高中人教英語選修七學(xué)案：unit2robotsPeriodThree

PeriodThreeGrammar&Writing復(fù)習(xí)被動語態(tài)(I)語法感知I.用所給動詞的正確形式填空Theystillhavemanydifficultiestoovercome(overcome).Ishallbeinvited(invite)tovisittheircountrybeforelong.Afriendofminereturnedtohishouseafteraholiday,onlytofindithadbeenbroken(break)into.—Haveyouhandedinyourschoolworkyet?—Yes,Ihave.Iguessitisbeinggraded(grade)now.Arethereanymoreletterstobeposted(post)?II.完成句子Anotewaspasseduptothespeaker.有人給講演者遞上一張紙條。Apowerstationhasbeensetupintheirhometown.他們的家鄉(xiāng)建立了一座發(fā)電站。Hedidn'texpectthebooktobereceivedsowell.他沒想到這本書會受到如此熱烈的歡迎。MysecondboywillbesenttoschoolnextSeptember.明年九月我將送我次子去讀書。Ineverthoughtthattheinformationwouldbebroughttomesoearly.我沒想到他那么早就會把資料帶給我了。語法精析語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式,它表示主語和謂語的關(guān)系。語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。如果主語是動作的執(zhí)行者,或者說動作是由主語完成的,要用主動語態(tài)；如果主語是動作的承受者,或者說動作不是由主語而是由其他人完成的,則用被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成是：助動詞be+動詞過去分詞。一、各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動語態(tài)1.各種時(shí)態(tài)的主、被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/doesam/is/are+done一般將來時(shí)will/shall+dowill/shallbe+done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+doingam/is/are+being+done一般過去時(shí)was/were/didwas/were+done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+donehave/has+been+done過去完成時(shí)had+donehad+been+done過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+doingwas/were+being+done情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+do情態(tài)動詞+be+done2．注意事項(xiàng)“be+過去分詞”并非都是被動語態(tài)，系動詞be,feel,seem,look等詞后面的過去分詞已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞，作表語用，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示某種狀態(tài)。I’minterestedinmathematics.我對數(shù)學(xué)感興趣。Heseemsunsatisfiedwithhiswork.他似乎對自己的工作不滿意?！癵et+過去分詞”也表被動。Wegotseparatedwhenweenteredthebighall.我們進(jìn)入大廳時(shí)被沖散了。(3)某些情況用主動語態(tài)來表示被動含義。read,write,act,iron,burn,cut,draw,drive,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,cook,lock,shut,dry,eat,drink等動詞，用來說明主語的性質(zhì)特征而不強(qiáng)調(diào)被執(zhí)行者的動作時(shí)，用主動形式表達(dá)被動意義，且常與not,hardly,well,easily,badly,nicely等副詞連用。Thedoordoesn’topeneasily.門不容易打開。Bikesofthatkindsellwell.那種自行車好賣。(4)不能用于被動語態(tài)的及物動詞或動詞短語：fit,have,wish,cost,agreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto等。Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.這把鑰匙只適合于這把鎖。Yourstoryagreeswithwhathasalreadybeenheard.你的故事與聽說的相符合。[題組訓(xùn)練1]用所給動詞的正確形式填空(1)Ihavetogotoworkbytaxibecausemycarisbeingrepaired(repair)atthegarage.(2)—GeorgeandLucygotmarriedlastweek.Didyougototheirwedding?—No,Ihadn'tbeeninvited(invite).Didtheyhaveabigwedding?(3)—Thewindowisdirty.—Iknow.Ithasn'tbeencleaned(clean)forweeks.(4)ThisisoneoftheoldesttemplesinChina.Itdates(date)backtothe9thcentury.(5)—Puttheseglassesawaybeforetheygetbroken(break).—OK.I’llputtheminthecupboard.(6)—Whataboutthebooks?—Booksofthiskindsell(sell)well.(7)Theflowersweresolovelythattheyweresold(sell)outinnotime.(8)Mymoneyisrunning(run)out.ImustgotothebanktodrawsomeofmysavingsoutbeforeI’venoneinhand.二、不定式的被動形式動詞不定式具有動詞特點(diǎn)，可以有自己的賓語和狀語，還有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)特征。當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是其動作的承受者時(shí)，不定式一般要用被動形式。1．不定式被動形式的構(gòu)成形式結(jié)構(gòu)意義一般式tobedone和謂語動詞同時(shí)發(fā)生或在謂語動詞之后發(fā)生完成式tohavebeendone發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前2.用法(1)作主語It'sapitytobekeptinthehouseinsuchfineweather.在這樣的好天氣里被關(guān)在家里真是遺憾。(2)作賓語Theboyaskedtobegivenanopportunitytotryagain.那男孩要求再給他一次嘗試的機(jī)會。(3)作表語Herdreamistobesenttostudyabroad.她的夢想是被派往國外留學(xué)。(4)作賓語補(bǔ)足語或主語補(bǔ)足語Thecaptainorderedtheflagtoberaised.船長命令升旗。ThebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintoFrench.據(jù)說這本書已被譯成了法語。(5)作定語Therewereplanstobemadeatonce.要立即制訂計(jì)劃。Hewasthelastonetobeaskedtospeakatthemeeting.他是最后一個(gè)在會上被邀請發(fā)言的人。(6)作狀語Hismotherleftthesmallvillage，nevertobeseenagain.他母親離開了那個(gè)小山村，再也沒人見過她。I’dlikemybedroomtobecleaned.我想整理一下我的臥室。[題組訓(xùn)練2]用所給動詞的正確形式填空(1)Georgereturnedafterthewar,onlytobetold(tell)thathiswifehadlefthim.(2)We'vehadagoodstart,butnext,moreworkneedstobedone(do)toachievethefinalsuccess.(3)It'simportantforthefigurestobeupdated(update)regularly.(4)Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodforthechildren,butitremainstobeseen(see)whethertheywillenjoyit.(5)—Areyougoingtoattendtheimportantmeetingtobeheld(hold)nextMonday?—No,unlessinvitedto.3．不定式的主動表被動用法(1)動詞不定式在名詞后面作定語,不定式和名詞之間有動賓關(guān)系時(shí),又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系,這時(shí)要用不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。Hehasafamilytosupport.(tosupport與family是動賓關(guān)系，與he是主謂關(guān)系。)他要維持一個(gè)家庭。注意：若句子的主語不是不定式的邏輯主語時(shí)，不定式要用被動式。I'llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?(不定式的被動語態(tài)作定語，you不是post動作的執(zhí)行者。)我要去郵局，你有信要寄嗎？(2)在某些“形容詞＋不定式”作表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語的結(jié)構(gòu)中,句子的主語或賓語又是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語時(shí)，這時(shí)常用不定式的主動形式表達(dá)被動意義。這些形容詞有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。Thatquestionisdifficulttoanswer.那個(gè)問題不容易回答。

⑶在therebe…句型中，當(dāng)動詞不定式修飾名詞作定語時(shí)，不定式用主動式作定語，重點(diǎn)在人；用被動形式作定語，重點(diǎn)在物。Thereisnotimetolose/tobelost.(用tolose可看成forustolose；用tobelost,誰losetime不明確。)沒有可以失去的時(shí)間了。[題組訓(xùn)練3]用所給動詞的正確形式填空(1)Theoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening，happytowatch(watch)anythingthathappenedtobeon.(2)ThedifferenceinthicknessandweightfromtheearlierversionmakestheiPad2morecomfortabletohold(hold).高考鏈接I.用所給動詞的正確形式填空Itisreportedthataspacestationwillbebuilt(build)onthemooninyearstocome.(2015?安徽)Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,noagreementhasbeenreached(reach)sofarbythetwosides.(2015?天津)TaiChiiscalled(call)“shadowboxing”inEnglish.(2014?遼寧)Weweretold(tell)thatourroomshadn'tbeenreservedforthatweek,butfortheweekafter.(2014?廣東)Unlesssomeextramoneyisfound(find),thetheatrewillclose.(2014?大綱全國)AMidsummerNight'sDreamopens(open)attheTheatreRoyalon19thJune,andthentoursthroughoutScotland.(2013?重慶)Theairporttobecompleted(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.(2013?四川)Thismachineisveryeasytooperate(operate).Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.(2012?遼寧)II.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)1.Lotsofstudieshavebeenshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriousproblem.(2015?全國I,短文改錯(cuò))2.TeainChinawastraditionallydrankdrunk2.TeainChinawastraditionallydrankdrunkfromcupswithouthandles.use

used（2013?新課標(biāo)全國n,短文改錯(cuò)use

used3．NowmyfriendAnn，togetherwithme，isgoingtodofieldstudyandthefindingswillbeasmaterialsforourresearch.（2012?重慶，短文改錯(cuò)）Sciencefictiongenre：imaginativewriting【寫作指導(dǎo)】現(xiàn)代社會，科技迅猛發(fā)展，各種新事物層出不窮。我們禁不住會想象未來生活的樣子。對未來生活的描述屬于記敘文，以描寫為主。寫好想象性作文，要做到以下幾點(diǎn)：1．觀察生活，表現(xiàn)生活。想象不是胡編亂造的，要源于生活實(shí)際。只有熟悉生活，仔細(xì)觀察生活，才能有想象的原材料。2．明確中心，展開想象。動筆寫想象性作文之前先要明確中心，即寫作目的。在這個(gè)基礎(chǔ)上列好提綱，寫出主題句。寫主題句時(shí)要注意：一個(gè)段落只能有一個(gè)主題句：主題句的范圍必須最大限度地縮小、具體化；盡可能選擇準(zhǔn)確、充分、檔次高的關(guān)鍵詞概括自己的觀點(diǎn)和看法。3．想象美好，立意深刻。想象性作文必須要有一個(gè)“美好”的中心思想。如果只是瞎編一個(gè)熱鬧離奇的故事，就失去了想象的意義。4.語言規(guī)范、地道。選用自己熟悉的詞匯和句型來組織語言進(jìn)行表達(dá)，如will,probably,possibly，maybe，likely，may，might，could，would，It’spossible/probable/likelythat...等都是該種作文中常會用到的?！境Ｓ镁涫健?Whefuture..Withthedevelopmentofscienceand...,ourlifewillbesurely...nthefuturemoreandmore...willappear..Mostpeoplethinkthatthelifeinthefuturewill....Manwillhavetofindanotherplanettoliveon,and....ThisisthelifethatIamlookingforwardto.【典例展示】最近，你班舉行了一個(gè)以“WhatWilltheFutureBeLike?”為題的討論會，請你寫一篇短文來反映討論結(jié)果。有人說未來科學(xué)更發(fā)達(dá)，交通更方便，人的壽命更長，生活水平更高。有人說未來自然資源更少，可耕地銳減，環(huán)境污染更嚴(yán)重，交通事故更多。你的看法應(yīng)著重保護(hù)自然資源，減少環(huán)境污染?！就瓿煞段摹縒hatWilltheFutureBeLike?Recentlyourclasshasheldadiscussiononwhatthefuturewillbelike.（寫出主題句）Somestudentsthinkthatinthefuturescience2.willbemoreadvanced,andtransportation3.willbemoreconvenient.Andwhat,smore,people4.willlivemuchlongerandtheleveloftheirlivingconditions5.willbebetter.However,somestudentsthinkthatinthefuturenaturalresources6.willfurtherdecreaseandtheenvironmentalpollution7.willbemoreserious.8.Therealsowillbelessfarmlandandmoretrafficaccidents..Inmyopinion/AsfarasI,mconcerned,we