用視、聽、說的教學(xué)方法，從感性知識(shí)入手，逐漸上升到理性認(rèn)識(shí)，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生運(yùn)用英語進(jìn)行表達(dá)的能力。效果分析從學(xué)生活動(dòng)來看，這節(jié)課為學(xué)生設(shè)計(jì)了多種活動(dòng)讓學(xué)生進(jìn)行參與，課堂引入中的回答問題，課中的各種教學(xué)活動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì)，都讓學(xué)生有足夠的機(jī)會(huì)進(jìn)行自我展示。在這些精彩活動(dòng)的引導(dǎo)下，學(xué)生們積極參與各種課堂活動(dòng)，尤其是任務(wù)準(zhǔn)備和任務(wù)展示環(huán)節(jié)，學(xué)生們團(tuán)結(jié)合作，互幫互助的意識(shí)得到了加強(qiáng)，部分學(xué)生也敢于自我展示,而且口語流利，自然大方，為學(xué)生們提供了一個(gè)很好的鍛煉機(jī)會(huì)。教材分析本單元緊扣“女性”這一中心話題，通過介紹生活在不同國度不同時(shí)代的杰出女性，探討女性在社會(huì)生活中的地位、價(jià)值和貢獻(xiàn)，關(guān)注她們所面臨的困難，謳歌她們?cè)谏鐣?huì)各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的成就，學(xué)習(xí)本單元內(nèi)容有助于提高學(xué)生對(duì)婦女的社會(huì)角色的認(rèn)識(shí)，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生尤其是女學(xué)生的自信心、事業(yè)心和社會(huì)責(zé)任感，建立正確的性別觀和社會(huì)觀。warming-up列出了幾位偉大女性及其突出貢獻(xiàn)，學(xué)生通過討論總結(jié)出評(píng)定偉人的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。rending分為pre-reading，reading和comprehending三部分。pre-reading直接引入課文話題，reading是一篇關(guān)于Janegoodall與她的同事們?cè)诜侵拊忌钟^察非洲黑猩猩的一個(gè)片段，并闡述她從事這項(xiàng)工作的重要性及她所取的成就，話題較新穎。comprehending設(shè)計(jì)了一些幫助學(xué)生檢測(cè)對(duì)課文作淺層、深層的鞏固練習(xí)。評(píng)測(cè)練習(xí)1.Thebasketballcoach,aswellashisteam,________interviewedshortlyafterthematchfortheiroutstandingperformance.A.were B.was C.is D.are2.Allthescientificevidence________thatincreasinguseofchemicalsinfarming________damagingourhealth.A.show；are B.shows；are C.show；is D.shows；is3．Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcerts________causedhearinglossinsometeenagers.A．is B．a(chǎn)re C．has D．have4．—What’sthematterwithDella?—Well，herparentswouldn’tallowhertogototheparty，butshestill________.A．hopesto B．hopesso C．hopesnot D．hopesfor5.Itwasnotuntilneartheendoftheletter________shementionedherownplan.A.thatB.whereC.whyD.when6.Itwasonlyafterhehadreadthepapers________Mr.Grossrealizedthetaskbeforehimwasextremelydifficulttocomplete.A.when B.that C.whichD.what7.Itwaswiththehelpofthelocalguide________themountainclimberwasrescued.A.who B.that C.when D.how8.Thedriverwantedtoparkhiscarneartheroadsidebutwasaskedbythepolice. A.nottodo B.notto C.notdo D.donot9.Thefamousmusician,aswellashisstudents,________toperformattheopeningceremonyofthe2012TaipeiFlowerExpo.A.wereinvitedB.wasinvitedC.havebeeninvitedD.hasbeeninvited10.Theuniversityestimatesthatlivingexpensesforinternationalstudents________around$8,450ayear,which________aburdenforsomeofthem.A.are；is B.are；are C.is；are D.is；is11.Generally,students’innermotivationwithhighexpectationsfromothers_________essentialtotheirdevelopment.A.isB.areC.wasD.were12.Thefactoryused65percentoftherawmaterials，therestofwhich_______savedforotherpurposes.A．is B．a(chǎn)reC．was D．were課后教學(xué)反思我認(rèn)為學(xué)生通過對(duì)本單元的學(xué)習(xí)，了解到許多杰出的女性在艱辛的