2022-2023年吉林省吉林市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)重點(diǎn)匯總（含答案）

2022-2023年吉林省吉林市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)重點(diǎn)匯總（含答案）學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

Whentherearenoefficientdoctorsinlargepopulationcenters,epidemicsstart.

A.YB.NC.NG

2.

Brand-nameproductsarepromotedmorefrequently.

A.YB.NC.NG

3.Eco-vandalsinEdinburghstormedafieldtwoyearsago,aimingat______.

4.

Whatdomostliarsfeelwhentheyareabletogetawaywithlying?

A.Fortunate.B.Ashamed.C.Proud.D.Fun

5.

Newtonbelievedthattheforcethatpulledtheappledownwasnotthesamethatkeptthemooncirclingtheearth.

A.YB.NC.NG

6.

Regardlessofotherworkplacechanges,employeesmaylongforandworkerswillstillneedto______inordertodotheirbest.

7.PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

Directions:Inthispartyouwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestions,on,AnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

TheEastIndiaCompany

TheconceptofcorporationswasfirstestablishedunderancientRomanlaw.Butitwasn'tuntilEnglandemergedfromtheMiddleAgesthatitcreatedwhatwerecognizeasthemoderncorporatestructure.ItallbeganonDec.31,1600,whenQueenElizabethIgrantedachartertotheBritishEastIndiaCorporation,namingthecorporation"TheGovernorandCompanyofMerchantsofLondon,tradingwiththeEastIndies".ThecorporationconductedbusinessintheEastIndies(landthatwenowconsiderIndiaandtheMiddleEast)attheorderofthequeen.

TheEastIndiaCompanyestablishedafewmajorprecedentsformoderncorporations.Butitalsoshapedtheworldincountlessotherways.WithboththefinancialandmilitarysupportoftheCrown,theEICservedasaninstrumentofimperialism(帝國(guó)主義)forEngland.Thecompanyhaditsownprivatearmyandraisedsoldiersintheareasitconquered.Itsexpansionismspurredseveralwarsthatproducedatleasttwosovereignnations.Amongitsmanyclaimstofame(andnotoriety),theEICindirectlybuiltYaleUniversity,helpedcreatetwonationsandwastheworld's1o~rgestdrug-dealingoperationinthe18thcentury.

Thecompanywasruthless(無(wú)情的)initsquestforprofits.ParliamentevencalledtheEICtyrannical(殘暴的).However,withouttheEIC,Englandmayhaveneverdevelopedintothenationitistoday.

TheCreationoftheEastIndiaCompany

WhentheBritishEastIndiaCompany(EIC)wasformedin1600,therewerealreadyotherEastIndiaCompaniesoperatingonbehalfofFrance,theNetherlands,SpainandPortugal.ThankstothenavalroutethatexplorerVascodaGamadiscovered,richesfromtheOrientwerepouringintoEurope.Withothernationsimportingfortunesingoodsandplunder,QueenElizabethdecidedEnglandshouldgetsome,too.SoshegrantedthecharterfortheEastIndiaCompany.

Thechartersheissuedcreatedthefirstofficialjoint-stockcorporation.Ajoint-stockcorporationiscomposedofinvestorswhoaregrantedsharesinacompany.InreturnfortheirinitialInvestments,shareholdersaregivendividends,orpercentages,ofthecompany'sprofitsbasedonthenumberofsharestheinvestorholds.

SharesanddividendswerenotnewConceptsin.England.TwentyyearspriortotheEIC'scharter,QueenElizabethwasalreadyamajorstakeholderInSirFrancisDrake'sship,theGoldenHind.Althoughit'snotcertainhowmuchshemadefromDrake'svoyagestotheNewWorld,thecaptainhimselfmadea5000percentreturnonhisinitialinvestment.

Soajoint-stockcorporationliketheoneQueenElizabethformedintheEastIndiaCompanywasn'tmuchofafinancialleap.Butitwasthefirstofitskind,andfollowingtheestablishmentoftheEIC,itsDutch,Frenchandothercompetitorsfollowedsuit.ButgrantingchartertotheEICwasn'ttheonlypartoftheprototypeformoderncorporationsthatQueenElizabethdevised.

Underthesupportofherroyalauthority,ElizabethalsolimitedtheliabilityoftheEIC'sinvestors-includinghers.Thismadethecompanytheworld'sfirstlimitedliabilitycorporation(abbreviatedasLLCintheUnitedStatesandLheUnitedKingdom).UnderanLLC,theinvestorsinacorporationaregrantedprotectionfromlosinganymoremoneythantheirinitialinvestmentsintheventure.Ifthecompanygoesunder,theinvestorsonlylosetheamo

A.fromearlyseventeenthcentury

B.fromtheMiddleAges

C.underancientRomanlaw

D.fromtheendingoftheindustrialrevolution

8.

Telegraphoperationisalessstressful,lessattention-demandinginformation-technologyjobincomparisonwithcomputeroperation.

A.YB.NC.NG

9.

Thoseconventionalbuildingsrequireimprovementbecausetheyrevealthatenergyis

10.

Wecannotsolvethepollutionproblem.

A.YB.NC.NG

11.

Collegeinstructorsdon'tlikethosestudentswhoonlyrepeat______.

12.

Withthemixer,youcansetthevolumeofeachtrackofsound______theothertracks.

13.

Atfirst,SamWaltonwastheownerofa______.

A.grocery

B.five-and-dimestore

C.low-endrestaurant

D.laundry

14.GiantPanda

CharacteristicsofGiantPandas

ThescientificnameofGiantPandaisAiluropodamelanoleuca,whichmeans"cat-footedanimalsinblackandwhitecolor".Anadultpandacanbeastallas1.6to1.8meterswithbodyweightrangingfrom60to160kg.MaleGiantPandasarelargerthanfemales,andtheyweighaboutl0to20%heavier.TheheadoftheGiantPandaislarge,withabroadroundface,flatnoseandroundprotrudingears.Surroundingtheeyesarethecharacteristicblackpatches.Theears,limbsandshouldersarecoveredwithblackfurwhilethefurontheotherpartsofthebodyiswhite.ScientistsbelievethattheblackandwhitecolorationhelpsGiantPandasavoidcontactwitheachother.However,atthesametime,thisdistinctivecolorationcanhelpthemfindeachothereasilyduringmatingseasons.ThefuroftheGiantPandaisactuallyrough,shortandverydense.Theoilynatureofthefurcanpreventpenetrationofmoisture,whichisanimportantadaptationtolivinginhumidenvironment.GiantPandas'abilitytoseefarisweak.However,theirauditoryandolfactory(嗅覺(jué))sensesareverystrong.

HabitatofGiantPandas

TheyaresolelyfoundinSichuan,andthesouthwesternpartsofGansuandShanxiprovinces.TheGiantPandasliveinbambooforestsrangingfrom4,000to11,000feetabovesealevel,whereitishumid.Inwinter,theymigratelowerdownthemountains,whileinsummertheystayinthehigherreaches.Themale'shomerangeislargerthanthatofthefemale.Amale'shomerangecanbeupto30squarekilometers.

Behavior.ofGiantPandas

GiantPandasaremostactiveinthemorningandatdusk.GiantPandassleephiddenawayinsidecavesanddenswhichmaybeahollowatthebottomofalargetreetruck.GiantPandasaresolitaryanimals.Theyspendtheirlivesalone,exceptduringmatingseasonsorwhenfemalesreartheiryoung.GiantPandasliveinwell-definedterritories.GiantPandasurinate(小便)orscentontreestowarnothersoftheirpresenceintheterritory.Theyalsovocalize,producingsoundssuchasroaringorbleating(similartothatofadomesticgoat),toconveytotheotherstheirintentions.GiantPandasdefecate(排便)about48timesaday.Inthewild,defecatesareusefulresearchmaterialsforscientists,fromtheminformationregardingtheindividualpandas,suchashealthconditions,andthesizeofthepopulationinthearea,canbegained.

DietofGiantPandas

TheGiantPandas'dietisveryspecific,consistingentirelyofbamboo.Aspandascanonlyabsorbabout10-18%ofnutrientsavailableinthebambootheyeat,itisnecessaryforthemtocatmorethan10kgofbambooadaytomeettheirdailyrequirement.Wildpandasonlyeat40speciesofbamboo,andonly2-6aretheirfavorites.Theleavesofthebambooaremostnutritiousandbalancedinnutrients.However,thenutritionalvalueofdifferentpartsofthebamboochangesaccordingtoseasons.Seasonalchangesaffectthepanda'spreferenceofwhichpartofthebambootoeat.Forexample,beforewinterarrives,pandapreferstoeattherootsofthebamboobecausetheycontainmorewaterandprotein.

ReproductionofGiantPandas

ThematingseasonofGiantPandasrangesfromJanuarytoJune.Thefemalepandasmaymatewithmorethanonemaleinasinglematingseasontoensuresuccessfulfertilization.Thegestation(妊娠)periodrangesfrom83to163days,and135daysistheaverage.Itiscommontohave1to2cubs(幼崽)inalitter(窩).However,onlyonecubwillreceiveenoughcarefromthemothertosurvive.Apandacubisbornblind,andcompletelyhelpless,therefore,itdemandsundividedattention,leavingthemotherlittleornotimeandenergytocareforasecondcub.Tohavethreecubsinalitterisveryrare.Anewly-borncubweighsabout90gto130g(3-5oz),intheorderof1/900thoftheadult'sweight.AGi

A.YB.NC.NG

15.

TheLAMVis18feetlong,10feetwide,and6feethighand2,200poundsandcanhold4passengers.

A.YB.NC.NG

16.

WhenGMtomatoesfirstenteredBritishsupermarket,itcausedasensationtothewholeimmediately.

A.YB.NC.NG

17.

AvarietyofgasestrappedintheEarth'satmospherecanensurelifeonEarthbecausetheyare______.

18.

Recently,researchershavefoundthatitissomethinginourbrainthatcausesouranxiety.

A.YB.NC.NG

19.

Multitasking,eveniftakentotheextreme,cangiveofficeworkersapositivefeeling,sincefrequentinterruptionsmakethemfeelmuchneededanddesired.

A.YB.NC.NG

20.

Themeaningofmoversandshakersis_______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.聽(tīng)力原文：TheGreatFireofLondonstartedintheveryearlyhoursof2September1666.Infourdaysitdestroyedmorethanthreequartersoftheoldcity,wheremostofthehouseswerewoodenandclosetogether.Onehundredthousandpeoplebecamehomeless,butonlyafewlosttheirlives.

ThefirestartedonSundaymorninginthehouseoftheKing'sbakerinPuddingLane.Thebaker,withhiswifeandfamily,wasabletogetoutthroughawindowintheroof.Astrongwindblewthefirefromthebakeryintoasmallhotelnextdoor.ThenitspreadquicklyintoThamesStreet.Thatwasthebeginning.

Byeighto'clockthreehundredhouseswereonfire.OnMondaynearlyakilometerofthecitywasburningalongtheRiverThames.Tuesdaywastheworstday.Thefiredestroyedmanywell-knownbuildings,oldSt.Paul'sandtheGuildhallamongthem.

SamuelPepys,thefamouswriter,wroteaboutthefire.Peoplethrewtheirthingsintotheriver.Manypoorpeoplestayedintheirhousesuntilthelastmoment.Birdsfelloutoftheairbecauseoftheheat.

ThefirestoppedonlywhentheKingfinallyorderedpeopletodestroyhundredsofbuildingsinthepathofthefire.Withnothinglefttoburn,thefirebecameweakandfinallydiedout.

Afterthefire,ChristopherWren,thearchitect,wantedacitywithwiderstreetsandfinenewhousesofstone.Infact,thestreetsarestillnarrow;buthedidbuildmorethanfiftychurches,amongthemanewSt.Paul's.

Thefirecausedgreatpainandloss,butafteritLondonwasabetterplace:acityforthefutureandnotjustofthepast.

Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

33.Wheredidthefirebegin?

34.WhyisSamuelPepysmentionedinthepassage?

35.Whatwasthereasonforthefire'sending?

(30)

A.Inahotel.

B.Inthepalace.

C.InPuddingLane.

D.InThamesStreet.

22.(34)

A.BecauseFDAapprovedthem.

B.Becausetheycannotreadthelabels.

C.Becausetheysupportthenewtechnique.

D.Becausetheycannottellwhichisclonedfood.

23.

【B3】

24.聽(tīng)力原文：F:Mywatchstoppedagain.AndIjustgotanewbattery.

M:Whydon'tyoutakeittotheshoponcampus?Theycancheckitforyou.Andthey'reprettyreasonable.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(16)

A.Hesuggeststhewomantohaveherwatchrefunded.

B.Hesuggeststhewomantobuyanewbatteryintheshoponcampus.

C.Hebelievestheshoponcampussellswatchesatareasonableprice.

D.Hesuggeststhewomantohaveherwatchcheckedintheshop.

25.(44)

26.聽(tīng)力原文：W:Youareontherighttrack.Fmjustthinkingyouneedtochooseanothertopic.

M:Yes,youareright.Ican'tfindadequatematerialforthistopic.Maybe,IshouldwritetheessayonShakespeare'spoetry.

Q:Whatwillthemanprobablydonext?

(16)

A.Hewillchooseanewtopictowritetheessay.

B.HewillchoosethenovelwrittenbyShakespeareasthetopic.

C.Herefusestoaccepttheman'sadvice.

D.Heisonthewrongtrack.

27.

【B8】

28.

【B9】

29.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽(tīng)力原文：EmilyDickinsonisoneofthegreatestAmericanpoets.ShewasborninatypicalNewEnglandvillageinMassachusettsonDecember10,1830.Shewasthesecondchildofthefamily,Shediedinthesamehousefifty-sixyearslater.Duringherlifetimesheneverlefthernativeland.Sheleftherhomestateonlyonce.Shelefthervillageveryfewtimes.Andafter1872sherarelyleftherhouseandyard.Inthelastyearsofherlifesheretreatedtoasmallerandsmallercircleoffamilyandfriends.Inthoselateryearsshedressedinwhiteandavoidedstrangers.Thedoctorwhoattendedherillnesswasallowedto"examine"herfromanotherroom,seeingherwalkbyanopeneddoor.Shewasthoughtofasa"strange"figureinherhomevillage.WhenshediedonMay15th,1886,shewasunknowntotherestoftheworld.Onlysevenofherpoemshadappearedinprint.ButtothinkofEmilyDickinsononlyasastrangefigureisaseriousmistake.Shelivedsimplyanddeliberately.Shefacedtheessentialfactsoflife.AccordingtoHenryJames,afamousAmericannovelist,shewasoneofthoseonwhomnothingwaslost.OnlybythuslivingcouldDickinsonmanagebothtofulfillherobligationsasadaughter,asister,andahousekeeperandtowriteontheaverageonepoemaday.Shereadonlyafewbooksbutknewthemdeeply.Herpoemsaresimplebutremarkablyrich.NotuntiltheI950swassherecognizedasoneofthegreatestAmericanpoets.

(27)

A.Almostallherlife.

B.Lessthanhalfherlife.

C.Until1830.

D.Before1872.

30.

【B7】

31.(29)

A.Todrivethetrainafteritisstartedautomatically.

B.Tostartthetrainandtodriveitwhennecessary.

C.Totakecareofthepassengersonthetrain.

D.Tosendcommandingsignalstothecommandspot.

32.(46)

33.(26)

A.Visitingyogacoach.

B.Joiningayogaclass.

C.Learningbreathing.

D.Keeponjoggingasusual.

34.(22)

A.Theyareshopping.

B.Theyarejogging.

C.Theyareseeingamovie.

D.Theyaredrinkingcoffee.

35.(21)

A.Hedranktoomuchcoffeelastnight.

B.Hehastheflu.

C.Heisnervousabouthisanthropologyproject.

D.Hemisseddinnerlastnight.

36.

【B5】

37.聽(tīng)力原文：W:Thisdoesn'tlookatallfamiliar.Wemustbelost,we'dbettergetsomedirections.

M:Let'spullinhere.WhileI'mfillingthetank,youaskaboutthedirectionsandgetmeasoftdrink.

Q:Wherewillthemanandthewomangoforassistance?

(16)

A.Gasstation.

B.Policestation.

C.Lostandfounddepartment.

D.Bar.

38.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Incontrollingyourdreamsthekeywordsare【S1】______,practice,effort,and【S2】______.

Inthebeginningyoumaybeableto【S3】______somecontrolinyourdreams,suchaschangingthesceneorsituation,orcontrollingyourownactions,butitwilllikelytakeyouawhiletogain【S4】______controlofyourdreams.Thisiscluetothefactthatitcanbedifficultto【S5】______howmuchforcetoputintotryingtochangesomething.Sometimesthechangeswill【S6】______easily;othertimesyoumaygetfrustratedifwhatyouwanttohappendoesn't.Itis【S7】______thatyoudon'tallowyourselftobecometoo【S8】______orfrustratedwithyourattemptsatdreamcontrolbecauseifyoudoyou'lllikelywakeyourselfup.

Inordertobesuccessfulatchangingyourdreamsyouhavetobelieveitispossible,Ifyou'retryingtodosomethinginyourdreamthatyoudon'treallybelieveispossible,thenchancesareyouwillfall.【S9】_____________________________.Sincetoomuchforcewillsimplycauseyoutoawaken,beginbycalmlytryingtochangeaspectsofyourdream—justthinkaboutwhatyouwanttochange,andtrytopictureithappening.Forinstance,youcouldimagineaboltofelectricityflyingoutofyourhand,orevensomethingmuchsimplerlikeagiantsundaematerializingbeforeyou.【S10】_________________________.Ifyourattemptsdon'twork,trychangingsomethingelse.Ifstillyoureffortsatdreamcontrolarefutile,【S11】______________________________.

【B1】

39.

【B11】

40.(13)

A.Theclinic.

B.Thebank.

C.Thepolicestation.

D.Thepostoffice.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

Totheauthor'sgranddaughtertheword"ripping"______.

A.hasaclearermeaningthanitdoesfortheauthor

B.isunacceptablebecauseitisslang

C.seemsstrangeandold-fashioned

D.meansmuchthesameassmashing

42.

Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat______.

A.thegovernmenthasmadesomecriticalpolicychanges

B.thegovernmenthasencounteredbudgetprobleminhealth-carereform

C.thegovernmentrequirestheschoolstomeetnutritionalstandards

D.allAmericanshaverealizedtheimportanceoflosingweight

43.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Todaytheworld'seconomyisgoingthroughtwogreatchanges,bothbiggerthananAsianfinancialcrisishereoraEuropeanmonetaryunionthere.

Thefirstchangeisthatalotofindustrial【C1】______ismovingfromtheUnitedStates,WesternEuropeandJapantodevelopingcountriesinLatinAmerica,South-EastAsiaandEasternEurope.In1950,theUnitedStatesalone【C2】______formorethanhalfoftheworld'seconomyoutput.In1990,its【C3】______wasdowntoaquarter.By1990,40%ofIBM'semployeeswerenon-Americans;Whirlpool,America'sleading【C4】______ofdomesticappliances,cutitsAmericanlaborforceby10%.Quitesoonnow,manybigwesterncompanieswillhavemore【C5】______(andcustomers)inpoorcountriesthaninrichones.

Thesecondgreatchangeisthat,intherichcountriesoftheOECD,thebalanceofeconomicactivityis【C6】______frommanufacturingtoservicing.IntheUnitedStatesandBritain,the【C7】______ofworkersinmanufacturinghasshrunksince1900fromaround40%tobarelyhalfthat.EveninGermanyandJapan,whichrebuiltsomany【C8】______after1945,manufacturing'sshareofjobsisnowbelow30%.Theeffectofthe【C9】______isincreasedwithmanufacturingmovesfromrichcountriestothedevelopingones,whosecheaplaborgivesthemasharpadvantageinmanyofthe【C10】______tasksrequiredbymassproduction.

A—outputB—shiftC—proportion

D—accountedE—factoriesF—employees

G—consumerH—occupiedI—various

J—swingingK—productionL—enormous

M—weaponsN—varyingO—supplier

【C1】

44.

WhatistherequirementforthegovernmenttocatchupwiththelatestscientificresearchbyU.S.law?

45.

WhatisthepurposeofgivingtheexampleofJanuarypollbyPrincetonSurveyResearchAssociates?

A.Patientscommonlypaycashfortheirmedicalservice.

B.Patientsarereluctanttotelltheirembarrassingillnesstodoctors.

C.ThePrincetonSurveyResearchAssociatesenjoysthebestreputationinconductingpolls.

D.Thepatients'disguisingoftheirmedicalinformationwidelyexists.

46.

Publicityislimited,whenacompanyfailstocontroltheactivitiesofacertain______.

47.

WMGwouldliketochangeitsnamebecause______.

A.BritainisgoingtocatchupwithallotherEuropeancountriesinthefieldofelectronicengineeringmanagement

B.businesshasbeeninfluencedsomuchbye-commerce

C.thee-commercehasofferedAsiancountriesthechancetoovertakeBritainandtherestofEurope

D.e-businessisverypopularandwillbecomeuniversal

48.

Whatiswrongwiththeargumentfornotpreservingrarespeciesisthatitneglects______.

49.Theincreaseinglobaltrademeansthatinternationalcompaniescannotaffordtomakecostlyadvertisingmistakesiftheywanttobecompetitive.Understandingthelanguageandcultureoftargetmarketsinforeigncountriesisoneofthekeystosuccessfulinternationalmarketing.Toomanycompanies,however,havejumpedintoforeignmarketswithembarrassingresults.Translationmistakesareattheheartofmanyblundersininternationaladvertising.

GeneralMotors,theUSautomanufacturer,gotacostlylessonwhenitintroduceditsChevroletNovatothePuertoRicanmarket."Nova"isLatinfor"new(star)"andmeans"star"inmanylanguages,butinspokenSpanishitcansoundlike"nova",meaning"itdoesn'tgo".Fewpeoplewantedtobuyacarwiththatcursedmeaning.WhenGMchangedthenametoCaribe,salespickedupdramatically.

Marketingblundershavealsobeenmadebyfoodandbeveragecompanies.OneAmericanfoodcompany'sfriendly"JollyGreenGiant"(foradvertisingvegetables)becamesomethingquitedifferentwhenitwastranslatedintoArabicas"IntimidatingGreenOgre".

WhentranslatedintoGerman,Pepsi'spopularslogan,"ComeAlivewithPepsi"cameoutimplying"ComeAlivefromtheGrave".NowondercustomersinGermanydidn'trushouttobuyPepsi.

EvenacompanywithanexcellentinternationaltrackrecordlikeKentuckyFriedChickenisnotimmunetotheperilsoffaultytranslation.Manysaleswerelostwhenthecatchphrase"fingerlickingfood"became"eatwithyourfingersoff"inChinesetranslation.

AmanufacturerofonelaundrydetergentalsomadeanexpensivemistakeintheMiddleEast.Itsadvertisementsshowedapictureofapileofdirtyclothesontheleft,aboxofthecompany'sdetergentinthemiddle,andcleanclothesontheright.Unfortunately,themessagewasincorrectlyinterpretedbecausemostpeoplelookedatitfromrighttoleft,thewayArabicisread.

Havingawakenedtothespecialnatureofforeignadvertising,companiesarebecomingmuchmoreconscientiousintheirtranslationandmoresensitivetoculturaldistinctions.Thebestwaytopreventerrorsistohireprofessionaltranslatorswhounderstandthetargetlanguageanditsidiomaticusage,ortouseatechniquecalled"backranslation"toreducethepossibilityofblunders.Theprocessusesonepersontotranslateamessageintothetargetlanguageandanothertotranslateitback.Effectivetranslatorsaimtocapturetheoverallmessageofanadvertisementbecauseaword-for-wordduplicationoftheoriginalrarelyconveystheintendedmeaningandoftencausesmisunderstandings.

Thephrase"thecatchphrase"(Line2,Para.5)hastheclosestmeaningto______.

A.thepromotionslogan

B.themarketingstrategy

C.thesecretrecipe

D.thepleasanttaste

50.

Inthemass-productionphilosophy,workersareusuallytrainedto______.

51.

Whenhewokeupinthemorning,hewould______.

A.rollupthecurtains

B.helpMrs.LeftandMrs.Right

C.trytoworkouthisplansfortheday

D.makeMrs.LeftarguewithMrs.Right

52.

WhatdoesthefirstparagraphtellusaboutWesthusin'sdogcloningproject?

A.Itssuccessisalreadyinsight.

B.Itisdoomedtoutterfailure.

C.Itisprogressingsmoothly.

D.Itsoutcomeremainsuncertain.

53.

Weknowfromthefirstparagraphthatpeopleinoldtimes______.

A.weremoreenthusiasticaboutthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology

B.hadastrongersenseofbeauty

C.over-dependentonlaborsavingdevices

D.paidmoreattentiontomaterialbenefits

54.

Theword“hawk”(Para.3)mostprobablymeans______.

A.sellB.transportC.placeD.deliver

55.Controversyeruptedinthescientificcommunityinearly1992overtheuseofDNA(deoxyribonucleicacid)fingerprintingincriminalinvestigations.DNAfingerprintingwasintroducedin1987asamethodtoidentifyindividualsbasedonapatternseenintheirDNA,themoleculeofwhichgenesaremade.DNAispresentineverycellofthebodyexceptredbloodcells.DNAfingerprintinghasbeenusedsuccessfullyinvariousways,suchastodeterminepaternitywhereitisnotclearwhothefatherofaparticularchildis.However,itisintheareaofcriminalinvestigationsthatDNAfingerprintinghaspotentiallypowerfulandcontroversialuses.

DNAfingerprintingandotherDNAanalysistechniqueshaverevolutionizedcriminalinvestigationsbygivinginvestigatorspowerfulnewtoolsintheattempttoproveguilt,notjustestablishinnocence.Whenusedincriminalinvestigations,aDNAfingerprintpatternfromasuspectiscomparedwithaDNAfingerprintpatternobtainedfromsuchmaterialashairsorbloodfoundatthesceneofacrime.AmatchbetweenthetwoDNAsamplescanbeusedasevidencetoconvictasuspect.

Thecontroversyin1992stemmedfromareportpublishedinDecember1991bypopulationgeneticistsRichardC.LewontinofHarvardUniversityinCambridge,Mass.,andDanielL.HartlofWashingtonUniversitySchoolofMedicineinSt.Louis,Mo.LewontinandHartlcalledintoquestionthemethodsusedtocalculatehowlikelyitisthatamatchbetweentwoDNA.fingerprintsmightoccurbychancealone.Inparticular,theyarguedthatthecurrentmethodcannotproperlydeterminethelikelihoodthattwoDNAsampleswillmatchbecausetheycamefromthesameindividualratherthansimplyfromtwodifferentindividualswhoaremembersofthesameethnicgroup.LewontinandHartlcalledforbettersurveysofDNApatternswithinethnicgroupsinorderto