高考英語語法專題練習(xí)及答案

第第#頁共17頁高考英語語法專題練習(xí)及答案高考英語語法專題練習(xí)：I.單句語法填空（情態(tài)動詞、虛擬語氣）（2022合肥高三質(zhì)量檢測）TheplayersfromGuangzhouEvergrandeFootballClubhavebeendoingverywellrecently,sothey winthefinalmatch.答案：should解析：考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：廣州恒大足球俱樂部的運動員最近表現(xiàn)一直很好，所以按道理說他們應(yīng)該能贏得決賽。根據(jù)句意可知，此處用情態(tài)動詞should表示一種預(yù)期，常譯為按道理說應(yīng)該。（2022山東濰坊高三聯(lián)考）Oneofourrulesisthatnostudents carrymobilephoneswhiletakinganexam.答案：shall解析：考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：我們的一項規(guī)定是，學(xué)生參加考試時禁止帶手機。shall用于第二、三人稱，表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、威脅、許諾等。（2022福建四地六校高三聯(lián)考）CouldIsurftheInterfortwentymoreminutes,MumOh,dear,ifyou .答案：must解析：考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：媽媽，我能再上20分鐘的網(wǎng)嗎噢，親愛的，如果你一定要的話，那好吧。ifyoumust（表示雖不贊同但允許）如果你一定要，符合語境。（2022湖南五市十校高三聯(lián)合檢測）Youneedtotakeabreakfromallthishardwork.Remember:nothing makeupforthelossofyourhealth.答案：can解析：考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：在辛苦工作之后你需要好好休息一下。請記住沒有什么能彌補你失去的健康。（2022沈陽高中質(zhì)量監(jiān)測）Wecantimaginethattwochildren bekilledbythewashingmachineoftheirhouse!答案：should解析：考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：我們無法想象兩個孩子竟會被她們家里的洗衣機殺死。should可表示說話人的特殊情感，如驚奇、憤怒、失望等。Dayslater,Itriedtogetmysistertotellmewhatwasgoingon，butshe sayanything.答案：wouldnt解析：考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：幾天后，我設(shè)法讓姐姐告訴我發(fā)生了什么，但她什么都不肯說。Look!Therearesomanymistakesinyourposition.You havefixedfullattentiononit.答案：should解析：考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：看!你的作文里有那么多的錯誤。你本應(yīng)該把所有的注意力都集中在它上面的。表示本應(yīng)該做但實際上沒有做應(yīng)該用shouldhavedone結(jié)構(gòu)。(2022杭州高考科目教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測)Thevoluntaryservicesavedyouasumofmoneythatyouotherwise (spend)ontheagencyresponsibleforfindingyourpets.答案：wouldhavespent解析：考查虛擬語氣。句意：本來你要花一大筆錢給負責(zé)幫你找寵物的那家機構(gòu)的，(但)這個志愿者服務(wù)機構(gòu)幫你省下了這筆錢。根據(jù)主句的時態(tài)和句中的otherwise判斷，這里表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè)，定語從句中用wouldhavedone表示本來要做某事。You neverworktoohardinlearningalanguage.Thatswhatittakestolearnalanguagewell.答案：can解析：考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：學(xué)習(xí)一門語言時你再努力也不為過，那是學(xué)好一門語言所必需的東西。cant(cannever)...too...再也不為過，符合語境及句子結(jié)構(gòu)，故選B。（2022成都高中畢業(yè)班診斷性檢測）YoutalksomuchaboutLondon.You havebeenthere.Yeah,Iwentsightseeingonatourlastsummer.答案：must解析：考查情態(tài)動詞。根據(jù)youtalksomuchaboutLondon.可知，空處應(yīng)表示對過去事實的肯定推測，因此用musthavedone。can表示推測時常用于否定句或疑問句。（2022山東濰坊高三聯(lián)考）HowaboutyourtriptoHawaiiWonderful!I haveenjoyedmyselfmore.答案：couldnt解析：考查情態(tài)動詞。根據(jù)Wonderful可知，此處意為我不可能過得比那更愉快了，暗指當時過得最愉快。cant/couldnt...+比較級可表達最高級含義。（2022福建福州高三質(zhì)量檢測）Whatifyou （forget）tosendallessaywithyourapplicationIwouldhavebeenrejected.答案：hadforgotten解析：考查虛擬語氣。句意：如果你在寄申請的時候忘記發(fā)送一篇論文會怎么樣我會被拒絕的。根據(jù)答語可知，問句表示對過去事實相反的假設(shè)，故應(yīng)用過去完成時。Theconstantriseofmeatpricerequiresthateffectivemeasures (take)bythegovernment.答案：betaken解析：考查虛擬語氣。句意：肉價的持續(xù)上漲要求政府采取有效措施。require后的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣，betaken前省略了should。(2022北京海淀區(qū)高三期末)Butforthemistakeshemade,LiMing (pass)theentranceexamlastyear.答案：wouldhavepassed解析：考查虛擬語氣。句意：李明要不是在去年的入學(xué)考試中犯了那些錯誤，他原本可以通過考試的。由Butfor和made可知，這里表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè)，謂語應(yīng)用wouldhave+過去分詞。(2022北京東城區(qū)高三檢測)DoyouliketheschoolYeah.Ionlywishtheclasses (be)alittlesmaller.答案：were解析：考查虛擬語氣。句意：你喜歡這個學(xué)校嗎是的。我只希望我們的班級小一些。在wish后的賓語從句中，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣，此處表示對現(xiàn)在情況的一種假設(shè)，謂語動詞要用過去式。II.閱讀理解(人物故事類+社會文化類)(2022屆高三大聯(lián)考一)(CNN)-Shetraveledtheworldwithherhusbandfor22monthswithoutmajortrouble,butamonthafterreturningtotheUnitedStates,LeanneHechtBeardenismissingaftershewentforawalk.AsearchisunderwayinTexas,northeastofSanAntonio,fortheDenverwomanwhotookawalkalmostaweekagoandhasnotreturnedtoherresidencewheresheandherhusband,Josh,werestaying.Bearden,33,wentmissingFridayintheearlyafternoon,andpoliceareencouragingthepublictoprovideanyinformation.Whilefamilyandfriendssaypoliceareengagedinthiscaseandarebeingdiligentintheirefforts，theyhavedecidedtotakethesearchintotheirownhandsandhavehiredprivatehelicopterstohelplookforBearden.Herbrother,MichaelHecht,toldCNNtwohelicopterssearchedfornearlythreehoursThursdayfollowinggroundsearchestheprevioustwodays.BeardenandherhusbandJoshhadjustreturnedtotheUnitedStatesinDecemberafterspendingnearlytwoyearstravelingaroundtheworld.Theydocumentedtheirjourneyinablog.SheandherhusbandoffouryearsweresupposedtoflytotheirhomeinDenveronTuesdaytoresumejobsearches.MichaelHechtsaiduponreturningtotheUnitedStatesthecouplehadspentashorttimeinGeorgia,thenwenttoTexasforafewweekstovisitJoshsfamily.HesaidtheywereworkingtofindjobsinDenver,wherethecouplewasmarriedandhadsettled.Herpoorhusbandisjustdevastated，saidMichaelHecht.JoshBeardentoldCNN,Sheleftonherownfreewill.Thatiswhatshedid.Thatisabsolutelytrue,butwhathappenedaftersheleftthehouseonherownfreewillIdontknow.GardenRidgepolicehavesentoutaMissingPersonAlert.GardenpolicesaidaformalsearchinthemunitywilloccuronSaturday..AfterLeanneBeardenwaslost .thepolicegotsomeinformationfromthepublicthehusbandturnedtothepoliceforhelptimelythepolicesenthelicopterstosearchforherthehusbandaskedhisbrothertohuntforher.Accordingtothethirdandfourthparagraphswecanknowthat .thecoupleprefersnothingtotravellingthecoupledecidedtosettleinTexasthecouplehavegotjobsinDenverthecouplehavebeenmarriedfor4years.WhichcantaketheplaceoftheunderlinedworddevastatedA.Astonished.B.Disappointed.C.Crushed.D.Abandoned.4.WhatdoesJoshthinkofhiswifesmissingHiswifewaslostonlybyaccident.Hiswifelefthomevoluntarily.HiswifewastiredofthelifeinTexas.HiswifehasgonetoDenverforjobs.答案：1.B解析：細節(jié)推斷題。依據(jù)文章第一、二段可知，LeanneBearden走失后不久，她的家人就開始尋找，第三段的警方加入表明他的丈夫給警方報告了妻子失蹤的事件。故選B項。.D解析：細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第三段的Sheandherhusbandoffouryearsweresupposedto...可知，這對夫婦結(jié)婚四年了。故選D項。.C解析：詞義猜測題。文中的MichaelHecht在描述妹夫當時的情況，因為妻子走失，丈夫心中一定是非常著急，幾天尋找無果的狀態(tài)一定令他感到心情崩潰。故選C項。.B解析：細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段的Sheleftonherownfreewill.Thatiswhatshedid.可知，妻子是自愿離開這里的。故選B項。BWASHINGTON-WhatwillthecitiesofthefuturelooklikeThatwasthechallengeaddressedby40,000middleschoolstudentsfrom1,350schoolsacrosstheU.S.inanannualpetitiontodesigntheurbanlandscapeoftomorrow.ThirtyseventeamsmadethefinalsandtraveledtoWashington,D.C.,todefendtheirideasbeforethejudgesattheFutureCitypetition.Theannualcontestaimstodirectyoungpeopletowardcareersinscienceandtechnology.Thestudentsbuilttabletopscalemodelsoftheirdesignsusingrecycledmaterials,costingnomorethan$100.Theteamsalsohadtowriteessaysabouttheirsolutions,explaintheirideastothecrowdandanswerthequestionsaskedbyasixmemberexpertgroup.UrbantransportationThisyearsthemewasurbantransportation-anincreasinglyimportantissuefortheworldscities.EighthgradersfromthesouthernstateofGeorgia-DavidStraub,KatherineBarriandRebeccaNorth-imaginedtheircityfarintothefuture.Straubsaidtheypredictedthatpublictransportwouldbeeffortlessandecofriendly.YoungteenspeteLeilaMezza,OhaHassanandMousaSeidfromHouston,Texas,imaginedacityinBrazilin2084,withtransportrelyingonelectriccars.TheFutureCitypetition,nowinits22ndyear,ismainlyfocusedonyoungteens.BecauseatthatageintheUnitedStates,theyhavetoelectthemathcourses,theadvancedmathcourses.Iftheyarentatthatage,theywillneverbeanengineer.Thegrandprizeof$7,500wenttoSt.JohnLutheranSchoolinMichigan.TheteammemberswonatriptoU.S.SpaceC.Eveniftheydidntwin,theexperienceofworkingonanengineeringprojecthasencouragedmanyofthekidstothinkaboutacareerinscienceandtechnology.OneofthemisEricSwylerfromNewMexico,whosaid,Iplantobeeascientistofsomekind,butImnotsureexactlywhatkind..HowmanyteamstookpartinthefinalpetitionA.1,350.B.40,000.C.37.D.6..WhatsthepurposeofholdingtheannualcontestA.Toleadteenstocareersinscienceandtechnology.B.Tochoosetheexcellentteenagerstoworkinscience.C.Tofindthebetterdesignsofbuildingfuturecities.D.Tofindoutwhatthecitiesofthefuturelooklike..WhichteamwonthegrandprizeoftheFutureCitypetitionA.AschoolteamfromNewMexico..AteamfromHouston,Texas.C.AteamfromthesouthernstateofGeorgia.D.St.JohnLutheranSchoolinMichigan..WhatcanbeinferredfromthepassageA.Themathcoursesareveryimportanttobeanengineer.ThewinnersofthegrandprizewonatriptoBritishSpaceC.C.ThestudentsattheFutureCitypetitionwereallfromNewYork.D.Publictransportisbeingeffortlessandecofriendlynow.答案：本文是一篇說明文。介紹了學(xué)校的學(xué)生們所設(shè)計的未來的城市。.C解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Thirtyseventeams,madethefinalsandtraveledtoWashington，D.C.，todefendtheirideasbeforethejudgesattheFutureCitypetition.可知，答案為C項。.A解析：目的意圖題。根據(jù)第二段的首句Theannualcontestaimstodirectyoungpeopletowardcareersinscienceandtechnology.可知，舉辦每年比賽的目的就是指導(dǎo)青少年通向科學(xué)和技術(shù)上的事業(yè)。故選A項。.D解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的Thegrandprizeof$7,500wenttoSt.JohnLutheranSchoolinMichigan.可知，該題選D項。.A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的BecauseatthatageintheUnitedStates,theyhavetoelectthemathcourses…theywillneverbeanengineer.可知，數(shù)學(xué)對于想成為一個工程師來說是非常重要的。故A項正確。.七選五FishFisheinallkindsofshapes,sizesandcolors.Theyfirstappearedintheoceansoftheearthabout500millionyearsago.Todaytherearetensofthousandsofdifferentkindsoffishandnewspeciesarediscoveredeveryyear.Wherefishlive__1__Theypreferablyliveinareaswherewarmandcoldcurrents（水流）meet.Andabout40%offishspeciesareinfreshwater.Someofthemliveintheclearwaterofriverswhileothersprefermuddypondwater.Afewtypesoffishcanswiminbothsaltandfreshwater.SensesFishhaveorgansthattellthemwhatishappeninginthewateraroundthem.Theycanseeleftandrightatthesametime.Theynotonlycanhearsoundsinthewaterbutcanalsosensesoundsthathappenonthesurface.__2__BodiesoffishFishhavenoneck.Theheadandthebodyarebined.Mostfishareshapedlikecigarssothattheycantravelveryquickly.Fisharecold-blooded.__3__Theskinofmostfishismadeoutofaspecialslipperysubstance（物質(zhì)）.Fishbreatheoxygenfromthewatertheylivein.__4__Fishwereamongthefirstanimalshuntedbyprimitive（原始的）humanbeings.Millionsofpeopleallovertheworlddependonfishasamainformofnutrition.Inmanycoastalcountries,suchasJapanorNorway,peopledependonfishingtomakealiving.__5__Theyeatotherseaanimalsandareeatenbyotherseacreatures,thuskeepingupthebalanceofnature.DangerstofishTheimportanceoffishFishareapartofthefoodchain.Mostoftheworldsfishliveinsaltwater.Theirbodytemperaturechangeswiththeirsurroundings.Fisharealsoendangeredbypollutionoftheworldsoceans.Fishcanalsofeelwatermovements,thusfeelingthedangersthatapproachthem.2. 3. 4. 5. 答案：1.D2.G3.E4.B5.CW.語法填空OnThursdayMrs.Clarkelockedthedoorandwe