小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)及練習(xí)

小學(xué)(xiǎoxué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)及練習(xí)第一頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。11.口訣(kǒujué)：我用am,你用are,is用在他她它，復(fù)數(shù)全用are。2.肯定句：IamSarah.Heisateacher.Sheisintheroom.Itisadog.Myhairislong.Wearefamily.Theyarefriends.Hereyesaresmall.

1.Be動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)的用法第二頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。23.否認(rèn)(fǒurèn)句：IamnotSarah.I'mnotSarah.Heisnotateacher.Sheisnotintheroom.Itisn'tadog.Myhairisn'tlong.Wearenotfamily.Theyarenotfriends.Hereyesaren'tsmall.4.一般疑問(wèn)句：AmISarah?Yes,youare.No,youaren't.IssheSarah?Yes,sheis.No,sheisn't.Aretheyfriends?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren't.Be動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)的用法第三頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。3用am,is,are填空(tiánkòng)1.I______aboy.______youaboy?No,I_____not.2.Where_____yourmother?She______athome.3.______yourbrotherintheclassroom?4.MikeandLiuTao______atschool.5.Themanwithbigeyes_______ateacher.6.Whosebook______this?7.______thesebooksSarah's?Be動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)的用法第四頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。41．人稱代詞主格和賓格的區(qū)別：主格通常位于句中第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞之前(zhīqián)，賓格一般位于動(dòng)詞或介詞之后。2．物主代詞形容詞性與名詞性的區(qū)別：形容詞性用時(shí)后面一般要帶上名詞，名詞性那么單獨(dú)使用，后面不帶名詞。2.人稱(rénchēng)代詞和物主代詞第五頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。5人稱代詞物主代詞主格（句首做主語(yǔ)）賓格（句尾做賓語(yǔ)）形容詞性（名首做主語(yǔ)）名詞性（句尾做賓語(yǔ)）Imemymineyouyouyouryourshehimhishissheherherhersitititsitsweusourourstheythemtheirtheirs人稱(rénchēng)代詞和物主代詞第六頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。6人稱代詞物主代詞主格（句首做主語(yǔ)）賓格（句尾做賓語(yǔ)）形容詞性（名首做主語(yǔ)）名詞性（句尾做賓語(yǔ)）Imineyourhisherititsweoursthemtheirs人稱(rénchēng)代詞和物主代詞第七頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。71.Isthis_______watch?(you)No,it'snot_______.(I)2.Thatisnot_________book.Thatbookisverysmall,but________isverybig.(I)3.Thebookis______.Giveitto______.(you)4.Ihaveabeautifulcat._________nameisMimi.Thesecakesare_________.(it)人稱(rénchēng)代詞和物主代詞第八頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。85.______ismybrother.________nameisJack.Look!Thosebooksare_________.(he)6._____sisterisill.Pleasegoandget_______.(she)7.Whereare_________?Ican'tfind________.Let'scall________parents.(they)______havealookatthatclassroom?Thatis_______classroom.(we)9.___don'tknowhername.Wouldyoutell___.(we)人稱(rénchēng)代詞和物主代詞第九頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。93.名詞復(fù)數(shù)(fùshù)規(guī)那么1．一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds2．以s.x.sh.ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,watch-watches.3.黑人，英雄(yīngxióng)，土豆，西紅柿變復(fù)數(shù)后面加es，其他以o結(jié)尾的單詞變復(fù)數(shù)后加s,如：photo-photos,hero-heroes,negro-negroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes.4．以“輔音字母y〞結(jié)尾，變y為i,再加-es，如：day-days,family-families.5．以“f或fe〞結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v,再加-es，如：knife-knives，leaf——leaves.第十頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。105．不規(guī)那么(nàme)名詞復(fù)數(shù)：man-men,woman-women,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teethfish-fish,deer-deer,sheep-sheep,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese.名詞(míngcí)復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)那么第十一頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。11練習(xí)(liànxí)：寫出以下各詞的復(fù)數(shù)book_________bag_______potato_________tomato_______photo_______box_________dress________bus__________peach________sandwich______dish_________tooth_________

名詞(míngcí)復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)那么第十二頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。12diary________day_________strawberry_____family________leaf_______knife_______tooth_________foot_________sheep_________people________man_________woman_______child_________deer_________Chinese_________Japanese_______名詞復(fù)數(shù)(fùshù)規(guī)那么第十三頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。134.動(dòng)詞三單的變化(biànhuà)規(guī)那么當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)〔he,she,it等〕時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需變成三單結(jié)構(gòu)。1．一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks.2．以s.x.sh.ch.o結(jié)尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses,wash-washes.3．以“輔音(fǔyīn)字母+y〞結(jié)尾，變y為i,再加-es，如：stay-stays,study-studies.4.have變成has,do變成does.第十四頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。14練習(xí)(liànxí):一、寫出以下動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)drink________

make________

look_________have_______

plant_______come________

go_______

watch______fly________

stay________

study_______

carry____

brush________

teach_______pass_______guess_______動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)三單的變化規(guī)那么第十五頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。15二、用括號(hào)(kuòhào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.2.SuHaiandSuYang_______(have)eightlessonsthisterm.3.Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishonSundays.4.She_______(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)三單的變化規(guī)那么第十六頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。16用括號(hào)(kuòhào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。5.LiuTao_______(play)sportsto_____(stay)healthy.Thechildoften6._______(fly)kitesonSundays.7.Mike_______(like)cooking.8.－Whatday_______(be)ittoday?－It'sSaturday.動(dòng)詞三單的變化(biànhuà)規(guī)那么第十七頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。171、therebe句型與have(has)的區(qū)別(qūbié)：therebe〔is，are〕表示在某地有某物〔或人〕，主語(yǔ)是某地；have(has)表示某人擁有某物，主語(yǔ)是某人。2、在therebe句型中，be動(dòng)詞的形式根據(jù)離be動(dòng)詞最近的那個(gè)名詞決定，如果是單數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用is;如果是復(fù)數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用are。Thereisabookandthreepens.Therearethreepensandabook.3.have,has：主語(yǔ)是第一、二人稱，或者復(fù)數(shù)，用have.主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)，用has。Ihaveabook.Hehasabook.5.Therebe句型(jùxínɡ)與have,has的區(qū)別第十八頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。185、否認(rèn)句，一般(yībān)疑問(wèn)句的區(qū)別：Thereisn'tabookandthreepens.Therearen'tthreepensandabook.Ihaven'tabook.Hehasn'tabook.Isthereabookandthreepens?Aretherethreepensandabook?Doyouhaveabook?Doeshehaveabook?6.Therebe句型(jùxínɡ)與have,has的區(qū)別第十九頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。196.肯定句中出現(xiàn)some或and，在否認(rèn)句或疑問(wèn)句中要分別變成any,or。7、針對(duì)數(shù)量提問(wèn)(tíwèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)句的根本結(jié)構(gòu)是：Howmany+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+arethere+介詞短語(yǔ)？Howmuch+不可數(shù)名詞+isthere+介詞短語(yǔ)？Therebe句型(jùxínɡ)與have,has的區(qū)別第二十頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。20練習(xí)(liànxí)：Fillintheblankwith“have,has〞or“thereis,thereare〞1.I________agoodfatherandagoodmother.2.Whatdoyou___________?3.They___________anicegarden.4._____________somemapsonthewall.5.______________amapoftheworldonthewall.Therebe句型(jùxínɡ)與have,has的區(qū)別第二十一頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。21練習(xí)(liànxí)：Fillintheblankwith“have,has〞or“thereis,thereare〞6.WhatdoesMike___________?7.Myparents_________astory-book.8.Howmanystudents____________intheclassroom?9.Howmuchwater____________onthedesk?Therebe句型(jùxínɡ)與have,has的區(qū)別第二十二頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。22一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功能1.表示事物或人物(rénwù)的特征、狀態(tài)。如：Theskyisblue.2.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如：Igetupatsixeveryday.3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成1.be動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ)+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：Iamaboy.2.行為動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞(+其它)。如：WestudyEnglish.3.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)(he,she,it)時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如：MarylikesChinese.6.一般(yībān)現(xiàn)在時(shí)第二十三頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。23一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的變化1.be動(dòng)詞的變化。否認(rèn)句：主語(yǔ)+be+not+其它(qítā)。如：Heisnotaworker.一般疑問(wèn)句：Be+主語(yǔ)+其它(qítā)。如：-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,I'mnot.特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句。如：Whereismybike?一般(yībān)現(xiàn)在時(shí)第二十四頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。242.行為動(dòng)詞的變化。否認(rèn)句：主語(yǔ)+don't(doesn't)+動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。如：Idon'tlikebread.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用doesn't構(gòu)成(gòuchéng)否認(rèn)句。如Hedoesn'toftenplay.一般疑問(wèn)句：Do(Does)+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。如：-Doyouoftenplayfootball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用does構(gòu)成(gòuchéng)一般疑問(wèn)句。如：-Doesshegotoworkbybike?-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't.特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句。如：Howdoesyourfathergotowork?一般(yībān)現(xiàn)在時(shí)第二十五頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。25一、用括號(hào)(kuòhào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.2.DanielandTommy_______(be)inClassOne.3.We_______(notwatch)TVonMonday.4.Nick_______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.5.______they________(like)theWorldCup?6.What_______theyoften_______(do)onSaturdays?7._______yourparents_______(read)newspaperseveryday?8.Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishonSundays.9.SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryevening.10.There________(be)somewaterinthebottle.一般(yībān)現(xiàn)在時(shí)第二十六頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。26二、按照要求改寫句子。1.DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.(改為否認(rèn)(fǒurèn)句)_________________________________________2.Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作肯定答復(fù))__________________________________________________________________________________3.Amylikesplayingcomputergames.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作否認(rèn)(fǒurèn)答復(fù))__________________________________________________________________________________一般(yībān)現(xiàn)在時(shí)第二十七頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。27對(duì)劃線局部(júbù)提問(wèn)。4.Johnliketakingphotosintheparkeverymorning._______________________________________________5.Johnliketakingphotosintheparkeverymorning._______________________________________________6.Johnliketakingphotosintheparkeverymorning._______________________________________________7.Johnliketakingphotosintheparkeverymorning._______________________________________________一般(yībān)現(xiàn)在時(shí)第二十八頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。28三、改錯(cuò)(ɡǎicuò)(劃出錯(cuò)誤的地方，將正確的寫在橫線上)1.IsyourbrotherspeakEnglish?________________________________2.Doeshelikesgoingfishing?__________________________________3.Helikesplaygamesafterclass._____________________________________4.Mr.WuteachsusEnglish._____________________________________5.Shedon’tdoherhomeworkonSundays._____________________________________一般(yībān)現(xiàn)在時(shí)第二十九頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。291．現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。2．現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句根本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動(dòng)詞ing。I'mreadingnow.Heisdoinghishomeworknow.3．現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)進(jìn)行時(shí)的否認(rèn)句在be后加not。Heisn'tdoinghishomeworknow.4．現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。Ishedoinghishomeworknow?5．現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)的根本結(jié)構(gòu)為：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞ing?Whatishedoingnow?但疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)其結(jié)構(gòu)為：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be+動(dòng)詞ing?Whoisreadingnow?7.現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)進(jìn)行時(shí)第三十頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。301．一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2．以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾(jiéwěi)，去e加ing，如：make-making,taste-tasting3．假設(shè)末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，如：run-running,stop-stopping動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)加ing的變化規(guī)那么第三十一頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。31一、寫出以下動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)的現(xiàn)在分詞：play________run__________swim________make_________go_________like________write________read________have_________sing________dance________put_________動(dòng)詞加ing的變化(biànhuà)規(guī)那么第三十二頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。32寫出以下(yǐxià)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：love_________live_______take_________come________get_________stop_________sit________begin________see________buy_________listen_______visit_______動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)加ing的變化規(guī)那么第三十三頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。33用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確(zhèngquè)形式填空：1.Theboy_________(draw)apicturenow.2.ListenSomegirls__________(sing)intheclassroom.3.Mymother_________(cook)somenicefoodnow.4.What_____you______(do)now?5.Look!They______(have)anEnglishlesson.現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)進(jìn)行時(shí)第三十四頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。346.They__________(not,water)theflowersnow.7.Look!Thegirls__________(dance)intheclassroom.8.Whatisourdaughterdoing?She_________(listen)tomusic.9.It's5o'clocknow.We__________(have)suppernow.10.______Helen______(wash)clothes?Yes,sheis.現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)進(jìn)行時(shí)第三十五頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。35一、一般將來(lái)時(shí)的概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、方案或準(zhǔn)備做某事。句中一般有以下(yǐxià)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon，thedayaftertomorrow〔后天〕等。二、根本結(jié)構(gòu)：①begoingto+do；②will+do.三、否認(rèn)句：在be動(dòng)詞〔am,is,are〕l后加not，變成amn't,isn't,aren't.或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will后加not變成won’t。例如：I’mgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.→I’mnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.四、一般疑問(wèn)句：be或will提到句首，some改為any,and改為or，第一二人稱互換。例如：Wearegoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend.→Areyougoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend?8.一般(yībān)將來(lái)時(shí)第三十六頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。36五、對(duì)劃線局部提問(wèn)：一般情況，一般將來(lái)時(shí)的對(duì)劃線局部有三種情況。1.問(wèn)人。Who例如：I’mgoingtoNewYorksoon.→Who’sgoingtoNewYorksoon？2.問(wèn)干什么(shénme)。What例如：MyfatherisgoingtowatchTVwithmethisafternoon.→Whatisyourfathergoingtodowithyouthisafternoon？3.問(wèn)什么(shénme)時(shí)候。When.例如：She’sgoingtogotobedatnine.→Whenisshegoingtobed?六、同義句：begoingto=willIamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow〔明天〕.=Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.一般(yībān)將來(lái)時(shí)第三十七頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。37練習(xí)：用begoingto和will分別填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_____________________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.或I________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.2.你媽媽這個(gè)周末(zhōumò)去購(gòu)物嗎？是，她要去買一些水果。_____yourmother_______________goshoppingthis___________?Yes,she_________.She________________________buysomefruit.或_____yourmothergoshoppingthis___________?Yes,she_________.She______buysomefruit.一般(yībān)將來(lái)時(shí)第三十八頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。38改句子(jùzi)：5.Sarahisgoingtogoshoping.〔改否認(rèn)〕Sarah________goingtogoshoping.6.I’llgoandjointhem.〔改否認(rèn)〕I_______go______jointhem.7.Wewillmeetatthebusstopat10:30.〔改一般疑問(wèn)句〕_______________meetatthebusstopat10:30?8.Sheisgoingtobuysomefruitsafterschool.〔對(duì)劃線局部提問(wèn)〕_______________she_________________________afterschool?一般(yībān)將來(lái)時(shí)第三十九頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。391．一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。一般過(guò)去時(shí)也表示過(guò)去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。2．Be動(dòng)詞在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中的變化：⑴am和is在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。〔wasnot=wasn't〕如：Iwasillyesterday.Iwasn'tillyesterday.⑵are在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere?！瞱erenot=weren't〕如：TheywereatBeijinglastmonth.Theyweren'tatBeijinglastmonth.⑶帶有was或were的句子(jùzi)，其否認(rèn)、疑問(wèn)的變化和is,am,are一樣，即否認(rèn)句在was或were后加not，一般疑問(wèn)句把was或were調(diào)到句首。如：Washeillyesterday?WeretheyatBeijinglastmonth?9.一般(yībān)過(guò)去時(shí)第四十頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。403．句中沒有be動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子否認(rèn)句：didn’t+動(dòng)詞原形(yuánxíng)，如：Jimdidn’tgohomeyesterday.一般疑問(wèn)句：在句首加did，句子中的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變回原形(yuánxíng)。如：DidJimgohomeyesterday?特殊疑問(wèn)句：⑴疑問(wèn)詞+did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形(yuánxíng)？如：WhatdidJimdoyesterday?⑵疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)：疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式？如：Whowenttohomeyesterday?一般(yībān)過(guò)去時(shí)第四十一頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。41動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)過(guò)去式變化規(guī)那么：1．一般在動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)末尾加-ed，如：look-looked,cook-cooked2．結(jié)尾是e的，直接加d，如：taste-tasted3．末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped,visit-visited.4．以“輔音字母+y〞結(jié)尾的，變y為i，再加-ed，如：study-studied,pay-payed.一般(yībān)過(guò)去時(shí)第四十二頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。425．不規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)過(guò)去式：am,is-was,are-were,do-did,have-had,go-went,say-said,get-got,see-saw,give-gave,come-came,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,make-made,sit-sat,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,speak-spoke,sweep-swept,swim-swam,put-put,read-read.一般(yībān)過(guò)去時(shí)第四十三頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。43過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)：寫出以下(yǐxià)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式is\am_________

are________

do________does_________

have________

go________say________

fly_______

put________plant________

play_______

drink_________make________dance________ask________worry________

eat__________taste_________

draw________pass_______

throw________kick_________

一般(yībān)過(guò)去時(shí)第四十四頁(yè)，共49頁(yè)。44Be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去(guòqù)時(shí)練習(xí)一、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.I______anEnglishteachernow.2.She_______happyyesterday.3.They_______gladtoseeeachotherlastmonth.4.HelenandNancy________goodfri