HND商法導論報告outcome1-RA

WhatisCriminalLaw?（什么是刑法）dealswithalltypesofoffencesandcrime.Itconcernsitselfwiththerecognitionofwhatamountstoacrimeandthepunishmentssuitablefortheserecognizedcrimes.MainsourcesofmodernScotslaw（現(xiàn)代蘇格蘭法主要來源）EuropeanUnionLawPrimaryLegislation:TreatyofRome1957TheSingleEuropeanAct1986TheTreatyonEuropeanUnion—byEuropeanUnionSecondaryLegislation：Regulation規(guī)定Directives指示Recommendations建議Opinions意見StatutorySourcesofLaw：ActsofParliament（議會立法）DelegatedLegislation（委托立法）EuropeanUnionlaw.（歐盟法）CommonLawSources：JudicialPrecedent（司法先例）Custom（習慣法）Equity(衡平法)InstitutionalWritings.（經(jīng)典法學著作）JudicialPrecedent（司法判例）案例：DonoghueVStevenson1932SC(HL)31ThisisthemostcommonmethodbywhichEnglishlawismade.Ifnoprovisioninlegislation,thejudgemustmakeadecisionwhichhe/sheseesasfairandjust.Thejudgeisactuallymakingthelaw.He/sheiscreatingaprecedent,andthedecisionwillbefollowedinthefutureinsimilarcases.Resultinthecreationof‘caselaw’.Ifcontrarylegislationispassedlater,thelegislationwilloverruleit.FourmostimportantinstitutionsofEuropeanUnion(歐盟4個主要機構(gòu))理事會Councilofministers議會EuropeanParliament法院theEuropeancourtofJustice歐盟委員會theEuropeancommissionLaw–makingpowersbyEuropeanUnioninstitutions（歐盟的立法機構(gòu)）理事會Councilofministers議會EuropeanParliamentWhichtheWesterminsterParliamentortheScottishPaliamentisthesurperiorlegislationbody？Why？（威斯敏斯特議會和蘇格蘭議會哪個權(quán)力大）（1）WesterminsterParliament（2）TheScottishParliamentisnolongeracompletelyindependentbodyafter1707.WestminsterParliamenttomakelawstogivetherighttotheScottishParliament,ScottishParliamentenactedtwolaws,theBritishParliamentcanoverturnthelawsenactedbytheScottishParliament.NameActsofParliament(蘇格蘭制定的法律名稱)(1)SaleofGoodsAct1979(2)EmploymentRightsAct1996(3)HumanRightsAct1998(4)ProtectionofChildren(Scotland)Act2003(5)ThehealthandsafetyatworkAct1974Whatisacrime？(什么是犯罪)Example舉例Crimereferstotheorganizationorindividualinviolationofcriminallawsandregulations,havebeenidentifiedasviolationsofcivilprivatelyownedproperty,violationofpersonalrights,democraticrightsandotherrights,andotherharmfulsocialbehavior.Foxexample,Inorderforseizureofaperson'spropertyandintentionallymurderedhimExamplesofCriminalconduct刑事犯罪例子Murder（謀殺）Rape（強奸）Armedrobbery(持械搶劫)Manslaughter（過失殺人）Grievousbodilyharm（故意傷害罪）AssumingthereexamplesaconflictbetweenScotsandEuropeanUnionlawwhichoneofthetwolegalsystemaretheScottishCourtsboundtofollow？（當蘇格蘭法和歐盟法發(fā)生沖突時，蘇法院該遵守歐盟法，解釋）Whenthe1707,ScotlandbecamepartoftheUnitedKingdom,ScotlandmustcomplywiththeUnitedKingdom,theUnitedKingdomtogiveScotlandthepowertodevelopsecondarylegislation,buttheBritishParliamentenactedlegislationtooverthrowthepowerofScotland.BritainjoinedtheEUin1973,theUnitedKingdommustacceptsomeofthemajorEUpoliciesandlaws.SowhenScottishlawandEUlawconflict,theSovietUnionthecourtmustcomplywithEUlaw.NameinorderofimportancethetwolegislativebodieswhichcanpasslawsforthepeopleofScotland（蘇格蘭可以遵守哪2個立法機構(gòu)制定的法律）WesterminsterParliamentScottishParliamentExamplesofthelegalrulesmadebyEU（歐盟的立法）Regulations（規(guī)則）Directives（指令）Recommendations（建議）Opinions（意見）Decisions（決定）WhatdoyouunderstandbythephrasetheprimacyofEuropeanUnionLaw？（怎樣理解歐盟的首位立法）ThefirstisthefactthatEUlegislationandtheprovisionsofEUlegislationinconflictwiththelawofScotland,Scotlandhasitsownlaws,butastheprice,theScottishcourtisobligedtoimplementtheprovisionsoftheEuropeanUnion.WhatisStatuteLaw（什么是成文法）StatuteLegislationPassedbyUnitedKingdomParliament.UnitedKingdomParliamentcanmakelawforthewholeUKScottishParliamentcanmakelawforScottishpeople.成文法例子：《actsofSeadrift》《actsofAdjournal》Whatdoes(Scotland)inthetitleoftheProtectionofChildren(Scotland)Act1993meanTheword(Scotland)inthetitleoftheProtectionofChildren(Scotland)Act1993meansthatthispieceoflegislat