2016考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解解題技巧全匯總

第一部分英語(yǔ)閱讀強(qiáng)化階段解題技巧匯 第一單元考研閱讀名師筆 第二單元95分英語(yǔ)考研達(dá)人筆記與心 （ 第三單元考研閱讀技巧葵花寶 第二部分強(qiáng)化階段自我鑒定必做練習(xí) 第一單元考研閱讀名師筆passion,熱情motivation動(dòng)力,動(dòng)機(jī)inspiration啟迪,啟發(fā),靈感practice練1.furtherstudy 3.torebuildyourself-scanning→closereading(精讀)快速閱讀→:②社會(huì)科學(xué):強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)效性※考查重點(diǎn)從上看,出題以社會(huì)科學(xué)為主,特別強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)效性(hotspot熱點(diǎn)社會(huì)科學(xué)涉及的領(lǐng)域--a)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)(每年必考):inflation通貨膨脹deflation通貨緊縮mortgage抵一定不涉及的領(lǐng)域--政治科學(xué).國(guó)際政治③人文科學(xué):出題不多,主要涉及文學(xué)評(píng)論.雜文.散文.essay⑵在題材上,大綱要求四類(lèi)文章:議 說(shuō)明文20% 四體裁-- 新體裁--散文.文學(xué)評(píng)論(10%左右主要來(lái)源--英美期.學(xué)術(shù)文章.英美本Americandream夢(mèng)--dom.opportunitydecline,下降CIA=centralinligenceagency情報(bào)局filibusterv.阻礙,n.命題題材--經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)(每年必考).教育學(xué)(基本每年一篇).心理學(xué)(每?jī)赡昕家黄?.閱讀速度:60個(gè)英文單詞(closereading——精細(xì)閱讀理解文章具體信息(要求理解長(zhǎng)難句理解文章的概念性含義能進(jìn)行相關(guān)的判斷.推理和引申(implyinfer推理題的答案為原文概念的轉(zhuǎn)述理解作者的意圖.四步走‘總原則1∶1原則(通讀時(shí)間與做題時(shí)間對(duì)等(1)文章敘述的主要內(nèi)容(2)文章中有無(wú)題到概念(3)作者大致態(tài)度(贊同//贊同&閱讀原則首段原則:文章第一段必須逐字逐句理解透切,:①② A為答案A非答案A非答案A非答案若A=B,則B為正確答案；若A.B不相關(guān),則B不為正確答案,即原文沒(méi)有提到的,一定不是答案；若B為A的,即B與A,則B不為正確答案；A的內(nèi)容包B,B為正確答案若B的內(nèi)容包含A,則B不為正確答案,屬于擴(kuò)大范圍的錯(cuò)誤；若A.B有交集不,則B不為正確答案.花開(kāi)兩朵,各表一枝:即在文章開(kāi)始提出兩個(gè)概念,隨后分段論述.這種文章關(guān)鍵是兩個(gè)概念的定義,出現(xiàn)獨(dú)句段即一個(gè)句子單獨(dú)成段.特別是當(dāng)其出現(xiàn)在文章最開(kāi)始或結(jié)束的時(shí)候,它一般是文章的中心思層層遞進(jìn)文章整體或幾個(gè)段落論述的問(wèn)題有從抽象到具體.從初級(jí)到高級(jí).從簡(jiǎn)單到復(fù)雜的過(guò)程,且各段問(wèn)題答案型(question-answer):文章第一段中出現(xiàn)一個(gè)問(wèn)題,在隨后各段提供該問(wèn)題的答案.這種文章的時(shí)文的特點(diǎn):⑴聳人聽(tīng)聞,吸引眼球⑵貌似客觀⑶拋磚引玉過(guò)渡 具體論 具體論具體論 注意看清文章時(shí)由幾個(gè)自構(gòu)成.要注意文章的段與段之間是順成結(jié)構(gòu)還是轉(zhuǎn)折結(jié)構(gòu).(3)．注意抓兩類(lèi)文體:A議 B說(shuō)明文抓說(shuō)明對(duì)象和作者態(tài)度.A起承轉(zhuǎn)合型:注意抓出起.合的. B花開(kāi)兩朵型:注意抓出兩個(gè)概念的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系.C文體答案型:一般來(lái)說(shuō),問(wèn)題是文章的中心,閱讀的目的是為了尋找答案.⑴形式主語(yǔ)或賓 ⑵強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié) ⑶非限定性定語(yǔ)從 ⑷同位語(yǔ)從 ⑸倒裝結(jié) ⑹虛擬語(yǔ)⑴可以把類(lèi)比看作特殊的例 ⑵識(shí)別一下,作者把什么比喻成了什例如:Ifyouwere/hadcomehereyesterdayyouwouldhaveseenthatfamousprofessor.作者用虛擬語(yǔ)氣一般表⑴標(biāo)志:①題干中明確提到的時(shí)間.地點(diǎn).人物等細(xì)節(jié)信息 [以5個(gè)W(what,why,where,who,when),和一個(gè)H(how)提問(wèn)的做題的關(guān)鍵在于 ⑶迷惑人的:①單詞替 ②顛倒因 ③擴(kuò)大范 ④判例證題標(biāo)志:caseexampleillustrationdemonstrationexemplifydemonstrate⑵做題的步驟 詞匯題⑵⑷做題的方法:可以使用兩種方法從上下文進(jìn)行推理:①代入替換法 ⑵⑶⑷指代題⑴標(biāo)志:在題干中明確原文中某處的指代詞,要求辨別其指代關(guān)系.?？嫉闹复~有:itthat做題的步驟并且推理題⑴標(biāo)志::infer⑵整體思路:⑴標(biāo)志::attitudebelievedeemconsider作者態(tài)度只分為三大類(lèi) Oppositionsuspicion懷疑的Approval支持indifference冷漠(一般不選)Optimistic樂(lè)觀的subjective主觀的objective客觀的pessimistic悲觀的biased有偏見(jiàn)的impartial偏心的sensitive敏感的有些選項(xiàng)是固定不能作為正確答案的indifferentsubjectivebiased⑷識(shí)別作者態(tài)度有以下方法:①找文中帶有感彩的名次.動(dòng)詞.形容詞.副 判斷題⑴標(biāo)志①whichofthefollowingstatementisnot②Allofthefollowingstatementsareture/correct/mentioned⑵整體思路①首先應(yīng)判斷是三錯(cuò)一對(duì)還是三對(duì)一錯(cuò)所謂”對(duì)”是指符合原文所謂”錯(cuò)”是指和原文有,或原文未提⑶特別關(guān)注:①轉(zhuǎn)折 ②③感彩的詞(褒貶含義主旨題標(biāo)志:besttitlemainideamainproblem⑶特別要首段.末段陷做題的方法:快速作文法:依據(jù)選項(xiàng).快速作文.與原文核對(duì)精讀要求做到①中沒(méi)有任何一個(gè)單詞是生詞②中沒(méi)有任何一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句是難句③中每個(gè)選項(xiàng)都知道 ⑵背單詞不要利用黃金時(shí)間和整塊時(shí)⑴推薦:① ②《21stCentury》 ②《CambridgeEnglish r推薦字典:①《牛津高級(jí)學(xué)習(xí)者詞典》《朗文當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)詞典 ⑴驗(yàn)證自己在中形成的解題思 ⑵擴(kuò)大閱讀范 第二單元95分英語(yǔ)考研達(dá)人筆記與例證題：examplecaseillustrateillustration,exemplify搜索該例證周?chē)膮^(qū)域，90%向上，10%向下，找出該例證支持的觀點(diǎn)。例子周?chē)哂懈爬ǔ橄笮缘谋?指代題：詞匯題：“搜索代入”的并列，也就是兩句話的意思相同，所以可用其中一句話的意思來(lái)推測(cè)另一句話的意思從而推出所給詞▲隱蔽型詞匯題：題干與原文的某句完全重合，只有一兩個(gè)詞被替換掉。隱蔽型詞匯題的做法跟詞匯題句子理解題：思路：對(duì)句子微觀分析?不行就依據(jù)上下文?選擇時(shí)不要推得過(guò)遠(yuǎn)。推理題：“最近原則標(biāo)志：learn,inferimply主旨題：“串線摘帽主旨題的標(biāo)志：mainlyaboutmainlydiscussthebest③首段陷阱作者態(tài)度題： y,excessively,too判斷題：細(xì)節(jié)題：notnecessarily,some.第一大層次：無(wú)中生有（未提及的概念②正反（選項(xiàng)的意思跟原文的意思正好相反所答非所問(wèn)（雖然選項(xiàng)的說(shuō)法沒(méi)有問(wèn)題，符合原文，但和題干搭不上邊）第二大層次：①過(guò)分絕對(duì)；擴(kuò)大范圍（mostly；④判斷?微觀閱讀的技巧：③變主動(dòng)；likewise（；that表示結(jié)果的詞：thus,asaresult表示遞進(jìn)的詞：furthermoreinaddition；；first②注意抓兩類(lèi)文體：一個(gè)是議 中心句（段首句）中心句（段首句）具體論述中心句（段尾句過(guò)渡句（段首句）④具體論述中心句（段尾句最常出題的地方是：中心思想或概念。中心思想+細(xì)節(jié)=文觀念轉(zhuǎn)變和方法轉(zhuǎn)變（closereading細(xì)讀）社會(huì)科學(xué)（SocialScience）30自然科學(xué)（NaturalScience）10分析：88--99年，11年中從未出過(guò)題。 多讀： 、說(shuō)明文。（從來(lái)沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)過(guò)記敘文，應(yīng)用文只出過(guò)1篇理解文章的謀篇結(jié)構(gòu)新大綱的特點(diǎn)（3個(gè)text99年（2）互聯(lián)網(wǎng)；01年（4）全球并購(gòu)浪潮；02年475—8015—20表示重要性的詞prime;aboveall;first3keyword:細(xì)讀（closereading）閱讀三步走48精讀擊破法基本的學(xué)習(xí)方法：精讀和泛讀相結(jié)合。精讀與泛讀的比例1：1對(duì)48篇精讀+細(xì)節(jié)=文章。要反復(fù)把自己以 模擬題：一周4篇。精細(xì)地研究②把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)，抓住文章的概念（70%30%考研的文章與四六級(jí)文章的重要不同之處：前者重細(xì)讀，后者重速度?？佳械奈恼轮匾曌プ≈行乃枷氲哪芰?。中心思想+細(xì)節(jié)=文章；中心思想引領(lǐng)細(xì)節(jié)。要反復(fù)把自己以前的思路同現(xiàn)在的新思路作 petent（無(wú)意識(shí)地，力地）屬于問(wèn)題認(rèn)知的第一階段； petent（有意識(shí)地，力地）屬于問(wèn)題認(rèn)知的第二階段；consciouslycompetent（有意識(shí)地，有能力地）屬于問(wèn)題認(rèn)知的第三階段；unconsciouslycompetent（無(wú)意識(shí)地，有能力地）屬于問(wèn)題認(rèn)知的第四階段。從認(rèn)知的第三階段達(dá)到第四階段，是一個(gè)反復(fù)熟練的過(guò)程?！?8精讀擊破法” 第三單元考研閱讀技巧葵花寶1、題干上有五個(gè)WH1、標(biāo)志：besttitlemainideamainproblemconclusionmainlydisgussmainlydealwithpurposetheauthorintendstodosthadigest 1attitudebelieveconsiderdeamregardindiferent（subjectie（；puzzled（往是正確的：quarded慎重的，qualified有條件的，tempered緩和的，因?yàn)閹в斜Ａ魬B(tài)度的觀點(diǎn)比較客觀，一般帶有絕對(duì)化或者過(guò)于是的選項(xiàng)必然是錯(cuò)誤的，如：stronglycompeletlyentirely1inferimply1、標(biāo)志：exampleexemplifyillustration1、標(biāo)志：whichofthefollowingstatementisnottureAllofthefollowingistureexcept...2、思路：1、標(biāo)志：在題干中明確某個(gè)代詞要求辨別itthatonethey果沒(méi)有獨(dú)立的諸位部分，它不是句子，而是分詞短語(yǔ)、todo結(jié)構(gòu)，獨(dú)立主格。1、通讀全文，把握中心2、仔細(xì)審題，返回原文3、選項(xiàng)，得出答4、正確答案從語(yǔ)義上去理解經(jīng)常含有不肯定的語(yǔ)氣詞和委婉表達(dá)的詞：canmaymight尤其是推理題的答 第一題：原文：Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmento izeprofitsandthedesireofindividualsto izetheir es,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.題干：51.InLine8,Paragraph1,“thedesireofindividuals ize es” [A]Americansareneversatisfiedwith [B]Americanstendtooverstate [C]Americanswanttohave es[D]Americanswanttoincreasethepurchasingpowerof 【解析】去掉強(qiáng)調(diào)格式以后，句子還原為：Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystem，thedemandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmento izeprofitsandthedesireofindividualsto es,togetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.被強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)象題干 InLine8,Paragraph1,“thedesireofindividuals ize es” [A]Americansareneversatisfiedwith [B]Americanstendtooverstate [C]Americanswanttohave es e不等于increase e增加收入。[D]Americanswanttoincreasethepurchasingpowerof Americanaize e等于increasethepurchasingpower 第二題：InventionsandinnovationsalmostalwayscomeoutoflaborioustrialanderrorInnovationislikesoccer;eventhebestyersmissthegoalandhavetheirshotsblockedmuchmorefrequentlythantheyscore.Thepointisthattheyerswhoscoremostaretheoneswhotakemostshotsatthegoal--andsoitgoeswithinnovationinanyfieldofactivity.Theprimedifferencebetweeninnovatorsandothersisoneofapproach.Everybodygetsideas,butinnovatorsworkconsciouslyontheirs,andtheyfollowthemthroughuntiltheyprovepracticableorotherwise.Whatordinarypeopleseeasfanciful ions,professionalinnovatorsseeassolid題目：68.Accordingtotheauthorwhatdistinguishesinnovatorsfromnon-[A]Thevarietyofideastheyhave.[B]TheinligencetheyThewaytheydealwithproblems.[D]Thewaytheypresenttheir原文：InventionsandinnovationsalmostalwayscomeoutoflaborioustrialanderrorInnovationislikesoccer;eventhebestyersmissthegoalandhavetheirshotsblockedmuchmorefrequentlythantheyscore.Thepointisthattheyerswhoscoremostaretheoneswhotakemostshotsatthegoal--andsoitgoeswithinnovationinanyfieldofactivity.Theprimedifferencebetweeninnovatorsandothersisoneofapproach.Everybodygetsideas,butinnovatorsworkconsciouslyontheirs,andtheyfollowthemthroughuntiltheyprovepracticableorotherwise.Whatordinarypeopleseeasfanciful ions,professionalinnovatorsseeassolid題目：68.Accordingtotheauthorwhatdistinguishesinnovatorsfromnon-ThevarietyofideastheyThe ligencetheyThewaytheydealwith解析:approachwayideasproblem，problem相當(dāng)于一個(gè)上一詞，比如，我有一項(xiàng)job，我可以說(shuō)我要處理一個(gè)problem.Thewaytheypresenttheirpresent的錯(cuò)誤，文中是談及如何”處理”,而不是如何“展示”。Theprimedifferencebetweeninnovatorsandothersisoneofapproach.Everybodygetsideas,butinnovatorsworkconsciouslyontheirs,andtheyfollowthemthroughuntiltheyprovepracticableorotherwise.Whatordinarypeopleseeasfanciful ions,professionalinnovatorsseeassolidpossibilities.oneofapproach中的one不容易理解，其實(shí)就是一個(gè)語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的正式性的問(wèn)題，one第三題：Therearetwobasicwaystoseegrowth:oneasaproducttheotherasaprocessPeoplehaveviewedalgrowthasanexternalresultorproductthatcaneasilybeidentifiedandmeasured.Theworkerwhogetsapromotion,thestudentwhosegradesimprove,theforeignerwholearnsanewlanguage--alltheseareexamplesofpeoplewhohavemeasurableresultstoshowfortheirefforts. isgenerallybelievedto algrowth hehasgivenuphissmokinghehasmadegreateffortsinhisheiskeenonleaninganythinghehastriedtodeterminewhereheisonhis isgenerallybelievedtoachievealgrowth 根據(jù)題干可以定位到原文中的這樣一句：Peoplehavegenerallyviewedalgrowthasanexternalresultorproductthatcaneasilybeidentifiedandmeasured.generallybelievedgenerallyanexternalresultorproductthatcaneasilybeidentifiedandhehasgivenuphissmokinghehasmadegreateffortsinhisheiskeenonleaninganythingnewhehastriedtodeterminewhereheisonhisTherearetwobasicwaystoseegrowth:oneasaproduct,theotherasaprocess.People havegenerallyviewedalgrowthasanexternalresultorproductthatcaneasilybeidentifiedandmeasured.Theworkerwhogetspromotion,thestudentwhosegradesimprove,theforeignerwholearnsanewlanguage--alltheseareexamplesofpeoplewhohavemeasurableresultstoshowfortheirefforts.： ThereisonemorepointIfeelIoughttotouchon.RecentlyIheardawell-knownevisionalitydeclarethathewasagainstadvertisingbecauseitpersuadesratherthaninforms.Hewasdrawingexcessivelyfinedistinctions.Ofcourseadvertisingseekstopersuade.：Ifitsmessagewereconfinedmerelytoinformation—andthatinitselfwouldbedifficultifnotimpossibletoachieve,forevenadetailsuchasthechoiceofthecolourofashirtissubtlypersuasive—advertisingwouldbesoboringthatnoonewouldpayanyattention.Butperhapsthatiswhatthewell-known ality53.Theauthordeemsthatthewell-known ality verypreciseinpassinghisjudgementoninterestedinnothingbutthebuyers'correctinlingthedifferencebetweenpersuasionandobviouslypartialinhisviewsonThereisonemorepointIfeelIoughttotouchon.RecentlyIheardawell-knownevision alitydeclarethathewasagainstadvertisingbecauseitpersuadesratherthaninforms.Hewasdrawingexcessivelyfinedistinctions.Ofcourseadvertisingseekstopersuade.Ifitsmessagewereconfinedmerelytoinformation—andthatinitselfwouldbedifficultifnotimpossibletoachieve,forevenadetailsuchasthechoiceofthecolourofashirtissubtlypersuasive—advertisingwouldbesoboringthatnoonewouldpayanyattention.Butperhapsthatiswhatthewell-knownevisionalitywants.Theauthordeemsthatthewell-knownTVality verypreciseinpassinghisjudgementoninterestedinnothingbutthebuyers'correct lingthedifferencebetweenpersuasionandobviouslypartialinhisviewson快速解題：A和C兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)是正面的判斷，B是中性的判斷；D是的判斷；因此可以容易的根據(jù)。原文找出作者對(duì)于其的判斷是的。因此答案只能是第四個(gè)選項(xiàng)。第五題：原文：Weliveinasocietyinwhichthemedicinalandsocialuseofsubstancesdrugsispervasiveaspirintoquietaheadache,somewinetobesociable,coffeetogetgoinginthemorning,acigaretteforthenerves.Whendothesesociallyacceptableandapparentlyconstructiveusesofasubstance emisuses?Firstofall,mostsubstancestakeninexcesswillproducenegativeeffectssuchaspoisoningorintenseperceptualdistortions.Repeateduseofasubstancecanalsoleadtophysicaladdictionorsubstancedependence.題目：61.Physicaldependenceoncertainsubstancesresults uncontrolledconsumptionofthemoverlongperiodsofexclusiveuseofthemforsocialtativeapplicationofthemtothetreatmentofcarelessemploymentofthemforunpleasant原文：Weliveinasocietyinwhichthemedicinalandsocialuseofsubstances(drugs)ispervasive:anaspirintoquietaheadache,somewinetobesociable,coffeetogetgoinginthemorning,acigaretteforthenerves.Whendothesesociallyacceptableandapparentlyconstructiveusesofasubstance emisuses?Firstofall,mostsubstancestakeninexcesswillproducenegativeeffectssuchaspoisoningorintenseperceptualdistortions.Repeateduseofasubstancecanalsoleadtophysicaladdictionorsubstance題目：61.Physicaldependenceoncertainsubstancesresults uncontrolledconsumptionofthemoverlongperiodsofexclusiveuseofthemforsocialtativeapplicationofthemtothetreatmentofcarelessemploymentofthemforunpleasant解析：Firstofall,mostsubstancestakeninexcesswillproducenegativeeffectssuchaspoisoningorintenseperceptualdistortions.Repeateduseofasubstancecanalsoleadtophysicaladdictionorsubstancedependence.這兩句話為重點(diǎn)句：其中兩個(gè)：excess和Repeated；第六題：Intalkingtosomescientistsparticularlyyoungeronesyoumightgathertheimpressionthattheyfind"scientificmethod"asubstituteforimaginativethought.I'veattendedresearchconferenceswhereascientisthasbeenaskedwhathethinksabouttheadvisabilityofcontinuingacertainexperiment.Thescientisthasfrowned,lookedatthegraphs,andsaid"thedataarestillinconclusive.""Weknowthat,"themenfromthebudgetofficehavesaid,"butwhatdoyouthink?Isitworthwhilegoingon?Whatdoyouthinkwemightexpect?"Thescientisthasbeenshockedathavingevenbeenaskedtospeculate.68.Theauthorassertsthat [A]shouldn'trece"scientificmethod"withimaginative[B]shouldn'tneglecttospeculateonunpredictable[C]shouldwritemoreconcisereportsfortechnical[D]shouldbeconfidentabouttheirresearchIntalkingtosomescientists,particularlyyoungerones,youmightgathertheimpressionthattheyfind"scientificmethod"asubstituteforimaginativethought.I'veattendedresearchconferenceswhereascientisthasbeenaskedwhathethinksabouttheadvisabilityofcontinuingacertainexperiment.Thescientisthasfrowned,lookedatthegraphs,andsaid"thedataarestillinconclusive.""Weknowthat,"themenfromthebudgetofficehavesaid,"butwhatdoyouthink?Isitworthwhilegoingon?Whatdoyouthinkwemightexpect?"Thescientisthasbeenshockedathavingevenbeenaskedtospeculate.[D]shouldbeconfidentabouttheirresearch 第七題：McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindof wantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisntalone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexnationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccession nsinresponsetoshareholderpressure，executiveswhodontgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheir27.AccordingtoParagraph2，seniorexecutivesquittingmaybespurredby［A］theirexpectationofbetterfinancial［B］theirneedtoreflectontheirprivate［C］theirstrainedrelationswiththe［D］theirpursuitofnewcareerMcGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkind hewantedrun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisntalone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexnationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccession nsinresponsetoshareholderpressure，executiveswhodontgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.AmericanExpress的一些高級(jí)經(jīng)理離職并解釋說(shuō)想找一個(gè)CEO的職位。當(dāng)董事會(huì)迫于股東的壓力對(duì)一系列27.AccordingtoParagraph2，seniorexecutivesquittingmaybespurredby 促使的［A］theirexpectationofbetterfinancial［B］theirneedtoreflectontheirprivate［C］theirstrainedrelationswiththe［D］theirpursuitofnewcareertheex nationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost為原因。D選項(xiàng)和原文使用了上下義詞的替換。newcareergoals=CEOpost，也是上下義詞的替換。干擾性最大的就C選項(xiàng)了，后文確實(shí)提到了和board之間的關(guān)系，但是是講在計(jì)劃不被批準(zhǔn)的時(shí)候，并不是和董事會(huì)關(guān)。原文 capacityfortoleratingstressmayevenbegreaterthan 選項(xiàng)：Dr.Yehudasresearchsuggeststhatwomenaremorecapableofavoidingcapacityfortoleratingstress，而選項(xiàng)為capableofavoidingstress。 ［C］theJapaneseenduremorethanever原文：Unhappyparentsrarelyareprovokedtowonderifthey thavehadkids，butunhappyfolksarebotheredwiththemessagethatchildrenarethesinglemostimportantthingintheworld:obviouslytheirmiserymustbeadirectresultofthegababy sizeholesintheirlive.選項(xiàng)：childlessfolksarelesslikelytobesatisfiedwiththeirOrsothethinkinghasgonesincetheearly1980s,whenjuriesbeganholdingmorecompaniesliablefortheircustomers'misfortunes.or,thethinkinghasgonesosincetheearly1980s,...Whatwerethingslikein1980swhenaccidentsCustomersmightberelievedoftheirdisastersthroughrelievesb.ofsth./berelievedof意為“免除某事；解除某事；使擺脫某事”。Injuredcustomerscouldexpectprotectionfromthelegal 的訴諸法律，成功地獲得賠償?；蛘?，更確切地說(shuō)，自80年代初 Companieswouldavoidbeingsuedbyprovidingnew解析 JuriestendedtofindfaultwiththecompensationscompaniesWhilewarningsareoftenappropriateandnecessary—thedangersofdrugin ctions,forexample—andmanyarerequiredbystateorfederalregulations,itisn'tclearthattheyactuallyprotectthemanufacturersandsellersfromliabilityifacustomerisinjured.About50percentofthecompanieslosewheninjuredcustomerstakethemtocourt.Manufacturersasmentionedinthepassagetend satisfycustomersbywritinglongwarningsonehonestindescribingtheinadequaciesoftheirmakethebestuseoflabelstoavoidlegalfeelobligedtoviewcustomers'safetyastheirfirstWhilewarningsareoftenappropriateandnecessary—thedangersofdrug ctions,forexample—manyarerequiredbystateorfederalregulations,itisn'tclearthattheyactuallyprotectthemanufacturersandsellersfromliabilityifacustomerisinjured.About50percentofthecompanieslosewheninjuredcustomerstakethemtocourt.Manufacturersasmentionedinthepassagetend tend asmentionedinthepassage（定語(yǔ)）satisfycustomersbywritinglongwarningsonehonestindescribingtheinadequaciesoftheirmakethebestuseoflabelstoavoidlegaltheyactuallyprotectthemanufacturersandsellersfromliabilityifacustomerisfeelobligedtoviewcustomers'safetyastheirfirstThefullimportmaytakeawhiletosinkin.TheNTRightsoftheTerminallyⅢlawhasleftphysiciansandcitizensaliketryingtodealwithitsmoralandpracticalimplications.Somehavebreathedsighsofrelief,others,includingchurches,right-to-lifegroupsandtheAustralianMedicalAssociation,bitterlyattackedthebillandthehasteofitspassage.Butthetideisunlikelytoturnback.InAustralia—whereanagingpopulation,life-extendingtechnologyandchangingcommunityattitudeshaveallyedtheirpart—otherstatesaregoingtoconsidermakingasimilarlawtodealwitheuthanasia.IntheUSandCanada,wheretheright-to-diemovementisgatheringstrength,observersarewaitingforthedominoestostartfalling.Fromthesecondparagraphwelearn theobjectiontoeuthanasiaisslowtocomeinotherphysiciansandcitizenssharethesameviewonchangingtechnologyischieflyresponsibleforthehastypassageoftheittakestimetorealizethesignificanceofthelaw'sThefullimportmaytakeawhiletosinkin.TheNTRightsoftheTerminallyⅢlawhasleftphysiciansandcitizensaliketryingtodealwithitsmoralandpracticalimplications.Somehavebreathedsighsofrelief,others,includingchurches,right-to-lifegroupsandtheAustralianMedicalAssociation,bitterlyattackedthebillandthehasteofitspassage.Butthetideisunlikelytoturnback.InAustralia—whereanagingpopulation,life-extendingtechnologyandchangingcommunityattitudeshaveallyedtheirpart—otherstatesaregoingtoconsidermakingasimilarlawtodealwitheuthanasia.IntheUSandCanada,wheretheright-to-diemovementisgatheringstrength,observersarewaitingforthedominoestostartfalling.Fromthesecondparagraphwelearn theobjectiontoeuthanasiaisslowtocomeinotherphysiciansandcitizenssharethesameviewonchangingtechnologyischieflyresponsibleforthehastypassageoftheittakestimetorealizethesignificanceofthelaw's]為人徹底理解(sinkin)。其實(shí)，該段的第二句是對(duì)第一句更具體的闡釋?zhuān)摼淇勺g為：北部地方州（此處A意為：在（除澳大利亞以外的）其他國(guó)家，對(duì)的意見(jiàn)緩慢而至。這一點(diǎn)該段沒(méi)有提到。C意為：技術(shù)（條件）的變化應(yīng)對(duì)該法的倉(cāng)促批準(zhǔn)負(fù)主要責(zé)任。該段第五句意為：在澳大利亞，其他州也技術(shù)、正在變化的社會(huì)態(tài)度等因素?？梢?jiàn)，這與C所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容不一樣。第十二題：199957Oncecommercialpromotionbeginstofillthescreenuninvited,thedistinctionbetweentheWebandfades.That'saprospectthathorrifiesNet57.IntheviewofNet thereshouldbenomarketingmessagesinonlinemoneymakingshouldbegivenprioritytoonthetheWebshouldbeabletofunctionas evisionthereshouldbenoonlinecommercialinformationwithoutOncecommercialpromotionbeginstofillthescreenuninvited,thedistinctionbetweentheWebandevisionfades.That'saprospectthathorrifiesNetpurists.IntheviewofNet thereshouldbenomarketingmessagesinonlinemoneymakingshouldbegivenprioritytoonthetheWebshouldbeabletofunctionas evisionthereshouldbenoonlinecommercialinformationwithout正確答案[D]意為：沒(méi)有要求就不應(yīng)該有商業(yè)信息。即：沒(méi)有主動(dòng)要求就不應(yīng)該提供商業(yè)信息。Netpurists第三段最后兩句：商業(yè)信息一旦在沒(méi)有要求的情況下就被推入用戶的屏幕，那么，網(wǎng)絡(luò)和電視的區(qū)別就不存在了，這種前景正是Netpurists所懼怕的。懼怕的就給出了觀點(diǎn)，表示這事實(shí)，因A意為：領(lǐng)域不應(yīng)該有銷(xiāo)售信息。根據(jù)對(duì)D的分析，這些人的是銷(xiāo)售信息的傳送方式，而不是這C意為：網(wǎng)絡(luò)的功能應(yīng)該像電視一樣。這正是Netpurist所的。第十三題：99年第四篇文章第三題：答案和原文的同意改寫(xiě)在是考研的一大特色，需要多多體會(huì)！NBACnstocallforabanon ernmentfundingforanyattempttoclonebodycellnucleicreateachild.Becausecurrentfederallawalreadyforbidstheuseoffederalfundstocreateembryos(theearlieststageofhumanoffspringbeforebirth)forresearchortoknowinglyendangeranembryo'slife,NBACwillremainsilentonembryoresearch.NBACwillleavetheissueofembryoresearchundiscussed embryoresearchisjustacurrentdevelopmentofthehealthofthechildisnotthemainconcernofembryoanembryo'slifewillnotbeendangeredinembryotheissueisexplicitlystatedandsettledintheNBACnstocallforabanonfederal ernmentfundingforanyattempttoclonebodycellnucleitocreateachild.Becausecurrentfederallawalreadyforbidstheuseoffederalfundstocreateembryos(theearlieststageofhumanoffspringbeforebirth)forresearchortoknowinglyendangeranembryo'slife,NBACwillremainsilentonembryoresearch.NBAC計(jì)劃呼吁繼續(xù)使用基金利用細(xì)胞核去克隆嬰孩的任何企圖。因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)行的法律NBAC在胚胎研究這一問(wèn)題上。NBACwillleavetheissueofembryoresearchundiscussed embryoresearchisjustacurrentdevelopmentofthehealthofthechildisnotthemainconcernofembryoanembryo'slifewillnotbeendangeredinembryotheissueisexplicitlystatedandsettledinthe]Becausecurrentfederallawalreadyforbidstheuseoffederalfundstocreate ofhumanoffspringbeforebirth)forresearchortoknowinglyendangeranembryo'sWell,nogainwithoutpain,theysay.Butwhataboutpainwithoutgain?EverywhereyougoinAmerica,heartalesofcorporaterevival.Whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproductivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheyarepresidingoverisforreal.Theofficialstatisticsaremildlydiscouraging.Theyshowthat,ifyoulumpmanufacturingandservicestogether,productivityhasgrownonaverageby1.2%since1987.Thatissomewhatfasterthantheaverageduringthepreviousdecade.Andsince1991,productivityhasincreasedbyabout2%ayear,whichismorethantwicethe1978-1987average.Thetroubleisthatpartoftherecentaccelerationisduetotheusualreboundthatoccursatthispointinabusinesscycle,andsoisnotconclusiveevidenceofarevivalintheunderlyingtrend.Thereis,asRobertRubin,thetreasurysecretary,says,a"disjunction"betweenthemassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproductivityandthepicturereflectedbythestatistics.Theofficialstatisticsonproductivity excludetheusualreboundinabusinessfallshortofbusinessmen'smeettheexpectationofbusinessfailtoreflectthetruestateofWell,nogainwithoutpain,theysay.Butwhataboutpainwithoutgain?EverywhereyougoinAmerica,youheartalesofcorporaterevival.Whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproductivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheyarepresidingoverisforreal.Theofficialstatisticsaremildlydiscouraging.Theyshowthat,ifyoulumpmanufacturingandservicestogether,productivityhasgrownonaverageby1.2%since1987.Thatissomewhatfasterthantheaverageduringthepreviousdecade.Andsince1991,productivityhasincreasedbyabout2%ayear,whichismorethantwicethe1978-1987average.Thetroubleisthatpartoftherecentaccelerationisduetotheusualreboundthatoccursatthispointinabusinesscycle,andsoisnotconclusiveevidenceofarevivalintheunderlyingtrend.Thereis,asRobertRubin,thetreasurysecretary,says,a"disjunction"betweenthemassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproductivityandthepicturereflectedbythestatistics.的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字卻有點(diǎn)不讓人樂(lè)觀。這些數(shù)據(jù)表明，如果把制造業(yè)和服務(wù)業(yè)合起來(lái)算，1987年以來(lái)生年—1987年的平均增長(zhǎng)速度高兩倍以上。問(wèn)題在于，近年發(fā)生的生產(chǎn)力快速增長(zhǎng)部分是由于商業(yè)周期通常..56.Theofficialstatisticsonproductivity excludetheusualreboundinabusinessfallshortofbusinessmen'smeettheexpectationofbusinessfailtoreflectthetruestateof[B]以來(lái)生產(chǎn)率平均增長(zhǎng)了1.2％，比前十年的平均指數(shù)略有增長(zhǎng)；1991年后，生產(chǎn)率每年增長(zhǎng)約2％，是19781987年這十年平均指數(shù)的一倍多。然而問(wèn)題是：最近顯示出的增長(zhǎng)部分是由商業(yè)領(lǐng)域里此時(shí)出,treasurysecretary,says,a"disjunction"betweenthemassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproductivityandthepicturereflectedbythestatistics.其意思是：正如財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)?6?1所說(shuō)的，生產(chǎn)力發(fā)生飛躍的AThetroubleisthatpartoftherecentaccelerationisduetotheusualreboundthatoccursatthispointinabusinesscycle，意思是：近年發(fā)生的生產(chǎn)力快速增長(zhǎng)部分是由于商業(yè)周期通常到了這時(shí)候就會(huì)出現(xiàn)的反彈造成的。但是統(tǒng)計(jì)時(shí)并未排除此反彈，在原文中沒(méi)有根據(jù)。原文只是說(shuō)這個(gè)反彈是個(gè)trouble，但是并未說(shuō)找個(gè)trouble被排除了。D意為：沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)確地反映經(jīng)濟(jì)的狀況。該選項(xiàng)的說(shuō)法太籠統(tǒng)了，雖然由原文得出了“脫節(jié)”的結(jié)論，但是請(qǐng)注意，是生產(chǎn)力發(fā)生飛躍的商業(yè)與統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字所反映的情況之間存在著一種“脫節(jié)”，而不是該第十五題：9863Emergingfromthe1980censusisthepictureofanationdevelomoreandmoreregionalcompetition,populationgrowthintheNortheastandMidwestreachesanearThisdevelopment—anditsstrongimplicationsforUSpoliticsandeconomyinyearsahead—hasenthronedtheSouthasAmerica'smostdenselypopulatedregionforthefirsttimeinthehistoryofthenation'sheadcounting.Altogether,theUSpopulationroseinthe1970sby23.2millionpeople—numericallythethird-largestgrowtheverrecordedinasingledecade.Evenso,thatgainaddsuptoonly11.4percent,lowestinAmericanannualrecordsexceptfortheDepressionyears.AmericanshavebeenmigratingsouthandwestinlargernumberssinceWorldWarII,andthepatternstillDiscernedfromtheperplexingpictureofpopulationgrowththe1980censusprovided,Americain.enjoyedthelowestnetgrowthofpopulationinwitnessedasouthwesternshiftofunderwentanunparalleledperiodofpopulationbroughttoastandstillitspatternofmigrationsinceWorldWarEmergingfromthe1980censusisthepictureofanationdevelomoreandmoreregionalcompetition,aspopulationgrowthintheNortheastandMidwestreachesanearstandstill.Thisdevelopment—anditsstrongimplicationsforUSpoliticsandeconomyinyearsahead—hasenthronedtheSouthasAmerica'smostdenselypopulatedregionforthefirsttimeinthehistoryofthenation'sheadcounting.Altogether,theUSpopulationroseinthe1970sby23.2millionpeople—numericallythethird-largestgrowtheverrecordedinasingledecade.Evenso,thatgainaddsuptoonly11.4percent,lowestinAmericanannualrecordsexceptfortheDepressionyears.AmericanshavebeenmigratingsouthandwestinlargernumberssinceWorldWarII,andthepatternstill20世紀(jì)70年代，人口總共增長(zhǎng)了2320萬(wàn)——從數(shù)字上看，這是有以來(lái)10年期人口增長(zhǎng)的Discernedfromtheperplexingpictureofpopulationgrowththe1980censusprovided,Americain.enjoyedthelowestnetgrowthofpopulationinwitnessedasouthwesternshiftofunderwentanunparalleledperiodofpopulationbroughttoastandstillitspatternofmigrationsinceWorldWarA意為：是歷史上人口凈增長(zhǎng)最低的十年。第二段，70年代，共增長(zhǎng)了2320萬(wàn)人，從增長(zhǎng)數(shù)量上來(lái)看，該年代增長(zhǎng)幅度居于有史以來(lái)第三；但這一數(shù)字僅為總?cè)丝诘?1.4％，除了大時(shí)代D意為：自第二次以來(lái)的遷移趨向告一段落。參閱第四段?？芍粚?duì)。正確答案為：B意為：人口向西南部遷移。史上，南部