華為生成樹協(xié)議配置

生成樹協(xié)議的配置【實訓(xùn)背景】學(xué)校為了開展計算機教學(xué)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)辦公，建立了一個計算機教室和一個校辦公區(qū)，這兩處的計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)通過兩臺交換機互連組成內(nèi)部校園網(wǎng)；為了提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)的可靠性，作為網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理員的你要用2條鏈路將交換機互連，現(xiàn)要求在交換機上做適當配置，使網(wǎng)絡(luò)避免環(huán)路。【實訓(xùn)目的】掌握生成樹協(xié)議的配置方法，理解生成樹協(xié)議的作用和特點【技術(shù)原理】生成樹協(xié)議（spanning-tree），作用是在交換網(wǎng)絡(luò)中提供冗余備份鏈路，并且解決交換網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的環(huán)路問題。生成樹協(xié)議是利用SPA算法（生成樹算法），在存在交換環(huán)路的網(wǎng)絡(luò)中生成一個沒有環(huán)路的樹形網(wǎng)絡(luò)。運用該算法將交換網(wǎng)絡(luò)冗余的備份鏈路邏輯上斷開，當主要鏈路出現(xiàn)故障時，能夠自動的切換到備份鏈路，保證數(shù)據(jù)的正常轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)。生成樹協(xié)議的特點是收斂時間長。當主要鏈路出現(xiàn)故障以后，到切換到備份鏈路需要50秒的時間?！緦嵱?xùn)內(nèi)容】1、 根據(jù)拓撲將主機和交換機進行連接（未形成環(huán)路）2、 測試主機之間可以相互ping通3、 配置生成樹協(xié)議4、 測試（形成環(huán)路）5、 測試（斷開主要鏈路）【實現(xiàn)功能】使網(wǎng)絡(luò)在有冗余鏈路的情況下避免環(huán)路的產(chǎn)生，避免廣播風(fēng)暴等?！緦嵱?xùn)設(shè)備】s3100（2臺），PC（2臺）、直連線（4條）【主要命令】stp,stpmode,spanning-treePriority,undostp【實訓(xùn)步驟】1、在每臺交換機上開啟生成樹協(xié)議．對SwitchA做如下配置：<H3C><H3C>system-view！進入全局配置模式[H3C]sysnameSwitchA[SwitchA]vlan10[SwitchA-vlan10]quit[SwitchA]interfacefastethernet0/24[SwitchA-fastethernet0/24]portaccvlan10[SwitchA]interfacef0/1[SwitchA-fastethernet]portlink-typetrunk[SwitchA]interfacef0/2[SwitchA-fastethernet]portlink-typetrunk[SwitchA-fastethernet]quit[SwitchA]對SwitchB做如下配置：<H3C><H3C>system-view！進入全局配置模式[H3C]sysnameSwitchB[SwitchB]vlan10[SwitchBvlanlO]quit[SwitchB]interfacefastethernet0/24[SwitchB-fastethernet]portaccvlan10[SwitchB]interfacef0/1[SwitchB-fastetherne]portlink-typetrunk[SwitchB]interfacef0/2[SwitchB-fastetherne]portlink-typetrunk[SwitchB-fastetherne]quit[SwitchB]2、設(shè)置生成樹模式。stpmodestp!設(shè)置生成樹模式為STP(802.1D)驗證測試：驗證生成樹協(xié)模式為802.1D<SwitchA>sys[SwitchA]stpenable!開啟生成樹協(xié)議[SwitchA]stpmodestp[SwitchA]quit<SwitchB>sys[SwitchB]stpenable!開啟生成樹協(xié)議[SwitchB]stpmodestp[SwitchB]quit驗證測試：驗證生成樹協(xié)議已經(jīng)開啟SwitchA#dispstp [CISTGlobalInfo][ModeSTP] CISTBridge:32768.000f-e253-8317本機橋IDBridgeTimes:Hello2sMaxAge20sFwDly15sMaxHop20CISTRoot/ERPC:32768.000f-e249-d546/200根橋ID及路徑開銷CISTRegRoot/IRPC:32768.000f-e253-8317/0CISTRootPortId:128.1短口IDBPDU-Protection:disabledTC-Protection:enabled/Threshold=6BridgeConfigDigestSnooping:disabledTCorTCNreceived:122TimesincelastTC:0days0h:0m:9s [Port1(Ethernet1/0/1)][FORWARDING] 發(fā)送狀態(tài)PortProtocol:enabledPortRole:CISTRootPortPortPriority:128PortCost(Legacy):Config=auto/Active=200Desg.Bridge/Port:32768.000f-e249-d546/128.1PortEdged:Config=disabled/Active=disabledPoint-to-point:Config=auto/Active=trueTransmitLimit:10packets/hello-timeProtectionType:NoneMSTPBPDUformat:Config=legacyPortConfigDigestSnooping:disabledNumofVlansMapped:1PortTimes:Hello2sMaxAge20sFwDly15sMsgAge0sRemHop0BPDUSent:3TCN:1,Config:2,RST:0,MST:0BPDUReceived:39TCN:0,Config:39,RST:0,MST:0 [Port2(Ethernet1/0/2)][DISCARDING] 阻塞狀態(tài)PortProtocol:enabledPortRole:CISTAlternatePortPortPriority:128PortCost(Legacy):Config=auto/Active=200Desg.Bridge/Port:32768.000f-e249-d546/128.2PortEdged:Config=disabled/Active=disabledPoint-to-point:Config=auto/Active=trueTransmitLimit:10packets/hello-timeProtectionType:NoneMSTPBPDUformat:Config=legacyPortConfigDigestSnooping:disabledNumofVlansMapped:1PortTimes:Hello2sMaxAge20sFwDly15sMsgAge0sRemHop0BPDUSent:2TCN:0,Config:2,RST:0,MST:0BPDUReceived:59TCN:0,Config:59,RST:0,MST:0[SwitchA]dispstpintel/0/1顯示接口STP信息 [CIST][Port1(Ethernet1/0/1)][FORWARDING] PortProtocol:enabledPortRole:CISTRootPortPortPriority:128接口優(yōu)先級PortCost(Legacy):Config=auto/Active=200Desg.Bridge/Port:32768.000f-e249-d546/128.1PortEdged:Config=disabled/Active=disabledPoint-to-point:Config=auto/Active=trueTransmitLimit:10packets/hello-timeProtectionType:NoneMSTPBPDUformat:Config=legacyPortConfigDigestSnooping:disabledNumofVlansMapped:1PortTimes:Hello2sMaxAge20sFwDly15sMsgAge0sRemHop0BPDUSent:3TCN:1,Config:2,RST:0,MST:0BPDUReceived:195TCN:0,Config:195,RST:0,MST:03、設(shè)置交換機的優(yōu)先級。[SwitchA]stppriority0！設(shè)置交換機SwitchA在生成樹實例0中的優(yōu)先級為0,數(shù)值最小的交換機為根交換機（也稱根橋），交換機SwitchB的優(yōu)先級采用默認優(yōu)先級（32768），因此SwitchA將成為根交換機。驗證測試：驗證交換機SwitchA的優(yōu)先級[SwitchA]displaystpStpVersion:STPSysStpStatus:EnabledBaseNumPorts:24MaxAge:20HelloTime:2ForwardDelay:15BridgeMaxAge:20BridgeHelloTime:2BridgeForwardDelay:15MaxHops:20TxHoldCount:3PathCostMethod:LongBPDUGuard:DisabledBPDUFilter:DisabledBridgeAddr:00d0.f88c.1da0Priority:0TimeSinceTopologyChange:0d:0h:7m:21sTopologyChanges:0DesignatedRoot:000000D0F88C1DA0RootCost:0RootPort:0[SwitchB]disstp [CISTGlobalInfo][ModeSTP] CISTBridge:32768.000f-e249-d546本機橋IDBridgeTimes:Hello2sMaxAge20sFwDly15sMaxHop20CISTRoot/ERPC:32768.000f-e249-d546/0根橋ID及路徑開銷CISTRegRoot/IRPC:32768.000f-e249-d546/0CISTRootPortId:0.0BPDU-Protection:disabledTC-Protection:enabled/Threshold=6BridgeConfigDigestSnooping:disabledTCorTCNreceived:5TimesincelastTC:0days0h:3m:11s [Port1(Ethernet1/0/1)][FORWARDING] PortProtocol:enabledPortRole:CISTDesignatedPortPortPriority:128PortCost(Legacy):Config=auto/Active=200Desg.Bridge/Port:32768.000f-e249-d546/128.1PortEdged:Config=disabled/Active=disabledPoint-to-point:Config=auto/Active=trueTransmitLimit:10packets/hello-timeProtectionType:NoneMSTPBPDUformat:Config=legacyPortConfigDigestSnooping:disabledNumofVlansMapped:1PortTimes:Hello2sMaxAge20sFwDly15sMsgAge0sRemHop20BPDUSent:114TCN:0,Config:114,RST:0,MST:0BPDUReceived:1TCN:1,Config:0,RST:0,MST:0 [Port2(Ethernet1/0/2)][FORWARDING] PortProtocol:enabledPortRole:CISTDesignatedPortPortPriority:128PortCost(Legacy):Config=auto/Active=200Desg.Bridge/Port:32768.000f-e249-d546/128.2PortEdged:Config=disabled/Active=disabledPoint-to-point:Config=auto/Active=trueTransmitLimit:10packets/hello-timeProtectionType:NoneMSTPBPDUformat:Config=legacyPortConfigDigestSnooping:disabledNumofVlansMapped:1PortTimes:Hello2sMaxAge20sFwDly15sMsgAge0sRemHop20BPDUSent:132TCN:0,Config:132,RST:0,MST:0BPDUReceived:0TCN:0,Config:0,RST:0,MST:04、綜合驗證測試。驗證交換機SwitchB的端口FO/1和FO/2的狀態(tài)。[SwitchB]displaystpinterfaceethernet1/0/1-[Port1(Ethernet1/0/1)][FORWARDING] PortProtocol:enabledPortRole:CISTDesignatedPortPortPriority:128PortCost(Legacy):Config=auto/Active=200Desg.Bridge/Port:32768.000f-e249-d546/128.1PortEdged:Config=disabled/Active=disabledPoint-to-point:Config=auto/Active=trueTransmitLimit:10packets/hello-timeProtectionType:NoneMSTPBPDUformat:Config=legacyPortConfigDigestSnooping:disabledNumofVlansMapped:1PortTimes:Hello2sMaxAge20sFwDly15sMsgAge0sRemHop20BPDUSent:114TCN:0,Config:114,RST:0,MST:0BPDUReceived:1TCN:1,Config:0,RST:0,MST:0[SwitchB]displaystpinterfaceethernet1/0/2-[Port2(Ethernet1/0/2)][FORWARDING] PortProtocol:enabledPortRole:CISTDesignatedPortPortPriority:128PortCost(Legacy):Config=auto/Active=200Desg.Bridge/Port:32768.000f-e249-d546/128.2PortEdged:Config=disabled/Active=disabledPoint-to-point:Config=auto/Active=trueTransmitLimit:10packets/hello-timeProtectionType:NoneMSTPBPDUformat:Config=legacyPortConfigDigestSnooping:disabledNumofVlansMapped:1PortTimes:Hello2sMaxAge20sFwDly15sMsgAge0sRemHop20BPDUSent:132TCN:0,Config:132,RST:0,MST:0BPDUReceived:0TCN:0,Config:0,RST:0,MST:0驗證網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓撲發(fā)生變化時，ping的丟包情況。C:\>ping192.168.10.3-!從主機PC1pingPC2(用連續(xù)ping)，然后拔掉SwitchA與SwitchB的端口F0/1之間的連線，觀察丟包情況。C:\>ping192.168.10.3-tPinging192.168.10.3with32bytesofdata:Replyfrom192.168.10.3:bytes=32time<1msTTL=128Replyfrom192.168.10.3:bytes=32time<1msTTL=128Replyfrom192.168.10.3:bytes=32time<1msTTL=128Replyfrom192.168.10.3:bytes=32time<1msTTL=128Requesttimedout.Requesttimedout.Requesttimedout.Requesttimedout.Requesttimedout.Requesttimedout.Replyfrom192.168.10.3:bytes=32time<1msTTL=128Replyfrom192.168.10.3:bytes=32time<1msTTL=128Replyfrom192.168.10.3:bytes=32time<1msTTL=128Replyfrom192.168.10.3:bytes=32time<1msTTL=128Replyfrom192.168.10.3:bytes=32time<1msTTL=128Replyfrom192.168.10.3:bytes=32time<1msTTL=128Replyfrom192.168.10.3:bytes=32time<1msTTL=128驗證網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓撲發(fā)生變化時，交換機SwitchB的端口2的狀態(tài)變化，并觀察生成樹的收斂時間?！咀⒁馐马棥縣3c交換機缺省是關(guān)閉stp的，因此，如果網(wǎng)絡(luò)在物理上存在環(huán)路，則必須手工開啟stp?！緟⒖寂渲谩?、交換機SwitchA配置[SwitchA]displaycurrSystemsoftwareversion:1.66(3)BuildSep72006RelBuildingconfiguration...Currentconfiguration:491bytes!version1.0!hostnameSwitchAvlan1!vlan10!enablesecret