四級(jí)分項(xiàng)指導(dǎo) - 副本課件

四級(jí)分項(xiàng)指導(dǎo)作文評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣卷分析寫(xiě)作步驟常用句型評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

1．正確表達(dá)思想；

2．意義連貫；

3．無(wú)重大語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。為評(píng)分的方便，國(guó)家考題組又將評(píng)分原則歸納為八個(gè)字，即“總體評(píng)分”和“綜合評(píng)判”，并作了相應(yīng)的解釋。前者指的是“閱卷人員就總的印象給出獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)分，而不是按語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)的錯(cuò)誤數(shù)目扣分”。后者指的是“要考慮作文是否切題，是否充分表達(dá)思想，也要考慮是否用英語(yǔ)清楚而確切地表達(dá)思想，也就是要考慮語(yǔ)言上的錯(cuò)誤是否造成理解上的障礙，用詞和造句是否清楚確切地表達(dá)思想”。

樣卷分析2000.1Direction:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHowIFinanceMyCollegeEducation.Youshouldwriteatleast120words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below.1.上大學(xué)的費(fèi)用（tuitionandfees）可以通過(guò)多種途徑解決2.哪種途徑適合于我（說(shuō)明理由）該文章轉(zhuǎn)載自無(wú)憂(yōu)考網(wǎng)：樣卷分析14pointsNowadays,tuitionandfeesforcollegearemuchhigherthaneverbefore.Howtofinanceyourcollegeeducationhasbecomeamatterofconcernformany.Youcandealwithitinmanyways.Youcangetallofthemoneyfromyourparents.Youcanapplyforaloanespeciallysetupforcollegestudents.Youcanalsoacquirethemoneycompletelybyyourself,doingafull-timejobinsummerorwinterholiday.Inaddition,youcanaskyourparentsformostofitandearntherestinyoursparetimeincollege,bydoingapart-timejob.Inmyopinion,Ipreferthelastway.Havingacquiredmostofthetuitionandfeesfrommyparents,Ineedn’tworrytoomuchaboutthemoneyandcanconcentrateonmystudy;ontheotherhand,apart-timejobinmysparetimemakesmycampus-lifecolorful.Icanmakealotoffriends,improvemyabilitiesandlearnlotsofknowledge.So,Ichoosethiswaytocovermytuitionandfees.11pointsNowadays,ifwewanttogotocollege,we’llhavetopayabigsumofmoney.It’saproblemtomanystudents.Manywayscancontributetosolvethisseriousproblem.Butthefollowingonesmaybethemosteffective.First,youcanaskyourparentsforhelpiftheyhavenicecareers.Anotherwaytosolvethisproblemistoapplyforabankloan.Finally,wecanfindapart-timejobtogetenoughmoney.Astome,I’minfavorofthesecondidea.Myreasonsofchoicecanbelistedasfollows:firstofall,myparentsarenotrichenoughtoaffordme.Secondly,you’llnothaveenoughtimeandenergytostudyafterfinishingthepart-timejob.Finally,I’msurethatI’llgetanicejobaftergraduation,thenI’llbeabletopaybacktheloan.Throughaboveanalysis,Ibelievethatbankloanismybestchoice.

8pointsAfterIcameintothecollege,thereisaquestionhowIfinancemycollegeeducation.Therearemanywaytosolvethetuitionandfeesofcollegeeducation.Themostusualwayisusethefamily’smoney.Mostofthestudentsgetmoneyfromtheirparents.Ifsomeone’sfamilysituationisnotwellhecanapplyforloantobank.Thegovernmentwillhelpthestudentslikethis.Otherwayisfindajobthroughschool’shelp.Ofcoursewestillputstudyinthefirstplace.Inmyopinor,Ichoosethewayistocombinegettingmoneyfromparentsandworking.Ononehand,mostoftheeducationfeescanbegotfromparents.Onanotherhand,Ispendmysparetimedoingsomejobsasprivateteaching.Throughdoingpart-timejobIcannotonlyearnmoneybutalsoobtainsomesocialexperience.Socialexperienceisalsoveryimportanttome.ThisisthewayhowIfinancemycollegeeducation.Themostusualwayisusethefamily’smoney.Mostofthestudentsgetmoneyfromtheirparents.Ifsomeone’sfamilysituationisnotwellhecanapplyforloantobank.Thegovernmentwillhelpthestudentslikethis.Themostusualwayistousethefamily’smoney.Mostofthestudentsgetmoneyfromtheirparents.Ifone’sfamilyisnotwelloff,hecanapplytothebankforaloan.

Thegovernmentencouragesbankstoprovideloansfortheneedystudents.Otherwayisfindajobthroughschool’shelp.Ofcoursewestillputstudyinthefirstplace.Anotherwayistofindapart-timejobthroughthehelpofone’sschool.Ofcourseweshouldalwaysputstudyinthefirstplace.5pointsWeareinthecollege.Thetuitionandfeesisveryexpensive.Wecangetitinmanyways.Example,wecanthroughourparentsgetit,alsowecanearnmoneyoutofclassgetit.Andevenwecanthroughtheschoolgetitandsoon.Ifyourstudyhardandgetahighscore,theschoolwillbeprideofyouwithmoney.Youcanalsoborrowitfromschool.ButIwouldbebettertoearnmoneyoutofclass.Becauseitcanadaptmeachancewhichisdoingsomethingbymyself.Itletmeknowthatthemoneyisnoteasyearn.Ishouldmakegooduseofmoney.Imustalsostudyharderthanother,becauseIlostmytimeofstudying.Soitletmemakegooduseoftime.ThisisjusthowIfinancemycollegeeducation.2pointsHowIfinancemycollegeeducation?Followingwayismythinktothequestion.Therehavemanyofdifferentroadstofinanceone’scollegetuitionandfees.Thedifferentpeoplehasdifferentidea,exampleisyoucandosomeworkforyourtuitionandfees,ordoyourbestinyourstudying,thenyouwillgetmoney.But,inmainsisyourmotherandfather’smoney.Though,Idoesn’tleaveoffmymother.Ihasdonesomeworkoutofschool,somethingismyselftofind,Itcangetonlylittlemoney,butI’mveryhappyinmyheart.Itcan’tfinancemyUniversitytuition.Itcareducemymother’smoney.ItisminethatHowIfinancemycollegeeducation.寫(xiě)作步驟審題立意提綱草稿修改常用句型文章開(kāi)始Tobeginwith,tostartwithGenerallyspeakingWith(thedevelopment/progress/growth)of(economy/society)…常用句型文章結(jié)尾：InconclusionInbrief,inshort,inawordTosumup,insummaryItishightimethatOnlywhen…canwee.g.onlywhenwefullyrealizetheimportanceofitcanwemakefulluseofit.常用句型先后次序：Tobeginwith…,moreover…,finallyMeanwhileEventually,finallyLastbutnottheleast常用句型比較對(duì)比UnlikeIncontrastOntheotherhandLikewiseComparedwith,incomparisonwith,whencomparedwithAsopposedtocontraryto,onthecontrary常用句型表示解釋?zhuān)篿naddition,for,inthiscase,furthermore,inface表示強(qiáng)調(diào)：certainly,indeed,aboveall,surely,mostimportant表示讓步：although,nevertheless,ofcourse,afterall,clearly,still,yet表示舉例：forexample,forinstance,suchas,next遞進(jìn)或補(bǔ)充：inaddition,furthermore,also,moreover,yet快速閱讀快速瀏覽大小標(biāo)題根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞，準(zhǔn)確定位，確定答案考試形式一篇250詞左右的英語(yǔ)文章中去掉10個(gè)單詞，在文末給出15個(gè)包含有答案的詞語(yǔ)供考生選擇?？疾槟繕?biāo)閱讀能力根據(jù)上下文確切理解句子的能力語(yǔ)法和詞匯應(yīng)用能力遣詞造句能力動(dòng)詞名詞/代詞n./pron.及物動(dòng)詞vt.

名詞/代詞n./pron.（主+謂+賓）

Notlongago,manycardealers______womenshoppersbyignoringthemorsuggestingthattheycomebackwiththeirhusbands.名詞/代詞n./pron.不及物動(dòng)詞vi.（主+謂）名詞/代詞n./pron.不及物動(dòng)詞vi.

副詞/介詞(主+謂---固定搭配)名詞/代詞n./pron.系動(dòng)詞linkv./be動(dòng)詞形容詞adj.(主+系+表)不定式to+動(dòng)詞v.

Anotherwayto______nuclearwasteistosenditintospace,tothesun,whereitwouldbeburned.*確定空白處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞后，還要根據(jù)上下文確定動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。名詞冠詞、形容詞或及物動(dòng)詞名詞名詞（主語(yǔ)）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞介詞名詞（賓語(yǔ)）名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的確定可根據(jù)：上下文內(nèi)容、冠詞、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形容詞Be動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞形容詞形容詞名詞名詞形容詞副詞形容詞副詞副詞形容詞如果空格處所在的句子有完整的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)，這時(shí)應(yīng)該考慮此處是否需要一個(gè)副詞，用來(lái)修飾該動(dòng)詞。某些副詞用來(lái)引到一個(gè)句子，在句子中作狀語(yǔ)，表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、讓步等邏輯關(guān)系：however，therefore,although,etc.分詞進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)：has/have/had+p.p.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用作形容詞選詞其他原則根據(jù)文章主題確定詞義范圍根據(jù)句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系確定詞義范圍與色彩：并列，遞進(jìn)，順序，因果，轉(zhuǎn)折，讓步，條件實(shí)戰(zhàn)演習(xí)Abooklesslifeisanincompletelife.Booksinfluencethedepthandbreadthoflife.Theymeetthenatural47______forfreedom,forexpression,forcreativityandbeautyoflife.Learners,therefore,musthavebooks,andtherighttypeofbook,forthesatisfactionoftheirneed.Readersturn48______tobooksbecausetheircuriosityconcerningallmannersofthings,theireagernesstoshareintheexperiencesofothersandtheirneedto49______fromtheirownlimitedenvironmentleadthemtofindinbooksfoodforthethemindandspirit.Throughtheirreadingtheyfindadeepersignificancetolifeasbooksacquaintthemwithlifeintheworldasitwasanditisnow.Theyarepresentedwitha50______ofhumanexperiencesandcometo51______otherwaysofthoughtandliving.Andwhile52______theirownrelationshipsandresponsestoreadersoftenfindthatthe53______intheirstoriesaregoingthroughsimilaradjustments,whichhelptoclarifyandgivesignificancetotheirown.

Booksprovide54______materialforreaders'imaginationtogrow.Imaginationisavaluablequalityandamotivatingpower,andstimulatesachievement.Whileenrichingtheirimagination,books55______theiroutlook,developafact-findingattitudeandtrainthemtouseleisure56______.Thesocialandeducationalsignificanceofthereaders'bookscannotbeoverestimatedinanacademiclibrary.

注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。

A)abundantI)establishing

B)charactersJ)narrow

C)communicatingK)naturally

D)completelyL)personnel

E)deriveM)properly

F)desireN)respect

G)diversityO）widen

H)escape閱讀選項(xiàng)，詞性分類(lèi)A)abundantadj. I)establishingv+ing

B)charactersn+s J)narrowadj.

C)communicatingv+ingK)naturallyadv.

D)completelyadv.L)personneln. E)derivev. M)properlyadv.

F)desirev.n. N)respectv.

G)diversityn.O）widenv.

H)escapev.

閱讀選項(xiàng)，詞性分類(lèi)名詞：B)charactersn+s G)diversityn. L)personneln. F)desiren.動(dòng)詞：C)communicatingv+ingI)establishingv+ing E)derivev.F)desirev. N)respectv.

O）widenv.H)escapev.

形容詞：A)abundantadj. J)narrowadj.

副詞：K)naturallyadv.D)completelyadv.M)properlyadv.Theymeetthenatural47______forfreedom,forexpression,forcreativityandbeautyoflife.名詞：B)charactersn+s

F)desirev G)diversityn.

L)personneln.Learners,therefore,musthavebooks,andtherighttypeofbook,forthesatisfactionoftheirneed.Readersturn48______tobooksbecausetheircuriosityconcerningallmannersofthings,副詞： K)naturallyadv. D)completelyadv.

M)properlyadv.篇章閱讀理解考察目標(biāo)考題設(shè)置答題步驟真題分析篇章閱讀理解考察目標(biāo)：掌握所讀材料的主旨大意了解說(shuō)明主旨大意的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)既理解字面意思，也能根據(jù)所讀材料進(jìn)行一定的判斷和推論既理解個(gè)別句子的意思，也理解上下文的邏輯關(guān)系篇章閱讀理解考題設(shè)置幾乎所有題都與文章的“主題”有著密切關(guān)系。正確選項(xiàng)是對(duì)文章中的例證事實(shí)或者段落大意的歸納。關(guān)鍵詞同義替換正話(huà)反說(shuō)或反話(huà)正說(shuō)篇章閱讀理解答題步驟仔細(xì)讀題，定位關(guān)鍵詞看文章定位答案Ifyouareamaleandyouarereadingthis,congratulations:youareasurvivor.Accordingtostatistics.youaremorethantwiceaslikelytodieofskincancerthanawoman,andninetimesmorelikelytodieofAIDS.Assumingyoumakeittotheendofyournaturalterm,about78yearsformeninAustralia,youwilldieonaveragefiveyearsbeforeawoman.Therearemanyreasonsforthis-typically,mentakemorerisksthanwomanandaremorelikelytodrinkandsmokebutperhapsmoreimportantly,mendon’tgotothedoctor.“Menaren’tseeingdoctorsasoftenastheyshould,”saysDr.Gullotta,“Thisisparticularlysofortheover-40s,whendiseasestendtostrike.”Gullottasaysahealthymanshouldvisitthedoctoreveryyearortwo.Forthoseover45,itshouldbeatleastonceayear.TwomonthsagoGullottasawa50-year-oldmawhohaddelayeddoinganythingabouthissmoker’scoughforayear.“WhenIfinallysawhimithadalreadyspreadandhehassincediedfromlungcancer”hesays,“Earlierdetectionandtreatmentmaynothavecuredhim,butitwouldhaveprolongedthislife”Accordingtoarecentsurvey,95%ofwomenagedbetween15andearly40sseeadoctoronceayear,comparedto70%ofmeninthesameagegroup.“Alotofmenthinktheyareinvincible（不可戰(zhàn)勝的）”Gullottasays“Theyonlycomeinwhenafrienddropsdeadonthegolfcourseandtheythink”Geez,ifitcouldhappentohim.Thenthereistheostrichapproach,”somemenarescaredofwhatmightbethereandwouldrathernotknow,”saysDr.RossCartmill.“Mostmengettheircarsservicedmoreregularlythantheyservicetheirbodies,”Cartmillsays.Hebelievesmostdiseasesthatcommonlyaffectmencouldbeaddressedbypreventivecheck-upsRegularcheck-upsformenwouldinevitablyplacestrainonthepublicpurse,Cartmillsays.”Butpreventionischeaperinthelongrunthanhavingtotreatthediseases.Besides,theultimatecostisfargreater:itiscalledprematuredeath.”Ifyouareamaleandyouarereadingthis,congratulations:youareasurvivor.57.Whydoestheauthorcongratulatehismalereadersatthebeginningofthepassage?A.Theyaremorelikelytosurviveseriousdiseasestoday.B.Theiraveragelifespanhasbeenconsiderablyextended.C.Theyhavelivedlongenoughtoreadthisarticle.D.Theyaresuretoenjoyalongerandhappierlive.youwilldieonaveragefiveyearsbeforeawoman.

Therearemanyreasonsforthis-typically,mentakemorerisksthanwomanandaremorelikelytodrinkandsmokebutperhapsmoreimportantly,mendon’tgotothedoctor.58.Whatdoestheauthorstateisthemostimportantreasonmendiefiveyearsearlieronaveragethanwomen?A.mendrinkandsmokemuchmorethanwomenB.mendon’tseekmedicalcareasoftenaswomenC.menaren’tascautionsaswomeninfaceofdangerD.menaremorelikelytosufferfromfataldiseases“Alotofmenthinktheyareinvincible（不可戰(zhàn)勝的）”Gullottasays“Theyonlycomeinwhenafrienddropsdeadonthegolfcourseandtheythink,‘Geez,ifitcouldhappentohim,...’”59.Whichofthefollowingbestcompletesthesentence“Geez,ifitcouldhappentohim,…’(line2,para,8)?A.itcouldhappentome,tooB.IshouldavoidplayinggolfC.IshouldconsidermyselfluckyD.itwouldbeabigmisfortuneThenthereistheostrichapproach,“somemenarescaredofwhatmightbethereandwouldrathernotknow,”saysDr.RossCartmill.60.whatdoesDr.RossCartmillmeanby“theostrichapproach”(lineqpara.9)A.acasualattitudetowardsone’shealthconditionsB.anewtherapyforcertainpsychologicalproblemsC.refusaltogetmedicaltreatmentforfearofthepaininvolvedD.unwillingnesstofindoutaboutone’sdiseasebecauseoffearRegularcheck-upsformenwouldinevitablyplacestrainonthepublicpurse,Cartmillsays.“Butpreventionischeaperinthelongrunthanhavingtotreatthediseases.Besides,theultimatecostisfargreater:itiscalledprematuredeath.”

61.WhatdoesCartmillsayaboutregularcheck-upsformen?A.TheymayincreasepublicexpensesB.TheywillsavemoneyinthelongrunC.TheymaycausepsychologicalstrainsonmenD.Theywillenablementoliveaslongaswomen完形填空題型介紹命題趨勢(shì)解題步驟常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)真題示例完形填空題型介紹分值比例：10%考試時(shí)間：15mins對(duì)考生的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)和能力要求：閱讀理解能力整體語(yǔ)感和語(yǔ)篇分析能力句法結(jié)構(gòu)知識(shí)詞匯知識(shí)（詞匯量、構(gòu)詞知識(shí)、近義詞辨析、語(yǔ)義的內(nèi)涵和外延、聯(lián)想和搭配）句型搭配知識(shí)（動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞的慣用句型，動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞這間的搭配及其與介詞的搭配）完形填空命題趨勢(shì)：文章體裁和題材多樣化詞義辨析題居多，語(yǔ)法題淡化注重文章整體理解完形填空解題步驟：通讀全文，掌握大意結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，選擇最佳前后聯(lián)系，注意語(yǔ)法詞匯考核，注意搭配通讀全文，核實(shí)答案完形填空常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)：詞匯辨析題詞匯搭配題語(yǔ)法知識(shí)題邏輯關(guān)系題完形填空真題示例詞匯辨析題Asyousleepyoupassthroughasequenceofsleepstates---lightsleep,deepsleepandREM(rapideyemovement)sleep---that_71_approximatelyevery90minutes.Thepointinthatcycleatwhichyouwakecan_72_howyoufeellater,andmay_73_haveagreaterimpactthanhowmuchorlittleyouhaveslept.Beingrousedduringalightphase_74_youaremorelikelytowakeupenergetic.71.A.reveals B.reverses C.resumes D.repeats72.A.effect B.affect C.reflect D.perfect73.A.already B.ever C.never D.even74.A.means B.marks C.says D.dictates完形填空詞匯搭配題:ButareviewofthepastyearindisasterhistorysuggeststhatmodernAmericansareparticularlybadat____themselvesfromguaranteedthreats.A.preparingB.protestingC.protectingD.prevailingThelistenermusthearthesoundsto______outwhatthespeakermeans.A.putB.takeC.drawD.figure完形填空邏輯關(guān)系題Languageisameansofcommunication,_68_itismuchmorethanthat.68.A.so B.but C.or D.forButhumanlanguagepermitscommunicationaboutanything,_71_thingslikeunicorn(獨(dú)角獸)thathaveneverexisted.71.A.only B.almost C.even D.just翻譯題型介紹命題趨勢(shì)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)真題示例考點(diǎn)分析模擬練習(xí)翻譯------題型介紹漢譯英，共5句。一句一題，句長(zhǎng)15-30詞。時(shí)間為5分鐘，占總分值5%。翻譯------命題趨勢(shì)原文長(zhǎng)度難度穩(wěn)定語(yǔ)法詞匯為考試重點(diǎn)原文語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)練樸實(shí)翻譯------評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)整體內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言均正確，得1分結(jié)構(gòu)正確，但整體意思不確切、信息不全或用詞不當(dāng)，得0.5分整體意思正確，但語(yǔ)言有錯(cuò)誤，得0.5分整體意思完全錯(cuò)誤，即使結(jié)構(gòu)正確也不得分大小寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤及標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)忽略不計(jì),明顯屬于筆誤但不影響辨認(rèn)的拼寫(xiě)不扣分Charitygroupsorganizedvariousactivitiesto_____________(為地震幸存者籌款).1分raisemoneyfortheearthquakesurvivorsraisemoneyforthose/thepeoplewhosurvivedtheearthquakecollectdonationsforthesurvivorsfrom/oftheearthquakeraisefundsforthesurvivorsintheearthquakeCharitygroupsorganizedvariousactivitiesto_____________(為地震幸存者籌款).0.5raisemoneytothesurvivorsintheearthquake語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤gathermoneyforpeoplewhosurvivedtheearthquake意思不確切donateforsurvivorsintheearthquake意思不確切Charitygroupsorganizedvariousactivitiesto_____________(為地震幸存者籌款).0分savemoneyforthesurvivalattheearthquake信息錯(cuò)誤makemoneyforthesurvivorsaftertheearthquake信息錯(cuò)誤It’smymother_____(一直在鼓勵(lì)我不要灰心)whenIhavedifficultiesin

mystudies.1分whoalwaysencouragesmenottoloseheartwhohasbeenencouragingmenottolosehope/confidencewhohasbeenencouragingmenottobediscouragedthathasalwaysbeenencouragingmenottogiveupthatalwaysencouragesmenottobefrustrated/upset/disappointed/depressedIt’smymother_____(一直在鼓勵(lì)我不要灰心)whenIhavedifficultiesin

mystudies.0.5whohasbeenencouragingmenottolosemyheart意思不確切whokeepsencouragingmenottolosemyfaith

意思不確切It’smymother_____(一直在鼓勵(lì)我不要灰心)whenIhavedifficultiesin

mystudies.0分thatencouragemetoinsistforever信息錯(cuò)誤alwayssupposemenottogiveup信息錯(cuò)誤whoarealwaysinspireme信息錯(cuò)誤翻譯------真題示例2006年12月87.Specialistsininterculturalstudiessaythatitisnoteasyto______(適應(yīng)不同文化中的生活）.答案：adjust/adapttolifeinadifferentculture1分：adapttothelifeinthedifferentcultureadaptoneselftolifeindifferentkindsofculturebeadaptedtothelifeindifferentculturesgetused/beaccustomedtolifeinadifferentcultureadjusttolivesin/ofdifferentculture0.5分：adaptthemselvestoadifferentculturelife(語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤)adapttoliveindifferentcultures(語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤)adjusttothelivinginadifferentculture(語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤)survive/live/exit/stayalive/fitin/getalonginadifferentculture(語(yǔ)言不確切)0分：suit/fit/suitablethelifeinadifferentculturefixtolifebetweendifferencecountriesadopttolifewithdifferentcultureliveindifferentcustomers翻譯------考點(diǎn)分析倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)虛擬語(yǔ)氣從句非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞重點(diǎn)詞匯固定搭配翻譯------考點(diǎn)分析倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)“Only+狀語(yǔ)”置于句首的倒裝常用于這一結(jié)構(gòu)中的短語(yǔ)有：Onlyinthisway,onlythen,onlybychance,onlyrecently,onlyonrareoccasionOnlythendidheunderstandit.Onlybyshoutingwasheabletomakehimselfheard.Onlyinthiswaycanwelearnaforeignlanguage.Only+狀語(yǔ)從句，主句中的主謂必須倒裝，而不是從句中的主謂倒裝：Onlywhenaman’slifecomestoitsendinprosperitydarewepronouncehimhappy.OnlyifIgetajobwillIhaveenoughmoneytogotoschool.若only修飾的是句子主語(yǔ)，不用倒裝。Onlysheknewhowtodealwiththisproblem.翻譯------考點(diǎn)分析倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)Never等具有否定意義的詞或詞組居于句首時(shí)用倒裝：NeverwillIdothatagain.Notoncedidhetalktome.Notonlyisitlegal,it’sverypopular.Nolongerishelivinghere.Hardlydoeshereadanythingatall.Scarcelycanyouexpecthimtobelievethat.LittledidIthinkhewouldtakemeseriously.BynomeansamIsatisfiedwithmypresentincome.Onnoaccountshouldtheprisonerbeleftunguarded.Invaindidwetrytopersuadeher.Hedidn’tsmoke,nordidhedrink.Ihaven’tbeentotheexhibition;neitherdoIintendtogo.NotuntilIshoutedatthetopofmyvoicedidheturnhishead.翻譯------考點(diǎn)分析倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)Themore…,themore…結(jié)構(gòu)中的倒裝Themorehehas,themorehewants.Theharderyoustudy,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.Themoreyouexplain,themoreconfusedIam.翻譯------考點(diǎn)分析倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)用倒裝語(yǔ)序表示讓步：Coldasitwas,hewentoutwithoutanovercoat.Strangethoughitmayseem,hearrivedearly.Childthathewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.Tryashewould,hecouldnotlifttherock.翻譯------模擬練習(xí)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)______(她剛睡著)whenaknockatthedoorawakenedher.______(安妮剛到達(dá))thanshefellill.Thehusbandwasnothospitabletothevisitor,______(他妻子也沒(méi)說(shuō)一句歡迎的話(huà)).Onlythen______(那個(gè)醫(yī)生才意識(shí)到他的病人需要手術(shù)).Onlywhenyouadjustdownyourprice______(我們才能做成這筆買(mǎi)賣(mài)).參考譯文ScarcelyhadshefallenasleepNosoonerhadAnnearrivednordidthewifesayawordofwelcomedidthedoctorrealizethathispatientneededsurgerycanweconcludethebusiness翻譯------考點(diǎn)分析強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who…強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的系動(dòng)詞除is和was之外，沒(méi)有其他形式變化被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分如果是人，可以用who,也可以用that,其他情況用that在not…

until句型里，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)由until所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，not須跟在until之前。構(gòu)成itisnotuntil…that結(jié)構(gòu)：______(直到截止日他才寄出)hisapplicationform.Itwasnotuntilthedeadlinethehesentout翻譯------模擬練習(xí)強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)：______(正是杰斐遜寫(xiě)下了)theDeclarationofIndependence.______(作者是帶著真摯的感情)praisesallthatisprogressive.______(正是因?yàn)樗疂q了)wecouldnotcrosstheriver.______(人們聽(tīng)見(jiàn)正是吉姆這個(gè)無(wú)情的家伙)shoutingathismotherinthedeadofnight.______(直到我告訴她)Mrs..Williamsknewanythingaboutit.參考答案：ItwasJeffersonwhowroteItiswithgenuinefeelingthattheauthorItwasbecausethewaterhadrisenthatItwasJim,theheartlessfellow,whowasheardItwasnotuntilItoldherthat翻譯------模擬練習(xí)虛擬語(yǔ)氣：Iusedmycalculator;______(否則，我會(huì)話(huà)更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間才能算出這道題).WereIinyourplace,______(我會(huì)毫不猶豫地抓住機(jī)會(huì)).Haditnotbeenfortheiropposition,______(這項(xiàng)法案早就通過(guò)了).Shouldtherebeanotherworldwar,______(人類(lèi)的繼續(xù)存在就會(huì)有危險(xiǎn)).Iwish______(我年輕的時(shí)候有你們這樣的機(jī)會(huì)).參考譯文：otherwise,itwouldhavetakenmemoretimetoworkoutthisquestioniwouldseizetheopportunitywithouthesitationthisactwouldhavebeenpassedmuchearlierthecontinuedexistenceofthehumanracewouldbeindangerIhadhadyouropportunitieswheniwasyoung翻譯------模擬練習(xí)虛擬語(yǔ)氣：Ifonly______(他知道這病是可以治好的),thenhewouldnothavekilledhimself.Weinsistthat______(讓湯姆立刻進(jìn)醫(yī)院).Itwasadvisedthat______(在居民區(qū)設(shè)立更多的流動(dòng)商店).Hisproposalwasthat______(他們成立一個(gè)專(zhuān)門(mén)委員會(huì)來(lái)檢查這個(gè)問(wèn)題).Wearegoingtodiscusshissuggestionthat______(取消期中考試).參考譯文：hehadknownthisdiseaseiscurabletom(should)besenttohospitalrightnowmoremobileshops(should)besetupintheresidentialareathey(should)setupaspecialboard/committeetoexaminethisproblem.themid-termexams(should)becanceled翻譯------考點(diǎn)分析從句翻譯名詞性從句ManyAmericansliveoncredit,andtheirqualityoflife______(是用他們能夠接到多少來(lái)衡量的).定語(yǔ)從句ThepreventionandtreatmentofAIDSis______(我們可以合作的領(lǐng)域).狀語(yǔ)從句Iamgoingtopursuethiscourse,______(無(wú)論我做出什么樣的犧牲).Somepsychologistsclaimthatpeople______(出門(mén)在外時(shí)可能會(huì)感到孤獨(dú)).Humanbehaviorismostlyaproductoflearning,______(而動(dòng)物的行為主要依靠本能).翻譯------考點(diǎn)分析從句翻譯名詞性從句ManyAmericansliveoncredit,andtheirqualityoflife______(是用他們能夠接到多少來(lái)衡量的).ismeasuredbyhowmuchtheycanloan定語(yǔ)從句ThepreventionandtreatmentofAIDSis______(我們可以合作的領(lǐng)域).onefieldwecanmakejointeffortson/onefieldwecancooperatein狀語(yǔ)從句Iamgoingtopursuethiscourse,______(無(wú)論我做出什么樣的犧牲).whateverImayhavetosacrifice/nomatterwhatsacrificeIhavetomake(讓步狀語(yǔ)從句）Somepsychologistsclaimthatpeople______(出門(mén)在外時(shí)可能會(huì)感到孤獨(dú)).mayfeellonelywhentheyareawayfromhome(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）Humanbehaviorismostlyaproductoflearning,______(而動(dòng)物的行為主要依靠本能).whileanimalbehaviormainlydependsontheirinstinct(比較狀語(yǔ)從句）翻譯------模擬練習(xí)從句翻譯：Thisnovelisjust______(我一直在尋找).Itisnotyetknow______(機(jī)器人是否有一天能擁有像人一樣的視力).______(她是否喜歡那個(gè)禮物)isnotcleartome.Someoftheroadswereflooded,______(這使我們的旅程更為艱難).Heintroducedmetohisstudents,______(他們大部分是英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)的學(xué)生).翻譯------模擬練習(xí)從句翻譯：Thisnovelisjust______(我一直在尋找).Itisnotyetknow______(機(jī)器人是否有一天能擁有像人一樣的視力).______(她是否喜歡那個(gè)禮物)isnotcleartome.Someoftheroadswereflooded,______(這使我們的旅程更為艱難).Heintroducedmetohisstudents,______(他們大部分是英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)的學(xué)生).參考譯文：whatihavebeenlookingforwhether/ifrobotswillonedayhavevisionasgoodashuman'sWhethershelikesthepresentwhichmadeourjourneymoredifficultmostofwhomwereEnglishmajors翻譯------模擬練習(xí)從句翻譯：______(眾所周知),waterisaliquid.Weclimbedhigh______(這樣我們就可以看到更好的風(fēng)景).Theproblemwassocomplicated______(花了我們兩周才解決).Youcangoout______(只要你答應(yīng)晚上11點(diǎn)以前回來(lái)).Irememberthewholething______(仿佛是昨天發(fā)生的).翻譯------模擬練習(xí)從句翻譯：______(眾所周知),waterisaliquid.Weclimbedhigh______(這樣我們就可以看到更好的風(fēng)景).Theproblemwassocomplicated______(花了我們兩周才解決).Youcangoout______(只要你答應(yīng)晚上11點(diǎn)以前回來(lái)).Irememberthewholething______(仿佛是昨天發(fā)生的).參考譯文：Asisknowntoallsothatwemightgetabetterviewthatittookusnearlytwoweekstosolveitaslongasyoupromisetobebackbefore11p.m.asifithappenedyesterday翻譯------考點(diǎn)分析非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞---不定式：要求后接不定式的動(dòng)詞：Afford,aim,agree,attempt,consent,decide,decline,demand,desire,determine,expect,fail,happen,hesitate,hasten,hope,hurry,intend,long,love,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seek,strive,struggle,tend,undertake,want,wish例：Becauseoftheleginjury,theathlete______(決定退出比賽)。decidedtoquitthematch翻譯------考點(diǎn)分析非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞---不定式：主語(yǔ)是：allonehastodo,allonecando,allonedoes,thefirstthingonecando,whatonedoes時(shí)，不定式在句中作表語(yǔ)，可以省去to例如：ThefirstthingtheydidinBeijingwas______(給你買(mǎi)禮物).buyapresentforyou翻譯------考點(diǎn)分析非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞---不定式：表示否定含義的副詞，必須置于不定式之前：Hewassoconcertedas______(不相信專(zhuān)家們的智慧).nottobelieveinthewisdomofthespecialists動(dòng)名詞和分詞的否定結(jié)構(gòu)同上Whatdoyouthinkofnotgivingadiscount?翻譯------考點(diǎn)分析非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞---不定式：onlytodo作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，引出意想不到的或不愉快的結(jié)果Wehurriedtotherailwaystation,______(結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)火車(chē)剛剛離站).onlytofindthetrainhadjustleftAlltoooften,womencomplainthatthey’reeducatedasequals,______(結(jié)果在職業(yè)場(chǎng)上卻被認(rèn)為低人一等).onlytogooutintotheworkforcetobetreatedasinferiors.翻譯------考點(diǎn)分析非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞---不定式完成式：發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前的動(dòng)作WearehappytohavevisitedsomanyhistoricplacesinBeijing.Humansarebelievedtohaveevolvedfromtheprimatespecies.表示“非真實(shí)”的過(guò)去,用在表示打算、需要、計(jì)劃等動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)后面，表示本來(lái)打算做但實(shí)際上沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作：mean,intend,think,plan,hope,wish,proposeWehopeinacoupleofdaystohavegottheplayandsenttoyou.表示將來(lái)Shehopestohavefinishedtheworkbythetimehecomesback.翻譯------考點(diǎn)分析非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞---v+ingadmit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,deny,enjoy,finish,imagine,mind,miss,postpone,practise,quit,recall,regret,report,resent,resist,r