2011年考研英語真題及解析

2011年考研英語及解SectionIUseof【文章綜述】本短文選材于2009年4月版的ScientificAmerican(《科學(xué)人》)中的一篇文章，原文題為HowHumorMakesYouFriendlier,ier,(《幽默如何讓你更具人氣、更性【試題連線】…………….…【選項分析】AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedLaughteras“abodilyexerciseprecioustohealth.”But1someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitness.Laughterdoes2short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,3heartrateandoxygenconsumption.Butbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto4,agoodlaughisunlikelytohave5benefitstheway,say,walkingorjogging,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughter plishes.Studiesdatingbacktothe1930sindicatethatlaughter8muscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown.Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablytheeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesoffeedbackthatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.11oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted12physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry13theyaresadbuttheyesadwhenthetearsbegintoAlthoughsadnessalso14tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow15muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofWürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto16apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificials–orwiththeirlips,whichwould

producea(n)17expression.Thosedtoexercisetheirenthusiasticallytofunnycartoonsthandidthosewhosemonthswerecontractedina19thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround20,thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.[A]among(在……之中)[B]except(除……之外) [A]reflect(反映 [B]demand(要求[C]indicate(顯示 [D]produce(產(chǎn)生 [C]impairing(削弱、損傷)[D]determining(決定) [C]affordable(負(fù)擔(dān)得起的 [D]renewable(可再生的6.[A]Inturn(依次) [B]Infact(事實(shí)上) [C]moderate(緩解、減輕)[D]enhance(加強(qiáng)、提高) [B]mental(心理的) [D]internal(內(nèi)在的)11.[A]Exceptfor(除……以外)[B]Accordingto(根據(jù))[C]Dueto(由于) [D]Asfor(至于、關(guān)于)12.[A]with(和……一起 [B]on(在……之上 [B]follows(在……之后、跟隨) [C]precedes(處于……之前,先于)[D]suppresses(，忍住 [C]turned(求助于 [D]reacted(反應(yīng) [B]from(從……,來自) [B]requiring(要求) [D]supposing(假設(shè))16.[A]fetch(取回 20.[A]Eventually(最后 [B]Consequently(因此 [B]excited(興奮的) 同+pli+ish動詞后綴→全部弄滿→完成）argue?ɡju:]vi.vt.辯論，論證；說服，勸說；爭吵,提出理由tfcil??catkɑ:?tu:nn漫畫,幽claim[kleim]v.n.要求;斷言;索賠;權(quán)利,要求得到的東西;clam-cryout,shout呼喊，叫喊contractkntrktn.承包）合同、契約v.訂合同、契約；使縮小；（疾病，染上（惡習(xí)（con共同+tract→共同拉回去→收縮；對大家都有制約→合同）db?n ?nd?vd ??ɡ；jog.mood[mu:d]n.partially?:??adv.部分地；不完全地，partial.adj.部分的;偏袒的；的，偏愛的；（part部分+-ial形容詞后綴→部分的，偏袒的）precious?e?a.珍貴的,貴重的；矯揉造作的，過分講究的（prec+iousreactionr?k?nn.；反應(yīng)；反作用；、與……起化學(xué)反應(yīng)（react＋ion名r??sstrain[strein]v.n.拉緊;負(fù)擔(dān)；扭傷，緊張，壓力;strict-tighten拉緊vessel?e?nconceivablyk?n?i:bl]adv.v.構(gòu)思，有想法；（conceive有想法+-able形容詞后綴“有可能的”+-ly副詞后綴→可能地）emotional[i?m?u??nladj.n.情緒，情感；（emotion+-al形容詞后綴enthusiastically???st?k?l?]adv.熱情地；極感地;adj.熱情的，熱心的enthusiasm,n.熱情，fitness?f??]n.健康（狀況；fitn.v.試穿；合適；安裝；fitness?.view…as,把……tothecontrary,dateback(to,追溯到uptosth.到達(dá)（…數(shù)量、程度等diedown,ratherthan,theotherwayaround/round/up,答案 解題技巧→空格設(shè)置在第二句的句首，butsomeclaims…以及句子的laughinghaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitness，提示了空格處必須是體現(xiàn)上下兩句干擾項排除→butamonglike.而except答案 解題技巧→changes搭配produce…changes能表changes3個選項均答案 解題技巧→laughterdoesproduceshort-termchanges…這句話,干擾項排除→stabilizev.adjstable穩(wěn)定的派生而來，文中的前句說出,“不會減緩心率或是削弱耗氧量的，故C項是不符合題意的。答案 答案 解題技巧→本題的解題關(guān)鍵在于理解空格所在句的句型和意思。此句含有一個定語從表示“能夠……”由此可以推測出選項A的詞意。容詞都是帶有-able的后綴，推測起詞意來很容易。答案 解題技巧→此空格位于上下兩段的銜接處，故重點(diǎn)在于明確兩段間的邏輯關(guān)系。B選項infact是一個常用的短語，正好符合這里的銜接關(guān)系。干擾項排除→除了上下段間的邏輯關(guān)系，每個選項的詞意是關(guān)鍵。Inturn,一般說明時間和空間順序；inaddition，表示并列的關(guān)系；inbrief，一般用于簡單地概括或結(jié)論。答案 干擾項排除→s選項[B]impossible和[C]項average從詞意上便可知與文意不相符，故排項 考點(diǎn)→動詞的用法辨析【考頻49次】解題技巧→空格所設(shè)置的位置為該句動詞indicate的賓語部分thatmuscles,decreasingmuscletonelaughter對肌肉產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。由此可判斷出所填詞與decrease語義相近，故[A]hardens,[C]tightens首先可排除掉；[B]weakens,“削弱”之意，與句意和實(shí)際情況都不相一致，也可干擾項排除→-en加在形容詞后構(gòu)成動詞，[A]和[C]兩個選項屬于反向干擾，[B]則對答案構(gòu)成近義干擾。這些詞的難度均不高，去掉-en的后綴便可答案 解題技巧→本題的解答要充分結(jié)合下句的句意。下句中的improveanindividual’semotionalstate“改善個人的情緒狀態(tài)”可判斷出，空格中應(yīng)選用帶有“緩解，減輕”等對情緒有積極意義的動詞。[C]moderate正和此意。答案 解題技巧→本段的主要意思是說明身體行為與心理狀態(tài)相互影響的關(guān)系。本句的后半提示。physical“身體的”與emotional“心理的”相對，所以[A]項正確。答案 解題技巧→oneclassicaltheoryofemotion一個經(jīng)典的情緒理論”，句是順承關(guān)系。選項中只有Accordingto可以后接推斷的依據(jù)，故[B]項為正選。干擾項排除→答案 解題技巧→空格所在的位置是句子的主分，說明情緒與身體反應(yīng)之間的關(guān)系。根配，解釋的根源。即使是不知道berootedin這個固定搭配，也可以從root做動詞能與berooted構(gòu)成搭配。答案 干擾項排除→四個選項中，首先可以排除[C]if,因?yàn)檫@個連詞放在這里，所表達(dá)的意思此項則表示悲傷是哭泣的唯一條件，也是不合常理的；[B]until雖然是一個強(qiáng)調(diào)時間關(guān)答案 解題技巧→本句是承上啟下的過渡句。前半句仍在說明情緒與身體反應(yīng)的關(guān)系，并與項排除→tears的搭配就可以排除[A]exhausts,耗盡”和[B]follows表示時間關(guān)系，但其意思正好和原文相反，故也排除。答案 解題技巧→flowemotions和muscularresponsesflowfrom,“來自于，從……產(chǎn)生”最符合句意。故[B]是答干擾項排除→[A]flowinto,表示“流入……”，[C]flowtowards,表示“流向，涌向”，[D]flowbeyond,流過，溢出”。結(jié)合下文“一個著名的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究—支持情感源自于身體答案 解題技巧→本句具體解釋Fritz實(shí)驗(yàn)的內(nèi)容：在實(shí)驗(yàn)中們要用牙齒或雙唇“固定住”，也可以和with搭配，是唯一滿足句子要求的選項。干擾項排除→三個干擾項代入句中意思都不通，顯然無法用牙齒或雙唇fetch(取來，拿來)pick(撿，摘)一支筆，故排除[A]和[C]bite（咬）是最具干擾性的，雖然可以用牙齒咬，卻無法用雙唇bite,所以[B]選項也是錯誤的。答案 文中也提到了mouthswerecontractedinafrown,也正是雙唇銜筆的情景。因此選項[A]disappointed是正確的。干擾項排除→四個選項中，首先可以排除[B]excited和[C]joyful,這兩者都表示積極的表答案 蹙頞的更高的熱情”，可見此處是表面兩組在漫畫時的不同反應(yīng)。干擾項排除→to搭配，但首先可以排除[B]catered和[C]turned,cateredto,“迎合”；turnedto,“求助于”，放入句子均與原文意義無關(guān)。答案 解題技巧→本空位于兩個長分句之間，前半部分講述了實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果，后半部分說明實(shí)干擾項排除→首先排除[B]requiring和[C]mentioning,兩者都表示某種愿望或人為的動作，不能與前半部分匹配。[D]supporting,表示“假設(shè)，假定”的關(guān)系，放在句中不答案 解題技巧→此處需要一個副詞，表明文章最后一句與前文的關(guān)系。上文通過實(shí)驗(yàn)得出的干擾性最強(qiáng)，往往會誤導(dǎo)考生認(rèn)為“thephysicalactoflaughterexpressions”的 2發(fā)生短期的變化，3加速心率和也就很難像散步或慢跑那樣產(chǎn)生5明顯的6事實(shí)上，體育鍛煉能夠拉緊肌肉使之2030年代就有諸多研究表明，笑能8放松肌肉，以致在笑停止后，肌肉的張力會降低長達(dá)45分鐘之久。這樣的身體反應(yīng)可能會有助于9緩解精其他形式的10身體反應(yīng)，從而改善的12源自身體的反應(yīng)。19世紀(jì)13因?yàn)楸M管悲傷的情緒也會14出現(xiàn)在流淚之

·茨克讓用牙16咬住一支筆，一支筆，由此形成一個17失望的表情。當(dāng)·煉笑肌的人比那些蹙眉繃嘴的人18反應(yīng)更加強(qiáng)烈，19這就說明了人的表情可以影響情緒，而不是情緒影響表情。20與之相似，

SectionIIReading 議。主要圍繞擔(dān)任紐約愛樂樂團(tuán)音樂總監(jiān)以及人們對此的看法展開論述，【試題連線】…………【選項分析】⑴ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.⑵

Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.⑶“Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.⑴ appointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.⑵EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”⑶AsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.⑴Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagood⑵Tobesure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.⑶AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.⑴Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.⑵Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.⑶Theserecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinicqualitythantoday’sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe“consumed”atatimeandceofthelistener’schoosing.⑷Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionthetraditionalclassical⑴Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.⑵Gilbert’sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedly

different,morevibrantorganization.”⑶Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?⑷Merelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert’sappointmenthasincurredcriticism. [B]raisedsuspicion. [C]receivedacclaim.[D]arousedcuriosity. TommasiniregardsGilbertasanwho ★ ★★ Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedignoretheexpensesoflive Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.★[B]TheyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralTheyhelpimprovethequalityofTheyhaveonlycoveredRegardingGilbert’sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorfeels[A]doubtful.[B]enthusiastic.★confident.puzzled.

?e?bcpraey?pr???d.綴+ly副詞后綴） ???n v.(to)奉獻(xiàn),致力于；把…于(de表強(qiáng)調(diào)+vote→發(fā)誓做事→致力于)favorablehitherto?i??:]ad.到目前為止，迄立出的制度）（in進(jìn)入+stiute+ion名詞后綴→制度）用的；當(dāng)前大家談?wù)摰腶d.以現(xiàn)場方式eey??iad.僅僅，只不orchestra［5C:kistr?］n.管弦樂隊;(orchestra-al形容詞后綴→adj.管弦樂隊的)vrant?ab?nta.振動的，生氣勃勃的（vibr振動+ant）eeroe?ep?tw:n.,全部劇目,保留劇目,全部技能cocrr?k?n??ɡ?u]n.常參加音樂會者h(yuǎn)ooray[hu5rei](=hurrah)int.!n.v.philharmonic[ ik]adj.音樂的n.交響樂團(tuán)sober-sided嚴(yán)肅的，正式的troupe[tru:p]n.(演出的)一團(tuán),一伙或一群，尤指巡回的演員，歌舞演員團(tuán)體uneenounpe?a. 自負(fù)的；虛偽的（pretent+ious形容詞后綴）bethetalkofsth(infl.)bootupbringaboutforthemostpartmissthepoint沒抓住要領(lǐng)，沒含substituteforsth./sb.代替(者)…strikesbas…給人以……的印象tobesure確實(shí)，當(dāng)然tosaytheleastwithno/anairofsth.沒有/有……答案 的，故[C]選項表達(dá)了此意，acclaim即是favorable的同意替換。雖然文中有類似的詞critic出現(xiàn)，但其含義眾所周知是“評論家”，用來說明答案 解題技巧→按照試題的順序和題干中的Tommasini，此題可定位至第二段的第二句，有那種“令人生畏的指揮家的神態(tài)”（withnoairoftheformidableconductor）,所以[B]選項為正確答案，modestunpretentious。但是這些詞多為考生們所不熟知的，此也可以推斷出Gilbert正是為人低調(diào)謙遜才不為人知的。的”,也談不上是否受人尊重respectable，排除[A]和[C]；至于[D]項talented,Gilbert既答案 解題技巧→由題干中的“devotedconcertgoers”將此題定位至第四段。首句中說“忠實(shí)普及已經(jīng)給古典音樂演奏會帶來了”，由此可以推斷，devotedconcertgoers是忽略performsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcomposition”這樣一句話提到了“variety因?yàn)樗母蓴_來自于第四段的第二句“moneyoftheart-lovingpublic”，可是這里指的是答案 ，availabe也可排除。[D]選項“唱片僅收錄了名曲”，該段的第二句中有提到therecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury，說明現(xiàn)場音樂會與那些收20世紀(jì)偉大的古典音樂大師作品的唱片進(jìn)行競爭，但“只收錄了名曲”這么絕對答案 者并不認(rèn)同Alex的觀點(diǎn)，對Gilbert能否重振愛樂樂團(tuán)是持懷疑態(tài)度的，故[A]正確。干Para.1,SentenceThedecision(oftheNewYorkPhilharmonic)↑hasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-主 謂 賓worldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009時間狀語從句eversince引導(dǎo)的一個時間狀語從句，也正是這個時間狀語從句，整個句子才使用的現(xiàn)在完P(guān)ara.2,Sentence(thathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez)→定語從Asadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestra↑thatseemslikelytohaveatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.(賓補(bǔ)【解析】句子主干…thatseemslikelytohavestrucksomereadersas…。that指代的是該句的前文提到的Tommasini對GilbertAsadescriptionofthenextmusicPara.4,Sentencewhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformance(who引導(dǎo)的定語從句Devotedconcertgoers↑aremissingthe主 謂 賓【解析】句子主干…concertgoers…aremissingthepoint。Para.5,Sentence,Gilbert’sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:[AlexRoss,↑hasdescribedhim主 謂 +賓語從aman賓補(bǔ)whoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferentmoreorganization.”]Gilbert’sowninteresthasbeenwidelynoted.的舉例說明，這部分也有主干AlexRoss…h(huán)asdescribedhimasaman…。其中becapableof,紐約愛樂樂團(tuán)決定聘請·為下一任音樂總監(jiān)，這一任命自2009年突然宣雷雪廳或其他地方聽有趣的交響樂。我所要做的就是去我的CD架上，或是打開電腦，從iTunes上的錄制音樂。。 【試題連線】 ⑴WhenLiamMcGeedepartedasofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexnationwassurprisinglystraightup.⑵Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunninga.”⑶Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchmydecision,”McGeesays.⑷Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.⑴McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofhewantedtorun.⑵Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.⑶AndMcGeeisn’talone.⑷InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexnationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.⑸Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionnsinresponsetoshareholderpressure,executiveswhodon’tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.⑹Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.⑴Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.⑵Inthethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.⑶Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.⑴Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.⑵ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.⑶SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:”Ican’tthinkofasinglesearchI’vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.”⑴Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven’talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.⑵EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeage,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.⑶ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiesexchange.⑷RobertWillumstadleftin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthreeyearslater.⑴Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.⑵Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.⑶“Thetraditionalrulewasit’ssafertostaywhereyouare,butthat’sbeenfundamentallyinverted,”saysoneheadhunter.⑷“Thepeoplewho’vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho’vestayedtoolong.”WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing AccordingtoParagraph2,seniorexecutives’quittingmaybespurredby[A]theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus. [B]theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife. [C]theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards. [D]theirpursuitofnewcareergoals.Theword“poached”(Line3,Paragraph4)mostprobablyapprovedof.★[B]attendedto.★★★[C]huntedfor.[D]guardedagainst.★★Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat[A]topperformersusedtoclingtotheirposts.[B]loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-dated.★★[C]topperformerscaremoreabout [D]it’ssafertosticktothetraditional Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?[A]CEOs:WheretoGo? [C]TopManagersJumpwithouta a[?baund]vi.大量存在；（in，with）充滿，富于；有許多（abaprve?u]v.（of）贊成，贊許，稱贊；同意；批準(zhǔn)，審議，通過（ap表強(qiáng)調(diào)s??in n.渴望，熱望（aspire+ation名詞后綴cloudn.云(狀物);遮暗物,陰影;一大群v.不清楚；使不確定，；被籠罩,覆蓋disgraceds?rsn.失寵,；丟臉，不光彩，v.使失寵;玷辱,使蒙羞（dis+grace）executive［ig5zekjutiv］n.總經(jīng)理,行政a.執(zhí)行的,實(shí)施的，行政的，有行政能力的fundametallfnd??en?(fundamental+ly副詞后綴）fundamental，a.基礎(chǔ)的,基本的，本質(zhì)的，基本性的n.（pl.）基本原則,基本原理，法則（fundament+al形容詞后綴）instruct[in?str?kt]v.教,教授;命令,指示；吩咐，指導(dǎo)，正式建議（in進(jìn)+struct→把知識invert[in?v?:t]v.倒置,倒轉(zhuǎn),顛倒（in進(jìn)+vert→轉(zhuǎn)進(jìn)去→倒轉(zhuǎn)→倒置）name［neim］n.名字，名稱,名聲,名譽(yù)vt.給…取名；列舉；提名；指定,任命,說出…名字quarter[kw?:t?］n.四分之一;季;一刻鐘;(pl.)方向;(pl.)住處;quarterly,a.每季的ad.每季一n.季reflect[ri?flekt]v.反射,反映,表現(xiàn),反省,沉思，仔細(xì)考慮（re反+flect彎曲返回→反射sit[sit]vi.坐，坐下；位于；棲息；孵卵vt.使就坐；在…中任職；開會,開庭spur[sp?:]n.鞭刺,馬刺;刺激,刺激物v.刺激,激勵；踢馬刺succession[s?k?se??n]n.連續(xù),系列;繼任,繼承（success+ion名詞后綴→連續(xù)）turbulent[?t?:bjul?nt]a.狂暴的,無秩序的；驅(qū)動的，猛烈而不穩(wěn)定的（turb+ulent多…. ??n??u?翻倒(物);人員調(diào)整;(等)周轉(zhuǎn)；量,售出depart[di?pɑ:tvi.離開,起程,不按照,逝世adj.過去的,逝世的deputy?depu]n.人,代表adj.的,副的headhunter[?hedh?nt?]n.獵頭poach[p??t?]v.偷獵；挖走;從（某處）挖走（人員ecrte?ktn.招聘人員；人scrutinize?kru?tna?]v.adhereto遵守（、法律或協(xié)議attendtosb./sth.處理，應(yīng)付betweenjobs[介詞短語]暫時賦閑在家；暫時失業(yè)中（委婉地表達(dá)失業(yè)，暗含著努力找工clingtosb./sth.附著于某物；牢牢粘著comerightoutandsaysth.公開表示getthenod被選中；得到inresponsetosth.lineup安排；(使)整隊，排隊moveon更換工作；繼續(xù)前進(jìn)reflecton，考慮stickwithsb.（尤指為獲得幫助或保護(hù)而）sticktosth.堅守，信守（許諾、信仰和規(guī)則pickup答案 解題技巧→由題干中的McGee和departure定位至首段的首句。句中他辭職的理由答案 解題技巧→本題的解題關(guān)鍵鎖定在第二段。題干中“bespurredby”是“由……干擾項排除選項A]refecton么司不自生也項原二的句(5)表明董事會受到來自股東的壓力，但并未說級經(jīng)理人與董事會之間關(guān)系緊張，答案 了多年來挑選CEO所遵循的傳統(tǒng)規(guī)則：最佳的CEO應(yīng)該是“那些被poach的人”(whomustbepoached)。末句又對這句做具體的說明，從句中的“l(fā)ookatsittingCEOsfirst”可CEO的規(guī)則：考慮在職人員，用人單位主動去挖人。其他幾個選項代入答案 可首先排除；[B]選項是依據(jù)本段首句中的olddisgrace設(shè)置的干擾，此句過去高級司的忠誠已過時，故排除；[D]選項是把文中的句子“thetraditionalrulewasit’ssafer…”答案 的下，即使重重風(fēng)險，高管們依然不斷跳槽，以達(dá)到新的職業(yè)目標(biāo)。因此[C](Para.2,Sentence,whodon’tgetthenodalso定語從Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionnsinresponsetoshareholderpressure,executives↑maywish 主 謂move【解析】句子主干…executivesmaywishtomoveon。executiveswho引as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，該狀語從句里面又有主干結(jié)構(gòu)boardsscrutinizesuccessionns…,inresponseto…的結(jié)構(gòu)是Para.3,Sentence,Inthethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboards時間狀 主 表 withtheleaders↓,accordingtoLiberum（whom省略）theyhad（定語從句【解析】這是一個“主系表”的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，其主干為…CEOturnoverwasdown23%...。圖theleaderswhom的關(guān)系代詞。八月份，·麥吉辭去銀一職時，的解釋出乎意料地直白。他沒有用一些常用的模棱兩可的借口來掩飾自己的離職，反而坦言是為了“實(shí)現(xiàn)自己經(jīng)營公司的目官兼董席執(zhí)行官更換率與前一年相比下降了23%。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)開始好轉(zhuǎn)，對于胸懷壯志的者而辭掉的工作，尋找更好的位并不是傳統(tǒng)的做。多年來，經(jīng)理人以及獵頭們都遵丹網(wǎng)上商品公司的。2005年，羅伯特威盧姆斯塔德帶著成為一名首席執(zhí)行官的雄【】本文選自2010年11月的McKinseyQuarterly(《麥肯錫季》)，原文題為BeyondPaidMedia:Marketing’sNewVocabulary(《媒介：新詞匯》)。題材結(jié)構(gòu)是總分結(jié)構(gòu)，論述比較抽象，在理解上有一定的難度。【試題連線】…………【選項分析】⑴Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.⑵Nolonger.⑶Whiletraditional“paid”media–suchasevisioncommercialsandprintadvertisements–stillyamajorrole,companiestodaycanexploitmanyalternativeformsofmedia.⑷Consumerspassionateaboutaproductmaycreate“owned”mediabysendinge-mailalertsaboutproductsandsalestocustomersregisteredwithitsWebsite.⑸Thewayconsumersnowapproachtheprocessofmakingpurchasedecisionsmeansthatmarketing’simpactstemsfromabroadrangeoffactorsbeyondconventionalpaidmedia.⑴Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketerspromotingtheirownproducts.⑵Forearnedmedia,suchmarketersactastheinitiatorforusers’responses.⑶Butinsomecases,onemarketer’sownedmedia eanothermarketer’spaidmedia–forinstance,whenanmerceretailersellsadspaceonitsWebsite.⑷Wedefinesuchsoldmediaasownedmediawhosetrafficissostrongthatotherorganizationscetheircontentor merceengineswithinthatenvironment.⑸Thistrend,whichwebelieveisstillinitsinfancy,effectivelybeganwithretailersandtravelproviderssuchasairlinesandhosandwillnodoubtgofurther.⑹Johnson&Johnson,forexample,hascreatedBabyCenter,astand-alonemediapropertythatpromotescomplementaryandevencompetitiveproducts.⑺Besidesgenerating e,thepresenceofothermarketersmakesthesiteseemobjective,givescompaniesopportunitiestolearnvaluableinformationabouttheappealofothercompanies’marketing,andmayhelpexpandtrafficforallcompanies⑴Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathaveprovidedmarketerswithmore(andmorediverse)communicationschoiceshavealsoincreasedtheriskthatpassionateconsumerswillvoicetheiropinionsinquicker,morevisibleandmuchmoredamagingways.⑵Suchhijackedmediaaretheoppositeofearnedmedia:anassetorn eshostagetoconsumers,otherstakeholders,oractivistswhomakenegativeallegationsaboutabrandorproduct.⑶Membersofsocialnetworks,forinstance,arelearningthattheycanhijackmediatoapplypressureonthebusinessesthatoriginallycreatedthem.⑴Ifthathappens,passionateconsumerswouldtrytopersuadeotherstoboycottproducts,puttingthereputationofthetargetatrisk.⑵Insuchacase,the’sresponsemaynotbesufficientlyquickorthoughtful,andthelearningcurvehasbeensteep.⑶ToyotaMotor,forexample,alleviatedsomeofthedamagefromitsrecallcrisisearlierthisyearwitharelativelyquickandwell-orchestratedsocial-mediaresponsen,whichincludedeffortstoengagewithconsumersdirectlyonsitessuchasandthesocial-newssiteDigg.Consumersmaycreate“earned”mediawhentheyobsessedwithonlineshopatcertainWeb inspiredbyproduct-promotinge-mailssentto eagertohelptheirfriendspromotequality AccordingtoParagraph2,soldmediaasafebusiness random stronguserflexibilityin TheauthorindicatesinParagraph3thatearnedinviteconstantswithpassionate canbeusedtoproducenegativeeffectsinmayberesponsibleforfiercer deserveallthenegativecommentsabout ToyotaMotor’sexperienceiscitedasanexamplerespondingeffectivelytohijacked takingadvantageofhijacked WhichofthefollowingisthetextmainlyAlternativestoconventionalpaidbetweenhijackedandearnedmedia. Dominanceofhijacked Popularityofowned ??allegation??e?]n.主張，斷言,辯解（allega+ion?e朝，向alternative[?:l?t?:n?tiv]na.二選一的（alternat＋iveapproach??pr?utv.靠近，接近n.接近；途徑，;方式,方法（ap表強(qiáng)調(diào)+proachasset[??set]n.（pl.）資產(chǎn),財產(chǎn)；有價值的物品；天賦，優(yōu)點(diǎn)，優(yōu)勢，長處（as=ad朝向+set=sat充足→富?！胸敭a(chǎn)）,boycott[?b?ik?t]n.＆v.(聯(lián)合 ,]commercialk:??a.商業(yè)的；商務(wù)的；可獲利的，贏利的；商品化的，以贏利為目的n.，商業(yè)（com+merc+ial形容詞后綴→共同的→商業(yè)的）k??ptiv的（compete+itive形容詞后綴→競爭的）complimentary?kmp?men?:]a.補(bǔ)充的,補(bǔ)足的（complement+ary形容詞后綴）exploit[iks?pl?it]v.n.功績（勛）;業(yè)績；英勇業(yè)績（ex詞后綴→產(chǎn)生電等）hostage[?h?stid?]n.（host+age名詞后綴→把客人→）objective[?b?d?ektiv]n.a.客觀的,真實(shí)的,不帶偏見的（object+ivepresence[?prez?ns]n.出席,到場,存在,在；駐扎,；儀態(tài),風(fēng)度,風(fēng)采property[?pr?p?tin.財產(chǎn),資產(chǎn),地產(chǎn),房地產(chǎn),所有物;建筑物；性質(zhì),特性（proper+tyregister[?red?ist?]n.＆v.登記,，登記薄，博v.（儀表等）指示,（郵件），顯示，自動錄下（re再次+gister→再次帶來→學(xué)員，登記）?erough[r?f]a.粗糙的;粗略的,大致的;粗野的,的；刺耳的,難聽的,倒霉的,難熬的steep[sti:p]a.陡峭的；險峻的；急劇升降的；不合理的,過分的vt.浸泡,沉浸thoughtful[?θ?:tful]a.認(rèn)真思考的,沉思的;體貼的,關(guān)心的]infancy?n?nin.嬰兒期;早期,initiator[i?ni?ieit?]n.發(fā)起人,教導(dǎo)者,leverage[?li:v?rid?]n.〈物〉杠桿作用；vt.&vi.杠桿式投機(jī);(使)利用進(jìn)行投機(jī);充分rhtrte?k?srtvt.把(樂曲)編成管弦樂;和諧地安排;精心策劃passionate[?p???nit]adj.多情的;表現(xiàn)[充滿]的,熱切的;熱誠的;狂熱的stand-alone?tnd???unn.單機(jī),卓越adj.(企業(yè)，公司等)獨(dú)立經(jīng)營的actasatrisk處境；，受到：engagewithsb./sth.理會，處理inone’sinfancy處在初始階段learningcurve學(xué)習(xí)曲線stemfrom源于;是…….答案 createearnedmedia.由此可知，此時建無關(guān)，所以排除[B選項[C]promotingittofriends設(shè)置的干擾項，答案 mediawhosetrafficissostrong.這種售出媒介流量巨大)，那么其他機(jī)構(gòu)就會前來投放內(nèi)干擾項排除→定位句前后均無任何信息涉及到“競爭問題”，故首先排除[B];至于[A],答案 businesses，干擾項排除→]選項的內(nèi)容在本段根本沒有涉及，故排除；由第三段可知，情緒激動的消費(fèi)會持媒對企施壓這消費(fèi)同企間的，非消者同介的，所以A]可以排除；本段的句)提到了活動家們對某一品牌進(jìn)行指控，并未就某品牌的好壞進(jìn)行評判，同樣也沒有判斷免費(fèi)媒介的好壞，那么D所”任據(jù)，除。答案 解題技巧→以ToyotaMotor為例證設(shè)置的一個題目，定位在末段。該段首句消費(fèi)者升的非?？欤╰helearningcurvehasbeensteep；所以本段運(yùn)用本田汽車的例證來說明公更與豐田汽車的例子無關(guān)，故排除。本段末句說明“豐田公司通過和社會答案 式，故[D]并非文章的主旨。Para.1,thelast(that省略)consumersnowapproachtheprocessofmakingpurchasedecisions(定語從句Theway↑meansthatmarketing’simpactstemsfromabroadrangeoffactors主 謂 that引導(dǎo)的賓語從conventionalpaidThewaymeansthat…。that的定語從句和由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，這兩個從句都有自己的小主分。定語從句的主干為“consumersapproachtheprocessof”;賓語從句的則為“marketing’simpactstemsfromarangeoffactors…Para.2,Sentencewhosetrafficissostrongthatotherorganizationscetheircontentor merceengineswithinthatenvironment(whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾ownedmedia)Wedefinesuchsoldmediaasowned主語謂 賓 賓assoldmedia的賓語補(bǔ)足語；whoseso…that…的Para.2,thelastBesides e,thepresenceofothermarketersmakesthesiteseem主 謂語1+賓語givescompaniesopportunitiestolearnvaluableinformationabouttheappealof2+companies’marketing,andmayhelpexpandusertrafficforallcompanies謂語 賓語ofothermarketersmakesthesite…,givescompaniesopportunities…,andmayhelpexpanduser詞for引出的一個目的狀語。Para.3,thefirstthathaveprovidedmarketerswithmoreandmorediversecommunicationschoices（定語從句Thesamedramatictechnologicalchanges↑havealsoincreasedtherisk主 謂 賓thatpassionateconsumerswillvoicetheiropinionsinquicker,morevisibleandmuchdamagingways(that引導(dǎo)的同haveprovidedmarketerswithchoices”;theriskthat引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，說明therisk的具體內(nèi)容。Para.4,thelastToyotaMotor,forexample,alleviatedsomeofthedamagefromitsrecallcrisisearlier主 謂 賓yearwitharelativelyquickandwell-orchestratedsocial-mediaresponsewhichincludedeffortstoengagewithconsumersdirectlyonsitessuchasandthesocial-newssiteDigg.（which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句則是對先行詞n的補(bǔ)充說明。社會網(wǎng)Digg上直接面對消費(fèi)者進(jìn)行交流。 本自2010年7月9日的Newsweek(《》)，原文標(biāo)題為NotOnBoardWith【試題連線】…………【選項分析】⑴It’snosurprisethatJenniferSenior’sinsightful,provocativemagazinecoverstory,“IloveMyChildren,IHateMyLife,”isarousingmuchchatter–nothinggetspeopletalkinglikethesuggestionthatchildrearingisanythinglessthanacompleyfulfilling,life-enrichingexperience.⑵Ratherthanconcludingthatchildrenmakeparentseitherhappyormiserable,Seniorsuggestsweneedtoredefinehappiness:insteadofthinkingofitassomethingthatcanbemeasuredbymoment-to-momentjoy,weshouldconsiderbeinghappyasapast-tensecondition.⑶Eventhoughtheday-to-dayexperienceofraisingkidscanbesoul-crushinglyhard,Seniorwritesthat“theverythingsthatinthemomentdampenourmoodscanlaterbesourcesofintensegratificationanddelight.⑴ThemagazinecovershowinganattractivemotherholdingacutebabyishardlytheonlyMadonna-and-childimageonnewsstandsthisweek.⑵Therearealsostoriesaboutnewlyadoptive–andnewlysingle–momSandraBullock,aswellastheusual“JenniferAnistonispregnant”news.⑶Practicallyeveryweekfeaturesatleastonecelebritymom,ormom-to-be,smilingonthenewsstands.⑴Inasocietythatsopersistentlycelebratesprocreation,isitanywonderthatadmittingyouregrethavingchildrenisequivalenttoadmittingyousupportkitten-killing?⑵Itdoesn’tseemquitefair,then,tocomparetheregretsofparentstotheregretsofthechildren.⑶Unhappyparentsrarelyareprovokedtowonderiftheyshouldn’thavehadkids,butunhappychildlessfolksarebotheredwiththemessagethatchildrenarethesinglemostimportantthingintheworld:obviouslytheirmiserymustbeadirectresultofthegababy-sizeholesintheirlives.⑴Ofcourse,theimageofparenthoodthatcelebritymagazineslikeUsWeeklyandPeoplepresentishugelyunrealistic,especiallywhentheparentsaresinglemotherslikeBullock.⑵Accordingtoseveralstudiesconcludingthatparentsarelesshappythanchildlesscouples,singleparentsaretheleasthappyofall.⑶Noshockthere,consideringhowmuchworkitistoraiseakidwithoutapartnertoleanon;yettohearSandraandBritneylit,raisingakidontheir“own”(read:withround-the-clockhelp)isapieceofcake.⑴It’shardtoimaginethatmanypeoplearedumbenoughtowantchildrenjustbecauseReeseandAngelinamakeitlooksoglamorous:mostadultsunderstandthatababyisnotahaircut.⑵Butit’sinterestingtowonderiftheimagesweseeeveryweekofstress-,happiness-enhancingparenthoodaren’tinsomesmall,subconsciouswaycontributingtoourowndissatisfactionswiththeactualexperience,inthesamewaythat