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齒突骨折與遲發(fā)性寰樞椎脫位第1頁,共34頁,2023年,2月20日,星期二PrefaceDensaxis

AtlantoaxialstabilityMostimportantaxialbonestructureOdontoidfracture

AtlantoaxialinstabilitySecondarySCI第2頁,共34頁,2023年,2月20日,星期二Odontoidfracture7~10%ofcervicalspinefracturecause

SCIinstantlyRespiratorydysfunctionEvendeathSpecialstructuresandfunctionHighununionrateafterfracture第3頁,共34頁,2023年,2月20日,星期二OdontoidfractureLackofeffectivetreatmentNottreatedUnstablefactorsexistAtlaslosttherestrictionofDensaxisandligamentsDelayedatlantoaxialdislocation第4頁,共34頁,2023年,2月20日,星期二ClinicalinformationMale41casesFemale15casesAgerange15~58yrsAverage37.5yrs11~20yrs5cases21~31yrs16cases31~40yrs23cases41~50yrs7cases50~58yrs5cases第5頁,共34頁,2023年,2月20日,星期二InjurycausesAccidentalfalls15casesbuildingworkaccident12casesdropfrombed3casesMotorvehicleaccident11casesSports-relatedinjury13caseswaterdive7casesTumbleonground7casesWeighthurt10cases第6頁,共34頁,2023年,2月20日,星期二CourseofdiseasesTimefrominjurytotreatment

shortest4weekslongest26months1~3M23cases4~6M15cases7~9M11cases10~12M4cases>1yrs3cases第7頁,共34頁,2023年,2月20日,星期二Treatmentcoursenottreatedafterinjury12casesnodiagnosiswhenadmitted7casesskulltraction2~3Wstabilizedbycollars16casesonlycollarsstabilization21cases第8頁,共34頁,2023年,2月20日,星期二LocalfeaturesUncomfortableandpainofneckandnape37casesMiddleorbilateralareaoftheoccipitocervicalPossiblefeelingofhyperesthesiaorpainatfieldsdominatedbygreatoccipitalorgreatauricularnerveSkullandneckmotorlimitation21casesTiltstiffnessofheadandneck14cases第9頁,共34頁,2023年,2月20日,星期二MotorfunctionNormalgait,nomotorlimitationworkproperly16casesWeaknessoflegs,clumsyaction,butcanwalkweaknessofhandsgraspingfunctionnotaffected21casesunstablegaitneedsupport,weaknessofupperlimbs,capableofgrasping,13casesincapableofstandingandwalkingstayinbed6cases第10頁,共34頁,2023年,2月20日,星期二Neurologicexaminationnormaloralmostnormal

9casesSymmetrictendonreflexesNopathologicalreflexNoparesthesiaorhyperesthesiaappearancesofuppercervicalnerveinjurypain,anaesthesiaofGANandGON15casestendonhyperreflex,musclehypertensionmuscleforcedecrease2~3grades32casesHoffman抯signpositive19casesBabinski抯signpositive8casesBoth6cases第11頁,共34頁,2023年,2月20日,星期二RadiologicalexaminationRoutineX-rayprogramhead-neckAPlateraldynamiclateralfilmsopenmouthviewAllcaseshowedodontoidfractureAccordingtoAnderson-D扐lonzoclassificatonTypeⅡ47casesTypeⅢ9cases第12頁,共34頁,2023年,2月20日,星期二Dislocationstatusnodisplacement8casesForewarddisplacement≤4mm14cases5~7mm20cases8~10mm8cases11~12mm3casesDorsaldisplacement3casesDynamicreducibledislocation14casesflexion—dislocationextension—reduction第13頁,共34頁,2023年,2月20日,星期二MRIexamination41casesNosignificantabnormal8casesSpinalcordcompression33casesSCsignalsincreasing5cases第14頁,共34頁,2023年,2月20日,星期二Treatment

AllreceivedoperationBeforeoperation—Skulltractionroutinely1WlaterXrays—observereductiontrendpossiblereduction—keeptractionuntilrestoredimpossiblereduction—giveuptractionReducibledislocationneednocontinuoustraction

receiveoperationdirectly第15頁,共34頁,2023年,2月20日,星期二Ⅰ—Atlanoaxialposteriorstructure

bonegraftandwirefixationModifiedGalliemethod17casesModifiedBrooksmethod14casesAutogenousiliacbone—cliptobe揟?shapeTheconvexofbonegraftisinsertedintothegapbetweentheposteriorarchofatlasandthebaseofC2laminaandspinousDistance=8~10mm

Inter-arches&Over-surfacebonegraft+Wirefixation第16頁,共34頁,2023年,2月20日,星期二Ⅱ—Atlasposteriorarchresection

+Occipital-cervicalfusionResecteachsideofthedislocatedatlasposteriorarch10mmbesidetheposteriortubercleAutogenousiliacgraftsbetweentheoccipitalandthebaseofC2spinousprocesses

Total25cases第17頁,共34頁,2023年,2月20日,星期二ResultsNodeathcaseAllbefollowed-upAveragefollow-uptime3yrsand6MShortest11MLongest10yrsand8M第18頁,共34頁,2023年,2月20日,星期二Assessmentarcordingto

spinalcordfunctionandimageExcellent:noabnormalfeelingNormalornearnormaloflimbsBonegraftunionNosignificantdifficultyofheadandneckmotionGood:feelgoodUncomfortableonheadorneckoccasionallySometimesweaknessofextremities,normalgaitNeurologicexaminationhypersensitiveoftendonreflexpathologicreflexmayexist第19頁,共34頁,2023年,2月20日,星期二Better:symptomsandsignsimprovedLimbsmotordeficit,unstablegaitno-change:nochangeofsymptomsandsignsorfeelingsBonegraftsun-union第20頁,共34頁,2023年,2月20日,星期二ResultsoftreatmentAtlantoaxialfusionExcellent14casesGood11casesBetter4casesNochange2cases**1casebonegraftununionanddisplacedOccipitocervicalfusionExcellent12casesGood8casesBetter3casesNochange2cases**bonegraftununionanddisplaced第21頁,共34頁,2023年,2月20日,星期二DiscussionⅠ:FeaturesofOdontoidfracture

anddelayedatlantoaxialdislocationOdontoidfractureAtlas-axislossrestrictionofbonestructureResultsininstabilitybetweenatlasandaxisEspeciallyAnderson-D扐lozontypeⅡortypeⅢfractureManycasesdiedinstantlyforseverecervicalspinalcordinjuryandrespiratoryfailure第22頁,共34頁,2023年,2月20日,星期二Maincausesofearlymis-diagnosisSurvivalsofodontoidfractureonlycomplicatedwithmilddislocationornodislocationofatlasclinicalsymptomsaremildnotenoughtotakepatient抯attentiontheillegibleradiographyshowoverlappingofbonestructurebetweenatlasandaxis第23頁,共34頁,2023年,2月20日,星期二PathologicalchangesIntensiverelatedfactorsTraumaticforceformTraumaticforcestrengthAnatomicstructure第24頁,共34頁,2023年,2月20日,星期二AnatomyaboutodontoidTheapicalligamentandthealarligamentextendfromthetipandthetwosidesofthedensbodyweavingwithanterioratlanto-occipitalmembraneTheposteriorpartofalarligamentattachestotheanteriorrimofoccipitalforamenmagnumandtheoccipitalcondylesOdontoidjointedwiththeposteriorsideofatlasanteriorarch,keepingstablewiththestrongtransverseligamentandalarligamentwhichrestrictthemotorrangeofodontoid第25頁,共34頁,2023年,2月20日,星期二AnatomyaboutodontoidSagittaldiameterofC1canal=30mmDiameterofcord=10mmDiameterofdens=10mmSafespaceforcord=10mmConsiderablebufferingspaceisavailable第26頁,共34頁,2023年,2月20日,星期二MechanismofodontoidfractureSkullflexioninjuryisoneofthemajorcausesTraumaticforcesheadbendedsuddenlyOdontoidAnteriorarchofC1TransverseligamentImpactingforwardtogetherTransverseshearforceVerticalcompressforceSeparatetheconnectionbetweenodontoidandC2bodyOdontoidfractureOutsideshearforceOutsidetearforce第27頁,共34頁,2023年,2月20日,星期二MechanismofdelayedatlasdislocationUnstablestatuscausedbyodontoidfractureSkullhastrendsofincliningforwardandmovingcontinuouslyAtlasmoveforwardprogressivelywithdensaxisDelayedatlasdislocationDirectoperativedecompressionMovingforwardequablyorMovingforwardrotatelyPotentialrisksofSCIContributedfactorsodontoidligamentsaroundarticularcapsule第28頁,共34頁,2023年,2月20日,星期二DiscussionⅡ

ClinicalfeaturesofodontoidfractureLocalsymptomsneckandnapepainearly—restrictedtouppercervicalspinemotordysfunctionofheadandneckespeciallytherotationfunctionNeurologicsymptomsmildatearlystage,easytobeoverlookeddelayedspinalcordcompression

paralysis,respirationfailureNerverootcompressionnimbleness,painandstiffnessofoccipital-cervicalarea第29頁,共34頁,2023年,2月20日,星期二Diagnosisof

odontoidfracture&atlasdislocationHistory—injury,treatmentcourselocalandneurologicexaminationimageexaminationroutineX-raysfilmsSkull-neckAPfilmsOpen-mouthfilmsLateralflexionandextensionfilmsX-raytomographyCTMRIDifferentiatewiththeodontoiddysplasiaanditsdeformitycomplicationFacilitatechoosingthetreatmentplanandassessingprognosis第30頁,共34頁,2023年,2月20日,星期二DiscussionⅢTreatmentOdontoidfractureself-healingdifficultCanhardlyhealatthedisplacedsiteNon-operationtreatmentsareineffectiveSurgicaltreatmentisthefirstchoiceOperativeprocedurechoiceaccordingtopathologicchangesandclinica

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