2021屆山東新高考英語(yǔ)二輪高頻考點(diǎn)解密14閱讀理解之推理判斷題（學(xué)生版）

解密14閱讀理解之推理判斷題

，既考點(diǎn)詳解

推理判斷題屬于主觀題，是層次較高的設(shè)題。它包括判斷和推理題。這兩類(lèi)題常常相互依存，推理是

為了得出正確的判斷，正確的判斷又依賴(lài)于合乎邏輯的推理。推理題要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)

上，做出一定判斷和推論，從而得到文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理題所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中某一句

話，也可是某幾句話，但做題的指導(dǎo)思想都是以文字信息為依據(jù)，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根據(jù)的

推理，也不能根據(jù)表面文字信息做多步推理。所以，推理題的答案只能是根據(jù)原文表面文字信息一步推出

的答案：即對(duì)原文某一句話或某幾句話所作的同義改寫(xiě)(paraphrase)或綜合。常見(jiàn)的題干有：

1.Itcanbeinfenedfromthetextthat...

2.Wecanconcludethat...

3.Whenthewritertalksabout...,whathereallymeansisthat...

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

從歷年的高考閱讀理解題分析來(lái)看，推理判斷題所占的比例大概在7%-10%,一般可以歸納為五大題型：

細(xì)節(jié)推斷題、因果推斷題、人物性格、預(yù)測(cè)想象推理題和寫(xiě)作意圖推測(cè)題。下面就這五大類(lèi)型的題目進(jìn)行

剖析：

題型一細(xì)節(jié)推斷題：

常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)方式：

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassage/textthat.

Theauthormainlysuggeststhat

Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat

Thewriterimpliesbutnotdirectlystates

Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutnewspapers?

細(xì)節(jié)判斷題屬于深層理解題，要求根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容，推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)。做此類(lèi)題目關(guān)鍵是要正確把握文章

的內(nèi)在關(guān)系，理解文章的真正含義，要忠實(shí)于原文，千萬(wàn)不能主觀臆斷，隨意揣測(cè)，更不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)

代替作者的觀點(diǎn)。

干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)：

1.文章中直接用于表達(dá)細(xì)節(jié)的信息

2.文章中無(wú)關(guān)緊要或片面推出的結(jié)論

3.與文章內(nèi)容完全相反的結(jié)論

4.不合常理或不合邏輯的結(jié)論等。

解題技巧

1.要全面分析所有相關(guān)信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面結(jié)論。

2.要忠實(shí)原文，切忌脫離原文，憑空臆斷。

3.注意不要選擇表層信息答案，應(yīng)該立足由已知推斷未知。

日典例劇折

（2020?全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷ILD）

Ihaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanremember.Iwasalwaysan

enthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileother

kidsplayedballorwenttoparties,IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.

MyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.ItwasadreamjobandIdideverything

fromshelvingbookstoreadingtothechildrenforstorytime.

AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihad

severalchildrenandbookswereourmainsource（來(lái)源）ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgoto

thelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.

Ialwaysread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoiceandtheylovedit!It

wasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks.

Now,IseemychildrentakingtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementofgoingtothelibrary

livesonformgenerationtogeneration.

Asanovelist,Tvefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhen

theycan'taffordtopurchaseabook.Iseelibrariesasasafehaven（避風(fēng)港）forreadersandwriters,abridgethathelps

puttogetherareaderwithabook.Libraries,intheirownway,helpfightbookpiracy（盜版行為）and1thinkall

writersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibrary

announcementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.

32.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor5srelationshipwithbooksasachild?

A.Cooperative.B.Uneasy.C.Inseparable.D.Casual.

【答案】

32.C

【解析】

本文是夾敘夾議文。文章講述了作者是一個(gè)熱情的讀者，孩提時(shí)熱衷讀書(shū)，第一份工作在圖書(shū)館。有了孩

子以后，一家人去圖書(shū)館讀書(shū)，閱讀的習(xí)慣代代傳承下去。作為小說(shuō)家，作者呼吁其他作家支持圖書(shū)館，

宣傳圖書(shū)館。

32.

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasa

child.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties.Ilivedoutadventuresthroughthe

booksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary」我一直是一個(gè)熱情的讀者，孩提時(shí)，有時(shí)候每天讀多達(dá)三本書(shū)。故事對(duì)

我來(lái)說(shuō)就像空氣，而其他孩子則打球或參加聚會(huì)。我通過(guò)從圖書(shū)館借閱來(lái)的書(shū)籍經(jīng)歷冒險(xiǎn)）可推斷，作者小

時(shí)候與書(shū)是密不可分的。故選C。

題型二預(yù)測(cè)推斷題：

常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)方式：

Whatdoyouthinkwillhappenwhen/if...?

Attheendofthispassage,thewritermightcontinuetowrite.

Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybeabout.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsismostlikelytobetalkedaboutinthefollowingparagraph?

有些內(nèi)容文章中沒(méi)有明確說(shuō)明，這就要求考生根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容，對(duì)事件可能的結(jié)局或下一段可能涉及的

內(nèi)容等進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)、推斷。作這類(lèi)題時(shí)考生應(yīng)準(zhǔn)確把握作者的寫(xiě)作思路，從而作出比較準(zhǔn)確的、合情合理的

猜測(cè)。

解題技巧

做這類(lèi)題時(shí)應(yīng)把握作者的寫(xiě)作思路（如

文章可能按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過(guò)描寫(xiě)，也

可能按因果關(guān)系、對(duì)比關(guān)系來(lái)敘述），

從而做出比較科學(xué)的、合情合理的預(yù)

測(cè)。

典例倒折

In1971wewerelivinginWichita,Kansas-Lincolnwasaboutseven,BrendanwasthreeandKristenwasa

baby.Momwasstayingwithusduringtheholidays.OnChristmasEveIstayedupverylate.Iwastotallyalone

withmythoughts,alternatingbetweenjoyandsorrow,andIgottothinkaboutmypaperroute（送報(bào)）,thattree,

whatmymotherhadsaidtomeandhowdadhadtriedtomakethingsbetter.

IheardanoiseinthekitchenanddiscoveredthatitwasMom.Shecouldn'tsleepeitherandhadgottenupto

makeherselfacupofhotteawhichmadeherfeelbetter.Asshewaitedfbrthewatertoboil,shewalkedintothe

livingroomanddiscoveredmethere.ShesawmyopenBibleandaskedmewhatIwasreading.WhenItoldher,

sheaskedifIwouldreadittoherandIdid.

Whenthekettlebegantowhistle,shewentandmadehertea.Shecameback.ItoldherhowhappyIwasthat

shewaswithusforChristmasandhowIwishedthatDadcouldhavelivedtoseehisgrandchildrenandtoenjoy

thistimebecausehealwayslovedChristmassomuch.Shewentveryquietforamomentandthenshesaid,"Doyou

rememberthattimeonTwelveMileRoadwhenyouboughtthattreewithyourpaperroutemoney?'1

"YesJIsaid,'Tvejustbeenthinkingaboutityouknow.”

Shehesitatedforalongmoment,asthoughsomethingwasbottledupsodeeplyinsidehersoulthatitmight

takecouragetogetitout.Finally,greattearsrolleddownherfaceandshecried,MOh,son,pleaseforgiveme.That

timeandthatChristmashavebeenaburdenonmyheartfbrtwenty-fiveyears.IwishyourdadwereheresoIcould

tellhimhowsorryIamfbrwhatIsaid.”

1.Howmanychildrendidtheauthorhave?

A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four*.

2.Whatdowelearnabouttheauthor'sfather?

A.Helivedwiththeauthor.

B.Helovedhisgrandsons.

C.Helovedhiswifedeeply.

D.Hehadpassedaway.

3.Whycouldn'ttheauthor'smotherfallasleep?

A.Becausesheneededtocareforthechildren.

B.Becausesherememberedthepreviousthing.

C.Becauseshewantedtheauthortoreadforher.

D.Becauseshewasunwillingtolivewiththeauthor.

4.Whatislikelytobedescribedinthenextparagraph?

A.HowtheywouldcelebratetheChristmas.

B.Howtheauthor'sfathersupportedthefamily.

C.Whathappenedtotheauthor'sparentsinthepast.

D.Thereasonfortheauthor'sparents'divorce.

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。我和三個(gè)孩子以及我的母親居住在?起。圣誕前夜，我熬夜未睡，意外

發(fā)現(xiàn)母親也未入睡，當(dāng)我們回憶往事時(shí)，她失聲痛哭。

1.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句中的"Lincolnwasaboutseven,BrendanwasthreeandKristenwas

ababy”可知，作者有三個(gè)孩子，故C項(xiàng)正確。

2.D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的"andhowIwishedthatDadcouldhavelivedtoseehisgrandchildren"

可推知，作者的父親已經(jīng)去世，故D項(xiàng)正確。

3.B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Finally,greattearsrolleddownherfaceandshecried,'...Thattime

andthatChristmashavebeenaburdenonmyheartfortwenty-fiveyears.IwishyourdadwereheresoIcould

tellhimhowsorryIamforwhatIsaid.'"uj知,母親想起了以前圣誕節(jié)的事，對(duì)自己所做的事感到難過(guò)，因此

無(wú)法入眠，故B項(xiàng)正確。本題也可用排除法解題。A項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)在文中未提及,C項(xiàng)是文中的內(nèi)容,但并不

是作者母親無(wú)法入睡的原因。

4.C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段母親所說(shuō)的話"ThattimeandthatChristmashavebeenaburdenonmy

heartfortwenty-fiveyears.IwishyourdadwereheresoIcouldtellhimhowsorryIamforwhatIsaid”可推

知，母親想起了以前圣誕節(jié)的事,對(duì)自己所做的事感到難過(guò);據(jù)此可以判斷，下文將敘述發(fā)生在作者父母身

上的故事，故C項(xiàng)正確。

題型三文章來(lái)源或讀者對(duì)象題：

常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)方式：

Thispassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin.

Thepassageisprobablytakenoutof.

Whereisthepassagemostlikelyfrom?

文章來(lái)源或讀者對(duì)象推斷題要求考生具備一定的常識(shí)。因此考生本身要對(duì)報(bào)紙、雜志、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、科普知

識(shí)、小說(shuō)、童話、廣告、教材、說(shuō)明書(shū)、旅游指南、操作指南等有基本的了解，這樣才能在做題時(shí)根據(jù)文

章的特點(diǎn)選出答案。

典例制折

（2020■全國(guó)新高考C）

Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,

physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistan

towriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.

Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongthe

GhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsof

liveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,

andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglish

inCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.

ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.In

Samarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolice

methodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral（葬禮）followedbyastrange

drinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfrom

thesea.

MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawell-roundedpicture

ofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.MisjudgmentandreferencesaredecidedlyAmerican,aswellashisdelicate

stomach.Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook,orevenapieceofreportage.Whateveritis,

theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.

8.WhatmadeMrBissellreturntoUzbekistan?

A.Hisfriends*invitation.B.Hisinterestinthecountry.

C.Hisloveforteaching.D.Hisdesiretoregainhealth.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that”inparagraph2referto?

A.Developingaseriousmentaldisease.

B.TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.

C.WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.

D.WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.

10.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMrBissell'sroadtripinUzbekistan?

A.Romantic.B.Eventful.C.Pleasant.D.Dangerous.

11.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?

A.Tointroduceabook.B.Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.

C.Torememberawriter.D.Torecommendatraveldestination.

【答案】

8.B9.D10.B11.A

【解析】

本文是記敘文。文章講述了Bissell寫(xiě)的《追逐大海:迷失在中亞帝國(guó)的幽靈》這本書(shū)。這本書(shū)是Bissell在烏

茲別克斯坦做志愿者后寫(xiě)的，是對(duì)烏茲別克斯坦人生活的一個(gè)快速觀察。

8.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的"Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowritean

articleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAraSea”可知，幾年后，Bissell仍然被這個(gè)國(guó)家所吸引。他回到烏茲別克

斯坦寫(xiě)了一篇關(guān)于咸海消失的文章。因此推斷出對(duì)這個(gè)國(guó)家的興趣讓Bissell先生再次返回烏茲別克斯坦。

故選Bo

9.

詞句猜測(cè)題。劃線句是第二段首句，由譏用來(lái)指代上文提的事情，因此推斷ihal指代第一段的內(nèi)容，根據(jù)笫

一段最后一句"Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthe

disappearanceoftheAralSea（幾年后，仍然被這個(gè)國(guó)家所吸引。他回到烏茲別克斯坦寫(xiě)了一篇關(guān)于咸海消失

的文章）''可知，that指代寫(xiě)了一篇關(guān)于死海消失的文章這件事，故選D。

10.

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoits

darkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahe

getsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral（葬

禮）followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesand

fishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.”可知，在烏茲別克斯坦的旅途中，MrBissell既體會(huì)到了友善和溫暖，

也看到了社會(huì)的黑暗面。在撒馬爾罕，MrBissell欣賞到了的建筑奇觀。在前往布哈拉的路上，他因?yàn)楸粦?/p>

疑進(jìn)行毒品交易，他嘗到r警察的伎倆。在費(fèi)爾干納，他參加了一個(gè)山區(qū)葬禮，然后參加了一個(gè)奇怪的酒

會(huì)。在卡拉卡爾帕克斯坦，他為沙塵暴、疾病和被困在數(shù)英里外的漁船而難過(guò)。由此可知，在旅途中，他

經(jīng)歷了很多事情。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，B選項(xiàng)（充滿事件的，多事的）可以表達(dá)此意。故選B。

U.

推理判斷題。文章第一段提到書(shū)的作者的烏茲別克斯坦之行，引出他寫(xiě)的書(shū)，接下來(lái)三段講述了他的書(shū)《追

逐大海:迷失在中亞帝國(guó)的幽靈》的故事內(nèi)容，是烏茲別克斯坦生活的一個(gè)快速觀察。因此推斷本文的寫(xiě)作

目的是介紹一本書(shū)。故選A。

題型四寫(xiě)作意圖推斷題：

常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)方式：

Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthorwritingthetext?

Thepurposeofthetextistogetmorepeopleto.

Thewriterofthestorywantstotellusthat.

Thefact...ismentionedbytheauthortoshow.

Theauthorwritersthelastparagraphinorderto.

寫(xiě)作意圖推斷題要求考生根據(jù)文章的論述，揣測(cè)作者的寫(xiě)作意圖及作者運(yùn)用某種寫(xiě)作手法的目的。作

者一般不直接表明自己的意圖，而是通過(guò)文章所提供的事實(shí)，客觀地使讀者信服某種想法或觀點(diǎn)。這種題

型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同時(shí)還要具備對(duì)作者闡述問(wèn)題的方法進(jìn)行分析和歸納總結(jié)的能力。

一般來(lái)說(shuō)，我們可以通過(guò)分析文章的文體特點(diǎn)，理解作者的詞句選擇和識(shí)別文章的語(yǔ)氣來(lái)推斷出作者

的寫(xiě)作意圖。

典例制新

（2020?全國(guó)卷1?C）

Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingto

fewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.

Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympicsisthe

50-kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.Butthesport'srulesrequirethatarace

walker'skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact（接觸）withthegroundatall

times.It'sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,an

assistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.

Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays,Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkers

movingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories（卡路里）perhour,whichisapproximatelytwice

asmanyastheywouldbumwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormore

caloriesperhour.

However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,Dr.Norbergsays.Accordingtoher

research,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep,whileracewalkers,whodonot

leavetheground,createonlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep.

Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner'sknee,areuncommonamong

racewalkers.Butthesport'sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewitha

historyofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalking

shouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.Ittakessomepractice.

28.Whyareracewalkersconditionedathletes?

A.Theymustrunlongdistances.

B.Theyarequalifiedforthemarathon.

C.Theyhavetofollowspecialrules.

D.Theyaregoodatswingingtheirlegs.

29.Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?

A.IfsmorepopularattheOlympics.

B.It'slesschallengingphysically.

C.It'smoreeffectiveinbodybuilding.

D.It'slesslikelytocausekneeinjuries.

30.WhatisDr.Norberg'ssuggestionforsomeonetryingracewalking?

A.Gettingexperts9opinions.

B.Havingamedicalcheckup.

C.Hiringanexperiencedcoach.

D.Doingregularexercises.

31.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor'sattitudetoracewalking?

A.Skeptical.B.Objective.

C.Tolerant.D.Conservative.

【答案】

28.C29.D30.A31.B

【解析】

這是一篇說(shuō)明文。短文介紹了競(jìng)走相比跑步有諸多的優(yōu)勢(shì)，但是之前受過(guò)傷的人，要想從事這樣運(yùn)動(dòng)要謹(jǐn)

慎，最好咨詢(xún)專(zhuān)家的建議。

28.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Butthesporfsrulesrequirethataracewalker'skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthe

legswingandonefootremainincontactwiththegroundatalltimes.”可知，但這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的規(guī)則要求競(jìng)走者的膝

蓋在擺動(dòng)腿的大部分時(shí)間保持伸直，一只腳始終與地面接觸。由此可知，競(jìng)走運(yùn)動(dòng)員是需要具備某些條件

的運(yùn)動(dòng)員是因?yàn)檫\(yùn)動(dòng)員需要遵守特殊的規(guī)則。故選C項(xiàng)。

29.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段"Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner's

knee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.”可知，一些與跑步有關(guān)的損傷，比如跑步者的膝蓋，在競(jìng)走者中并

不常見(jiàn)。由此可知，競(jìng)走與跑步相比的優(yōu)勢(shì)是不太可能導(dǎo)致膝蓋受傷。故選D項(xiàng)。

30.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Dr.Norberg說(shuō)的話“Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirst

consultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique(事實(shí)上，任何想嘗試競(jìng)走的人都應(yīng)該首先咨詢(xún)教

練或有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的競(jìng)走運(yùn)動(dòng)員，學(xué)習(xí)適當(dāng)?shù)募记?。戶可知，Dr.Norberg建議想嘗試競(jìng)走的人征詢(xún)專(zhuān)家的建議。故

選A項(xiàng)。

31.

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemost

likelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.”可知,研究表明,競(jìng)走和跑步?樣

有很多健身益處，而且它還很少導(dǎo)致受傷。不過(guò)，它也有自己的問(wèn)題。由此判斷出作者對(duì)于競(jìng)走的態(tài)度是

客觀的。故選B項(xiàng)。

題型五人物性格、心情處境、態(tài)度及觀點(diǎn)等推斷題

高考閱讀測(cè)試中有些題目考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章作者的主導(dǎo)思想、被描寫(xiě)人物語(yǔ)氣、言談話語(yǔ)中流露的情緒、

性格傾向和作用或文中人物的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等方面的理解。做這一類(lèi)題時(shí)一定注意：

(1)由表及里地準(zhǔn)確把握字里行間的意思，切勿用自己的主觀想法或觀點(diǎn)代替作者的思想觀點(diǎn)。

（2）特別注意那些描寫(xiě)環(huán)境氣氛的語(yǔ)言，以及表達(dá)感情，態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)。要特別注意作者在文章中

的措辭，尤其是感情色彩的形容詞。

（3）能結(jié)合自己平時(shí)積累的有關(guān)英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的文化傳統(tǒng)、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等背景知識(shí)來(lái)識(shí)別評(píng)價(jià)。

干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)：

1.是自己的某種看法或觀點(diǎn)

2.是社會(huì)的一種普遍種傾向

3.是與本文無(wú)關(guān)或與作者相反的觀點(diǎn)或看法等

解題技巧：

1.問(wèn)全文主體事物的（包括主題），可以根據(jù)闡述主題或有關(guān)主體事物的相關(guān)句中表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞、

副詞或動(dòng)詞確定作者的態(tài)度；

2.如果問(wèn)的是對(duì)某一具體事物的態(tài)度，則可以定位到具體相關(guān)句，然后確定答案。

日翼例劇折

（2020?新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷川?B）

When“RiseofthePlanetoftheApes“wasfirstshowntothepubliclastmonth,agroupofexcitedanimal

activistsgatheredonHollywoodBoulevard.Buttheyweren'ttheretothrowredpaintonfur-coat-wearingfilmstars.

Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:"Thanksfor

notusingrealapes（猿）!”

Thecreativeteambehind“Apes”usedmotion-capture（動(dòng)作捕捉）technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,

spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatrecordsanactor'sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwith

computergraphicstocreateafinalimage（圖像）.Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.

Yet"Apes"ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveanimalslately.Onenonprofit

organization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentofanimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabsonmorethan2,000

productionsthisyear.Already,anumberoffilms,including“WaterforElephants,“"TheHangoverPartII”and

t<Zookeeper,^^havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven'tbeentreatedproperly.

Insomecases,ifsnotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it'sthe

off-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.Andtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutside

theStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheStates.

24.WhydidtheanimalactivistsgatheronHollywoodBoulevard?

A.Toseefamousfilmstars.

B.Toopposewearingfurcoats.

C.Toraisemoneyforanimalprotection.

D.Toexpressthankstosomefilmmakers.

25.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?

A.Thecostofmaking"Apes.”

B.Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.

C.Thepublicityabout“Apes.”

D.Theperformanceofrealapes.

26.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“keepingtabson”inparagraph3probablymean?

A.Listingcompletely.

B.Directingprofessionally.

C.Promotingsuccessfully.

D.Watchingcarefully.

27.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphaboutanimalactors?

A.Theymaybebadlytreated.

B.Theyshouldtakefurthertraining.

C.Theycouldbetradedillegally

D.Theywouldlosepopularity.

【答案】

24.D25.B26.D27.A

【解析】

這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。短文報(bào)道了電影“猩球崛起”上個(gè)月首次與公眾見(jiàn)面。動(dòng)物愛(ài)好者聚集在好萊塢前，

感謝電影制作者，在電影拍攝時(shí)，沒(méi)有使用真的類(lèi)人猿?，F(xiàn)在的動(dòng)物拍攝使用的是數(shù)字化人猿的創(chuàng)造技術(shù),

而一些電影的拍攝卻存在著虐地動(dòng)物的現(xiàn)象，這讓一個(gè)非盈利的組織密切關(guān)注此事。但有些拍攝也是不能

夠被監(jiān)測(cè)到的。

24.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段uInstead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraising

thefilmmakers:"Thanksfornotusingrealapes”可知，相反，一名身穿全套猴服的活動(dòng)人士來(lái)到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，手里

拿著一塊牌子，稱(chēng)贊電影制作人：“感謝你們不用真正的猿猴。所以動(dòng)物保護(hù)者聚集在好萊塢大道是為了向

電影制作者表示感謝。故選D項(xiàng)。

25.

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Thecreativeteambehind"Apes"usedmolion-c叩ture（動(dòng)作捕捉）technologytocreate

digitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythat1recordsanactor*sperformanceandlater

processesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage（［^^）.”可知，“人猿”背后的創(chuàng)作團(tuán)隊(duì)利用動(dòng)作捕

捉技術(shù)創(chuàng)造數(shù)字化的動(dòng)物，在記錄演員表演的技術(shù)上，花費(fèi)數(shù)千萬(wàn)美元，然后用電腦圖形處理，以產(chǎn)生最

終的影像。由此可知，第二段主要是關(guān)于數(shù)字化人猿的創(chuàng)造。故選B項(xiàng)。

26.

詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段劃線前的句子uOnenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentoranimalsin

filmedentertainment（一個(gè)非營(yíng)利組織，監(jiān)控動(dòng)物在電影娛樂(lè)中的待遇）以及下文Already,anumberoffilms,

including"WaterforElephants,"MTheHangoverPartII°and"ZookeeperJhavedrawntheangerofactivistswho

saythecreaturesactinginthemhaventbeentreatedproperly.（許多電影，包括“大象的眼淚"，"宿醉II”和

“管理員”，引起了動(dòng)物保護(hù)人士的憤怒，他們說(shuō)影片中的動(dòng)物沒(méi)有遭到很好的對(duì)待。）由此可知，其中-

家監(jiān)控動(dòng)物待遇的非營(yíng)利組織，今年正密切關(guān)注著2000多部影片。由此判斷出，劃線詞的意思是“密切關(guān)

注”。故選D項(xiàng)。

27.

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Insomecases,it*snotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathas

activistsworried;it'stheoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.Andtherearequestions

aboutthefilmsmadeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedinthe

Sates."（在某些情況下，讓活動(dòng)人士擔(dān)心的并不是電影棚里對(duì)動(dòng)物的待遇;讓人擔(dān)憂的是訓(xùn)練和生活條件。

還有一些關(guān)于在美國(guó)以外拍攝的電影的問(wèn)題，這些電影有時(shí)不像在美國(guó)拍攝的電影那樣受到嚴(yán)密的監(jiān)控。）

可知，在某些情況下，讓活動(dòng)人士擔(dān)心的并不是工作室里動(dòng)物的待遇;令人擔(dān)憂的是訓(xùn)練和生活條件。由此

判斷出動(dòng)物演員可能受到虐待。故選A項(xiàng)。

檢測(cè)訓(xùn)練

*

L

題組一真題在線

Passage1（2020?新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷II?C）

Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,fur

probablydidn'tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion（時(shí)裝）enthusiastsaretryingtobringbackthe

marketforfurmadefromnutria（海貍鼠）.

UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhave（showcased）nutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferent

styles."Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlands

everyyear”,saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.

ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.Someofthefurendsupin

thefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.

NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild."Theecosystemdownthere

can5thandlethisnon-nativespecies（物種）.It'sdestroyingtheenvironment.It9sthemorus."saysMichaelMassimi,

anexpertinthisfield.

Thefurtradekeptnutriacheckfbrdecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,the

cat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.

BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesaysit'snoteasytoconvince

peoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.Huntersbringinmorethan300,000nutriatailsayear,so

partofMouton'sjobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur.

Thenthere'sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashion.ModelPaigeMorgansays,“Togivepeopleaguilt-free

optionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem-1thinkthat'sgoingtobeamassivething,atleast

hereinNewYork.^^DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusing

nutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.Shetryingtocomeupwithatabletoattachtonutriafashionsto

showitiseco-friendly.

28.WhatisthepurposeofthefashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklyn?

A.Topromoteguilt-freefur.

B.Toexpandthefashionmarket.

C.Tointroduceanewbrand.

D.Tocelebrateawinterholiday.

29.Whyarescientistsconcernedaboutnutria?

A.Nutriadamagetheecosystemseriously.

B.Nutriaareanendangeredspecies.

C.Nutriahurtlocalcat-sizedanimals.

D.Nutriaareillegallyhunted.

30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collapsed“inparagraph5probablymean?

A.Boomed.B.Becamemature.C.Remainedstable.D.Crashed.

31.WhatcanweinferaboufwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?

A.Ifsformal.B.It'srisky.C.It'sharmful.D.Ifstraditional.

Passage2（2020?浙江卷?A）

Iamanactiveplaygoerandplay-reader,andperhapsmybestreasonforeditingthisbookisahopeofsharing

myenthusiasmforthetheaterwithothers.TodothisIhavesearchedthroughdozensofplaystofindtheonesthatI

thinkbestshowthepowerandpurposeoftheshortplay.

Eachplayhasathemeorcentralideawhichtheplaywright（劇作家）hopestogetacrossthroughdialogueand

action.Afewcharactersareusedtocreateasingleimpressiongrowingoutofthetheme.Itisnotmyintentiontopoint

outthecentralthemeofeachoftheplaysinthiscollection,forthatwould,indeed,ruinthepleasureofreading,

discussing,andthinkingabouttheplaysandtheeffectivenessoftheplaywright.However,avarietyoftypesis

representedhere.Theseincludecomedy,satire,poignantdrama,historicalandregionaldrama.Toshowthe

versatility（多面性）oftheshortplay,Ihaveincludedaguidanceplay,aradioplayandatelevisionplay.

Amongthewritersoftheplaysinthiscollection,PaulGreen,SusanGlaspell,MaxwellAnderson,Thornton

Wilder,WilliamSaroyan,andTennesseeWilliamshaveallreceivedPulitzerPrizesfortheircontributionstothe

theater.Moreinformationabouttheplaywrightswillbefoundattheendofthisbook.

Togetthemostoutofreadingtheseplays,trytopicturetheplayonstage,withyou,thereader,intheaudience.

Thehouselightsdim（變暗）.Thecurtainsareabouttoopen,andinafewminutestheactionanddialoguewilltellyou

thestory.

21.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthorfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Hehaswrittendozensofplays.B.Hehasadeeploveforthetheater.

C.Heisaprofessionalstageactor.D.Helikesreadingshortplaystoothers.

22.Whatdoestheauthoravoiddoinginhiswork?

A.Statingtheplays'centralideas.B.Selectingworksbyfamousplaywrights.

C.Includingvarioustypesofplays.D.Offeringinformationontheplaywrights.

23.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowhilereadingtheplays?

A.Controltheirfeelings.B.Applytheiractingskills.

C.Usetheirimagination.D.Keeptheiraudienceinmin