2021年中考英語：閱讀理解專練18(含答案及解析)

Passage1Theenvironmentisthefocusofpeopleinthewholeworld.Everyoneisresponsibleforprotectingtheenvironment.Asstudents,howcanwehelpprotecttheenvironment?★CleaningrubbishRubbishwillmaketheenvironmentworse.Don’tlitter!Youshouldtakethemoutwhenyougoout.Whenyouseerubbishsomewhere,suchasplaygroundandpark,youshouldpickthemupandtakethemaway.Remembertoputalltherubbishintothedustbin.★RecyclingDon’tthrowawaythepaperandbooksyouused.Youcanrecyclethemandsellthem,andthenusethemoneytobuythethingsyouneed.So,you’llkilltwobirdswithonestone.★Buyingreusable（可重復(fù)使用的）bagsDisposable（一?次性的）bagslikeplasticbagswillnotonlyincreasetheamountofgarbage,butalsocostyoumoremoney.Soyoushouldbuyseveralreusablebagsandtakeonewithyouforarainyday.★ProtectingplantsPlantsarearoundus,suchastrees,flowersandgrass.Theycanfreshtheair,absorb（吸收）harmfulgasesandbeautifytheenvironment.Especiallytreesandgrasscanpreventwindorwaterfromcarryingawaythesoil（土壤）.Ifyouleavethemathome,itwillmakeyouhappy.Sowehavetoprotectthembecausethey'rehumanguardians（衛(wèi)士）.★OrganizinganenvironmentalclubThroughallsortsofformsandactivities,youcanspreadtheknowledgeofenvironmentalprotection,warnpeopletocareaboutitandcallonthewholesocietytotakeanactivepartinit.Environmentalprotectionisdirectlyrelatedtohumansurvival（生存），soitisthemostimportanttosolvetheproblemofenvironmentalpollution.Onlyeveryone’sparticipationcancreateabeautifulgreenhome.（ ）1.Theunderlinedphrase“killtwobirdswithonestone”means inChinese.A.一舉兩得B.一石二鳥C.一應(yīng)俱全D.一箭雙雕（ ）2.“Arainday”inParagraph4actuallyrefersto“ ”.A.Badtime B.Realrain C.Suddenneed D.Poordays（ ）3.Wecanlearnthatplantsare fromthispassage.A.beautiful B.fresh C.green D.useful（ ）4.Thesoilwillrunawaywithout .A.windandwater B.waterandtreesC.flowersandgrass D.treesandgrass（ ）5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTrue?Theremayberubbishinthepark.Youhavetosellwhatyoudon’tuse.Flowersathomecanmakeyouhappy.Humansurvivaldependsontheenvironment.【答案】1?5ACDDB【解析】A詞義猜測題。第3段大意：出售你用過的紙和書，然后用這些錢買你需要的東西。由此可知：其一，回收紙和書可以防止環(huán)境污染；其二，出售紙和書的錢可以用來買需要的東西。這是兩種得益的事，所以畫線短語的意思是：一舉兩得。故選A。C分析判斷題。根據(jù)短文第4段中的Soyoushouldbuyseveralreusablebagsandtakeonewithyouforarainyday.可知，使用重復(fù)使用的袋子除了有利于環(huán)保外，外出帶上一個，在急需的時候也可以使用。由此可推斷出，“Arainday”實際上是指“Suddenneed"，即突然需要。故選C。D總結(jié)歸納題。短文第5段告訴我們：植物使空氣清新，吸收有害氣體，美化環(huán)境。樹和草可以防止水土流失……它們是人類的守護(hù)者。這些足以說明植物是很有用的。故選D。D事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)短文第5段中的Especiallytreesandgrasscanpreventwindorwaterfromcarryingawaythesoil.可知，沒有樹和草水土就會流失。故選B。B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。短文第3段只提到不要扔掉用過的紙和書，回收和用變賣它們得到的錢買需要的東西，并不是說你必須賣掉你不用的東西，所以B項說法錯誤。故選B。Passage2Therewillbemoreplasticthanfishintheworld’soceansby2050unlessmorerecyclingtakesplace.ThatiswhatanewreportfromtheWorldEconomicForumandEllenMacArthurFoundationwarned.Plastichasbecomeoneoftheworld’smostpopularmaterials.Accordingtothereport,nearly300milliontonsofplasticsareproducedeveryyearintheworld.Inthepast50years,theglobaluseofplasticshasincreased20times,andisexpectedtodoubleagaininthenext20years.Atleast8milliontonsofwasteplasticsarethrownintotheoceansaroundtheworldyearafteryear.Ofthose,236,000tonsareparticularlysmallpiecesofplasticsmallerthanlittleants.By2020,theamountofplasticintheoceanswillincreasetenfold（十倍）Oceanswillcontain（包含）onetonofplasticforeverythreetonsoffishby2025.Thismeansthatonegarbagetruckofplasticisdumpedintotheoceanseveryminute.Inthenearfuture,plasticwillweighmorethanfish.Unlikeothertypesofgarbageintheocean,plasticitselfdoesnotdisappear.Itisfoundintheoceanasfaras11kmdeep,meaningpiecesofbrokenplastichavecontaminated（污染）eventhemostremote（偏遠(yuǎn)的）placesonEarth.Scientistshavelongwarnedthatplasticsarekillingfish.Manykindsofsealifecan’tdistinguish（區(qū)分）plasticfromfood.Theyoftendieofhungerbecausetheycan’tdigestG肖化）plasticatall.Someexpertssaythebestwaytostopplasticfromenteringtheoceanistorecycleit.Inaddition,plasticshouldbeusedaslittleaspossible.（ ）1.By2025,theweightofplasticintheoceanwillaccountfor offish.A.threetimes B.nearlyhalf C.onethird D.greatpart（ ）2.Theunderlinedphrase“dumpedinto”means inChinese.倒進(jìn) B.流入 C.扔掉 D.丟棄( )3.Theunderlinedsentencetellsus .A.fishcan'teatplastic B.plasticisnotfoodC.fishhatesplastic D.plasticishard( )4.Wecanlearnthatplasticsintheoceanare tofishfromthispassage.A.dirty B.harmfulC.pollutedD.horrible( )5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTrue?A.Plasticsarewidelyusedintheworld.Thereismoreplasticintheoceanthanfish.Plasticintheoceancankillfish.Recyclingplasticisthebestway.【答案】1?5CADBB【解析】C分析判斷題。根據(jù)短文第2段中的Oceanswillcontainonetonofplasticforeverythreetonsoffishby2025.可知，到2025年，海洋中每三噸魚里含有一噸塑料。由此可知海洋中塑料的重量將占魚的三分之一。故選C。A詞義猜測題。分析畫線句子：這意味著每分鐘就有一垃圾車的塑料被 海里。由常識可知，塑料是被從車上被倒入海洋里的，所以畫線短語“dumpedinto”的意思是“倒進(jìn)”。故選A。D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。畫線句子意為：它們不能消化塑料。由此可推斷出不能消化是因為塑料是堅硬的。故選D。B分析理解題。塑料能殺死魚類，說明塑料對魚是有害的。故選B。B事實細(xì)節(jié)題。短文開頭指出：到2050年，世界上海洋中塑料的重量將超過魚類，而不是海洋里的塑料比魚多，所以B項說法錯誤。故選B。Passage3Asiswellknown,airpollutionbringsgreatthreat(威脅)tohumanbeings.Itnotonlyharmshealthbutalsoseriouslyaffectslivingenvironment.Asastudent,howtopreventairpollutionfromcausingharm??NolitteringWaste,suchasthethingsweusedandgarbage,causesallkindsofpollution.Theycangiveoffterribleandharmfulgases,whichdirectlyleadtoairpollutionanddogreatharmtous.Soweshouldtakethemoutandputtheminthedustbinorwastecollectionstation.?NospittingSpittingcanspreadalotofviruses(病毒)throughtheairandcauseairpollution.Itwillbringallkindsofdiseasestopeople.Spittingisarudebehavior,especiallyinpublicplaces.Soweshouldformagoodhabitofnotspittingeverywhere.?WearmaskswhengoingoutManyharmfulthingsareintheair.Theyenterthebodythroughtherespiratory1皿戊呼吸道)andcausedisease.Wearingamaskcaneffectivelypreventvirusesfrominvadingthehumanbody.Soremembertowearamaskeverytimeyougoout.?DealingwithhazeweatherHazeisakindofbadweather.Whenthereishaze,thereareover20kindsofdustparticles(塵埃顆粒)thatareharmfultohumanbody.Itcanalsodogreatharmtopeople.Sowemustwearmaskswhenwegooutorcutdowntravel.?IndoorplantingofgreenplantsPlantscannotonlyabsorb(吸收)harmfulgasestomaketheairfresh,butalsocreateabetterlivingenvironmentforus.Sowecanplantsomeplantsindoors,suchassmalltrees,flowersandgrass.Ibelievethatifwecandothesethingswell,wewillcertainlybefarawayfromtheharmofairpollution.( )1.It’s forustospitandlittereverywhere.A.dirty B.impolite C.harmful D.terrible( )2.Theunderlinedword“invading”means inChinese.A.侵入 B.進(jìn)犯 C.偷襲 D.傳染( )3.Whenyou’reoutside,youshould .A.takeawaythegarbage B.avoidpublicplacesC.payattentiontohaze D.wearamask( )4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTrue?A.Airpollutionisathreattohealth. B.Wasteshouldbeplacedproperly.C.Hazeisakindofharmfulgas. D.Plantsaregoodfortheenvironment.( )5.Thispassagemainlywarnsusto .A.payattentiontohealth B.protectyourselfC.preventairpollution D.controlairpollution【答案】1?5BADCC【解析】B信息提示題。短文第2段提到我們應(yīng)該把用過的東西和垃圾放進(jìn)垃圾箱或收集站，說明不能亂扔垃圾；第3段明顯提到隨地吐痰是一種粗魯?shù)男袨椤Ｋ哉f隨地吐痰和亂扔垃圾是粗魯?shù)模襥mpolite與rude同義。故選B。A詞義猜測題。分析本句：戴口罩能有效防止病毒 人體。前兩句提到空氣中有害的東西通過呼吸道進(jìn)入人體并引起疾病，由此可知戴口罩能有效防止病毒侵入人體。所以畫線單詞“invading”的意思是“侵入”。故選A。D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。短文第4段最后1句提到記得每次出門都戴口罩，所以說當(dāng)你在外面的時候，你應(yīng)該戴口罩，且outside或goout以不同形式表示“在外面”。故選D。C事實細(xì)節(jié)題。短文第5段標(biāo)題和第1句提到霧霾是一種惡劣天氣，而不是說霧霾是一種有害氣體，所以C項說法錯誤。故選C。C主旨大意題。本文介紹了五種防止空氣污染造成傷害的方法，且短文開頭以提問方式和短文結(jié)尾以總結(jié)方式都提及到本文的主旨是空氣污染的危害，所以本文主要警示我們預(yù)防空氣污染。故選C。Passage4Youprobablydon’tthinkmuchaboutlightanddark,butthereisnodoubtthatyouhaveexperiencedlightanddark.Infact,alongtimeago,peopleknewalotaboutlightanddark.Peoplecouldonlyworkduringtheday.Whenthesunwentdown,theylightedupwithcandlesoroillamps,butlightwasnotenough.Therewerenostreetlightsoutsideandtheonlylightcamefromthemoonandthestars.Peopleusuallywenttobedassoonaseveningcame,andthenwokeupearly.Thesunisthebiggestsource(來源)oflight.Itlightsupandwarmsthewholeworld.Sunlightmakesalllivingthingsfulloflife.Itnotonlymakesplantsgrowbutalsoanimalslive.Alllifeonearthwoulddiewithoutsunshine.Evenifwehavelightbulbs,candlesandflashlightstolightus,theycan'treplacesunlight.Wherethereisnolight,itwillbedark.Inthedark,peoplearealwaysafraidtogooutbecauseitmaybedangerous.However,onnicequietnightsmanypeopleliketolookupatthestarstwinklinginthesky,smellthelight行28^口??(香氣)offlowersandenjoylisteningtocicadasandcrickets.Someanimals,suchasbatsandfireflies(螢火蟲),restduringthedayandcomeoutatnightbecausetheycanseethingsclearlyinthedark.Besides,plantsonlybreatheatnight.Someofthemcanalsogrownormallyatnight,especiallythoseplantsthatonlybloom(開花)atnight,suchastheeveningprimrose(夜來香)andthewildrose.Darkandlightgoroundandbeginagain.Darkisasniceaslight.( )1.Wecanlearnthatlightanddarkare .A.simple B.unlike C.similar D.opposite( )2.Theunderlinedword“replace”means inChinese.A.代替 B.接替 C.交換 D.更換( )3.It’sdangeroustogooutatnightbecause .peopleneedflashlightstherewerenostreetlightsoutsidepeoplecan’tseetheroadclearlyitistoodarktoseeanything( )4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTrue?Candlesoroillampscanbeusedtolightup.Plantsdon’tgrowduringthenight.Animalsandplantswilldiewithoutsunshine.Batsandfirefliesalwayscomeoutatnight.( )5.Thispassagemainlytalksabout .A.lifescience B.spacegeographyC.naturalscience D.livingthings【答案】1?5DADBC【解析】D分析理解題。光亮與黑暗兩者表達(dá)的意思是相反的，是一對反義詞。故選D。A詞義猜測題。本段提到了太陽光的作用和能發(fā)光的電燈泡、蠟燭和手電筒，后者是沒有太陽光這種作用的，即不能代替太陽光，所以畫線單詞“replace”的意思是“代替”。故選A。D分析理解題。根據(jù)第3段開頭兩句可知，人們總是害怕在黑暗的晚上外出，是因為這很危險，所以晚上出去很危險是因為天太黑看不到任何東西。故選D。B事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第3段最后兩句可知，植物只有在夜晚才有呼吸作用，它們中的一些在夜晚也能正常生長，而不是在夜間植物不生長，所以B項說法錯誤。故選B。C主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了光亮和黑暗與人和動植物之間的關(guān)系，所以本文主要談?wù)摰氖亲匀豢茖W(xué)。故選C。Passage5根據(jù)表格信息，從各題所給的四個選項中，選出一個最佳答案。。ENGLISHEVENINGByStudents'Union,EnglishDepartment7PMSaturday,Jan.20,Room612MeetingHallPROGRAMMSSongsDancesStoriesPlaysPleaseg