2020-2021學年人教版選修八UNIT1ALANDOFDIVERSITYLEARNINGABOUTLANGUAGE課時作業(yè)

Unit1AlandofdiversityLearningaboutlanguage課時作業(yè)第一節(jié)閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ABookWormCulturalHomestayProgramSTAYINTHEASIANCOUNTRYOFYOURCHOICEFOR3MONTHSOurprogramgivesyouthechancetoimproveyourAsianlanguageskills(orstartlearninganewlanguage)aswellasdiscoveringmoreaboutthecountryyouarevisiting.Youwilllivewithalocalfamilyspeciallychosenforyoubasedonyoursharedinterests.Inreturnforteachingthefamily’schildrenEnglishforaround2hourseachday,youwillbegiventhechancetoexperiencethelocallanguageandculture.Youwillalsoreceive400dollarspocketmoneyeachmonth,aswellasfreeplaneticketstoandfromthecountryyouvisit.ABOUTTHEPROGRAMTOTAKEPARTYOUMUST:HaveacurrentpassportBeaseniormiddleschooloruniversitystudentBebetween16and25yearsoldHaveexcellentEnglishlanguageskillsBeopentootherculturesBeinterestedinAsiancultureBOOKWORMWILLGIVEYOU:FreereturntickettothecountryyouchooseLocallanguagelessons(6hoursperweek)YourownprivatebedroomwithfreeInternetPocketmoney($400amonth)AlocalphonecardAirportpickup,welcomedinnerand3-daycitytourForafulllistofparticipatingcountriesanddetailsabouthowtoapplypleasevisitourwebsiteat:1.Whywouldahomestayfamilyprobablywanttotakepartinthisprogram?A.Theyareeagertosharetheirinterests.B.Theyarepaidtodosobythecompany.C.Theywishtotraveltoothercountrieslater.D.TheywanttheirownchildrentolearnEnglish.2.WhoCANNOTtakepartintheprogramasahomestayvisitor?A.SomeonewhoalreadyspeaksanAsianlanguage.B.Astudentthathastakenpartintheprogrambefore.C.A24-year-oldmiddleschoolEnglishteacherfromBritain.D.Astudentborninanon-Englishlanguagespeakingcountry.3.Whatwilleachhomestayvisitorreceiveforfreeaspartoftheprogram?A.AmobilephoneB.Areturnairplaneticket.C.Threerestaurantmealsaday.D.Citywidebusandtraintravel.【答案】1.D2.C3.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇應用文。主要介紹了一項活動，可以在所選擇的亞洲國家生活三個月。并從價格、及各種注意事項等方面介紹了這項活動的具體信息?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一部分中“Inreturnforteachingthefamily’schildrenEnglishforaround2hourseachday,youwillbegiventhechancetoexperiencethelocallanguageandculture.”作為每天為家人的孩子提供2個小時左右的英語教學的回報，你將有機會體驗當?shù)氐恼Z言和文化?？芍乃藜彝タ赡芟?yún)⒓舆@個計劃的原因是他們希望自己的孩子學習英語。故選D項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二部分中“Beaseniormiddleschooloruniversitystudent”是高中或大學生。可知C項“A24-year-oldmiddleschoolEnglishteacherfromBritain.”一位來自英國的24歲中學英語老師不符合條件。故選C項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二部分中“Freereturntickettothecountryyouchoose”免費回程機票到你選擇的國家?？芍鳛橛媱澋囊徊糠郑课患乃藜彝ピL客均可免費獲得回程機票。故選B項?！军c睛】BMostkidscanwalkintoalibraryorbookstoreandfindhundredsofbookstoread.Butit’snotthatsimpleforkidswhoareblind.Theyreadinadifferentway.JennyLeeandotherbraille(盲文)transcriberstaketheprintedwordsofabookandchangethemintoacodeofraiseddots.Blindpeoplecanreadthesedotswiththeirfingers.Toknowwhatbraillefeelslike,takeaballpointpenandpresshardontoapieceofpaper.Nowturnthepaperoverandtouchtheraiseddotmadebythepenpoint.WhenLeefirstsawthedotsofthebraillealphabet,shewonderedifshe’deverbeabletoreadandwritethemeasily.Shetookaclassandpractisedhardforaboutsixmonthsbeforeshepassedthefinalexam:shehadtoconvert35pagesofabookintobraille.Today,Leeworksforapublisher.Oneofherjobsistochangechildren’sbooksintobraille.Todothis,Leefirsttypesthestoryintoacomputerandthenusesacomputerprogramtotranslateitintothebraillecode.Next,shelooksoverthetranslationseveraltimestomakesureit’smistake-free.Afterthat,acopyofthebraillestoryisprintedwithaspecialprinter.ThenLeeandaproofreaderworktogethertofindandcorrectanymistakes.Whenabookisready,manycopiesofitareprinted.Afterwards,somearesoldthroughwebsitesandothersaresenttolibraries.Sometimes,goingoverastoryagainandagaingetstiring.That’swhenLeetakesabreak.SeveralofJennyLee’sco-workers,whoareblind,useguidedogs.Whentheanimalsaren’tworking,Leelikesspendingafewminuteswiththem.Toher,playingwithdogs“isalwaysapick-me-upinthemiddleoftheday”.“Ilovethismission,”Leesays.“Throughmybrainpowerandmyfingers,Iamputtingthedotsintosomekid’shands.”4.Howdoesthewriterexplainwhatbraillefeelslike?A.Byexplainingwhatbraillewordslooklike.B.Bydescribinghowblindpeoplereadbooks.C.Byaskingreaderstoexperienceitthemselves.D.Bygivingexamplesofdifferentbraillewords5.WhatwasLee’sfirstreactiontobraille?A.Shewasexcitedtogetanewskill.B.Shewasamazedatthecleveridea.C.Sherealizedshecouldteachitherself.D.Shebelieveditwouldbedifficulttolearn.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“pick-me-up”inparagraph4mostprobablymean?A.Adiscussiontoreleaseworkstress.B.Somethingtoimproveone’sappetite.C.Somethingtohelprestoreone’sspirit.D.Afreerideaccompaniedwithaguidedog.7.WhatdoesLeethinkofherjob?A.Profitableandhopeful. B.Tiringbutmeaningful.C.Relaxingandhelpful. D.Boringbutchallenging.【答案】4.C5.D6.C7.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了JennyLee和其他盲文轉(zhuǎn)錄員成功使用電腦程序?qū)⒐适挛淖洲D(zhuǎn)換為盲文的經(jīng)歷?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Toknowwhatbraillefeelslike,takeaballpointpenandpresshardontoapieceofpaper.Nowturnthepaperoverandtouchtheraiseddotmadebythepenpoint.”要了解盲文的感覺，請拿一支圓珠筆并用力壓在一張紙上?，F(xiàn)在，將紙張翻轉(zhuǎn)過來，然后觸摸筆尖產(chǎn)生的凸起點?？芍髡咄ㄟ^讓讀者親身感受的方式解釋盲文是什么。故選C項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“WhenLeefirstsawthedotsofthebraillealphabet,shewonderedifshe’deverbeabletoreadandwritethemeasily.”當Lee第一次看到盲文字母的點時，她想知道自己是否能夠輕松閱讀和書寫它們。可知意在表明Lee對盲文的第一反應是覺得很難學會。故選D項?！?題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Sometimes,goingoverastoryagainandagaingetstiring.That’swhenLeetakesabreak.”有時，一次又一次地重復一個故事會很累。Lee會休息一下。以及“Whentheanimalsaren’tworking,Leelikesspendingafewminuteswiththem.”當動物不工作時，Lee喜歡和他們玩幾分鐘?？赏浦瑢λ齺碚f，和狗一起玩一直是中午時段能令人放松的時刻。C項“Somethingtohelprestoreone’sspirit.”意為可以幫助恢復精力的東西。切合語境。故選C項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Sometimes,goingoverastoryagainandagaingetstiring.”有時，一次又一次地重復一個故事會很累。以及最后一段中“Throughmybrainpowerandmyfingers,Iamputtingthedotsintosomekid’shands.”通過我的腦力和手指，我將盲文的圓點送到了一些孩子的手中。意在表明作者認為她的工作是累人但有意義的。故選B項?！军c睛】CTransportationshapestheworld:alongwithcommunications,itformsaglobalnetthatconnectspersontoperson,citytocity,andcountrytocountry.Transportationroutesaswellasvehiclesarevitaltothefunctioningandspreadofeverycivilization.Acountry’seconomydependsonreliabletransportation.Citiesspreadoutalongroads,rivers,andrails,sodoesinformation.Untilthe20thcentury,theserouteswereconfinedtolandorwater.Withtheinventionofpoweredflight,theairbecameanopenroadaswell.Theearliestwayoftravelingwasundoubtedlybyfoot,andhumans’earliestmeansoftransportinggoodswascarryingloadsontheirbackorhead.By4000B.C.,peoplewereusingdomesticatedanimalsfortransport,amethodgreatlyimprovedinsomepartsoftheworldbytheinventionofthewheel,probablyfirstdevelopedaround3500B.C..Untilthe19thcentury,animalsweretheenginesoflandtransportation.Butwiththeinventionofthesteamengineandtheinternalcombustionengine,railroadsandautomobilesrevolutionizedtravelandtrade.Morethan600millioncarsandtruckstraveltheworldtoday.Waterhasalwaysbeenafastandefficientmodeoftravel,andeventodayitremainsaprimarymoverofheavygoods.Theimportanceofwaterwaystohumancivilizationcanbeseenonanymap:almostalloftheworld’smajorcitiesarelocatedoncoastlinesorrivers.Asearlyas7000B.C.,peoplewerebuildingcanoes;long-distanceshipswerecommonby3000B.C.Untilthe1950s,shipswerethechiefmeansofoverseaspassengertravel.AlthoughtheMontgolfierbrotherstookflightinballoonsinthe18thcentury,airtravelwasnotpracticaluntiltheinventionofpoweredflightbytheWrightbrothersin1903.Withintenyears,thecommercialairtransportationbusinesshadbegun.Sincethe20thcentury,high-speedrailhasbecomeanotherconvenientwayoftravel.Today,two-thirdsoftheworld’shigh-speedrailtrackisinChina,whichmeasuresnearly30,000kms,andthisisexpectedtoreach38,000kmsby2025.8.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Technologicaladvancementsintransportovertime.B.Theinfluenceofeconomicactivitiesontransportation.C.Therelationshipbetweentransportationandinformationflows.D.Reasonswhylandandseatransportationrouteswereimportant.9.Whydoesthewritermentionthelocationoftheworld’smajorcities?A.Toencouragemorepeopletomovetobigcities.B.Toexplainwhyboatsandshipscontinuetobeirreplaceable.C.Torecommendwaterasaconvenientandcheapformoftransportation.D.Toemphasizethecontributionofwatertransporttohumandevelopment.10.Whatcanwelearnaboutairtravel?A.Balloonsusedtobeonepopularwayofairtravel.B.TheMontgolfierbrothersinventedpoweredflight.C.Theinventionofairplaneshelpedpopularizeairtravel.D.Airtravelbecamewidespreadsoonaftertheballoonwasinvented.11.Whatisthetotallengthofhigh-speedrailtrackintheworldtoday?A.About57,000kms. B.About45,000kms.C.About38,000kms. D.About30,000kms.【答案】8.A9.D10.C11.B【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了交通隨著技術的發(fā)展而進步，且列舉了水路、火車、航空以及高鐵這幾種交通方式隨著時間推移而進步?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Transportationshapestheworld:alongwithcommunications,itformsaglobalnetthatconnectspersontoperson,citytocity,andcountrytocountry.Transportationroutesaswellasvehiclesarevitaltothefunctioningandspreadofeverycivilization.”可知交通塑造了世界:與通訊一起，它形成了一個連接人與人、城市與城市、國家與國家的全球網(wǎng)絡。交通路線和交通工具對每一種文明的運作和傳播都至關重要。結合文章主要說明了交通隨著技術的發(fā)展而進步，列舉了水路、火車、航空以及高鐵這幾種交通方式隨著時間推移而進步。由此可知，這篇文章的主要內(nèi)容是隨著時間的推移，交通技術的進步。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Waterhasalwaysbeenafastandefficientmodeoftravel,andeventodayitremainsaprimarymoverofheavygoods.Theimportanceofwaterwaystohumancivilizationcanbeseenonanymap:almostalloftheworld’smajorcitiesarelocatedoncoastlinesorrivers.”可知水一直是一種快捷高效的運輸方式，即使在今天，它仍然是重型貨物的主要運輸方式。水路對人類文明的重要性可以在任何地圖上看到：幾乎所有的世界主要城市都位于海岸線或河流上。由此可推知，作者提到世界主要城市的位置，是為了強調(diào)水運對人類發(fā)展的貢獻。故選D?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“AlthoughtheMontgolfierbrotherstookflightinballoonsinthe18thcentury,airtravelwasnotpracticaluntiltheinventionofpoweredflightbytheWrightbrothersin1903.Withintenyears,thecommercialairtransportationbusinesshadbegun.”可知盡管18世紀的時候，蒙哥菲耶兄弟就用氣球飛行了，但是直到1903年萊特兄弟發(fā)明了動力飛機，航空旅行才變得實用起來。不到十年，商業(yè)航空運輸業(yè)務開始了。由此可知，飛機的發(fā)明促進了航空旅行的普及。故選C?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Today,two-thirdsoftheworld’shigh-speedrailtrackisinChina,whichmeasuresnearly30,000kms,andthisisexpectedtoreach38,000kmsby2025.”可知如今，世界上三分之二的高速鐵路在中國，總長近3萬公里，預計到2025年，這一數(shù)字將達到3.8萬公里。由此可知，當今世界高速鐵路的總長度約（3除以2/3）4.5萬公里。故選B。DIt’slateintheevening,timetoclosethebookandturnoffthecomputer.You’redonefortheday.Whatyoumaynotrealize,however,isthatthelearningprocessactuallycontinuesinyourdreams.Itmightsoundlikesciencefiction,butresearchersareincreasinglyfocusingontherelationshipbetweentheknowledgeandskillsourbrainsabsorbduringthedayandtheoftenstrangeimaginingstheygenerateatnight.Scientistshavefoundthatdreamingaboutataskwe’velearnedimprovesperformanceinthatactivity(suggestingthatthere’ssometruthtothepopularideathatwe’re“getting”aforeignlanguageoncewebegindreaminginit).What’smore,dreamingmaybeanessentialpartofunderstanding,organizingandretainingwhatwelearn.Whilewesleep,researchindicates,thebrainreplaysthepatternsofactivityitexperiencedduringwakinghours,allowingustoenterwhatonepsychologistcallsaneural(神經(jīng)的)virtualreality.Avividexampleofsuchreplaycanbeseeninavideoresearchersmaderecentlyaboutsleepdisorders.Theytaughtaseriesofdancemovestopatientssufferingfromsleepwalkingandrelatedconditions.Theythenvideotapedthesubjectsastheyslept.Lyinginbed,eyesclosed,onefemalepatientonthetapeperformsthedancemovesshelearnedearlier.Thisshowsthatwhileourbodiesareatrest,ourbrainsaredrawingwhat’simportantfromtheinformationandeventswe’verecentlyencountered,thenintegratingthatmaterialintothevaststoreofwhatwealreadyknow.Ina2010study,researchersreportedthatcollegestudentswhodreamedaboutacomputermaze(迷宮)tasktheyhadlearnedshoweda10-foldimprovementintheirabilitytofindtheirwaythroughthemazecomparedwithparticipantswhodidnotdreamaboutthetask.Thatstudy’schiefresearcherHerbertSmithsuggestedthatstudyingrightbeforebedtimeortakinganapfollowingastudysessionintheafternoonmightincreasetheprobabilityofdreamingaboutthematerial.Thinkaboutthatasyougotosleeptonight.12.Whathappenswhenoneentersadreamstate?A.Thebodycontinuestoactasifthesleeperwereawake.B.Theneuralactivityofthebrainwillbecomeintensified.C.Thebrainonceagainexperiencesthelearningactivitiesoftheday.D.Thebrainbehavesasifitwereplayingavirtualrealityvideogame.13.Whatdoesthebraindowhilewearesleeping?A.Itreplacesoldinformationwithnewmaterial.B.Itprocessesandabsorbsnewlyacquiredinformation.C.Itregroupsinformationandplacesitindifferentfiles.D.Itsystematizesalltheinformationcollectedduringtheday.14.HowcanlearningbeenhancedaccordingtoHerbertSmith?A.Stayinguplatebeforefinallygoingtobed.B.Havingaperiodofsleeprightafterstudying.C.Havingadreamaboutanythingyouareinterestedin.D.Thinkingaboutthechancesofdreamingaboutthematerial.15.Whatistheresearchdiscussedinthepassagemainlyabout?A.Howstudyaffectspeople’sdreams.B.Whypeoplelearnmoreaftersleeping.C.Whattimestudentsshouldstudyandsleep.D.Howdreamingmayleadtoimprovedlearningoutcomes.【答案】12.C13.B14.B15.D【解析】本文是一篇說明文?！叭沼兴?，夜有所夢”能讓你學習更好。本文通過講述一項研究闡述了做夢如何讓你的學習效果得到提高。【12題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Whilewesleep,researchindicates,thebrainreplaysthepatternsofactivityitexperiencedduringwakinghours,allowingustoenterwhatonepsychologistcallsaneural(神經(jīng)的)virtualreality.(研究表明，當我們睡覺的時候，大腦會回放它在清醒時間所經(jīng)歷的活動模式，讓我們進入一位心理學家所說的神經(jīng)虛擬現(xiàn)實)”，句子中的“thebrainreplaysthepatternsofactivityitexperiencedduringwaking