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2022年吉林省白山市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________
一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.
Humanresponsetostressisindividual.
A.YB.NC.NG
2.
Hannahtaughthersonmuchabout______.
3.
Rangachari'sstudycaughttheattentionofIndiangovernment.
A.YB.NC.NG
4.
TheHolocenePeriodisalsoknownas______.
5.
Hayfoundthatparentsoftwinstendtofavorthefirst-bornbaby,givingthattwinmoretimeandattention.Evenwhentheystartschool,thefirst-borntwindoesbetterthanthesecond-born.
A.YB.NC.NG
6.Ifyouwanttoanswerthe12questionshonestly,youshouldknowwhatmakesyounotblindlyblameyourdepartmentfor______.
7.
Bodypartsthatgatherfatarecompletelydifferentinmaleandfemale.
A.YB.NC.NG
8.
AnawardofanyIPrightsshouldconsiderthebalancebetweenthecreator'sinterestandthatoftheotherindividuals'.
A.YB.NC.NG
9.Whenyougotoacompanyforaninterview,thereisnoneedtocarethefeelingsofthereceptionists.
10.
CatherineFredmanwasnotworriedaboutpayingMr.Fredman's______.
11.
Organicfoodisnotnecessarilybetterthanconventionalfoodintermsofnutrition,safetyortaste.
A.YB.NC.NG
12.
TheprevioustitleforDrChanis______.
13.
Accordingtotheauthor,foreachprojectweshouldsetonlyone______inordernotetincreasethepressure.
14.
Thenumberofwomensmokersstartedtoincreasegreatlyduring______.
15.
Peoplefrequentlysufferingfromsleeprestrictiontendto______.
A.livelonger
B.losemuchweight
C.eatlessfood
D.growanxiousanddepressed
16.Do'sandTaboos:CulturalAspectsofInternationalBusiness
—ByM.KatherineGlover
Understandingandheedingculturalvariablesisoneofthemostsignificantaspectsofbeingsuccessfulinanyinternationalbusinessendeavor.Alackoffamiliaritywiththebusinesspractices,socialcustoms,andetiquetteofacountrycanweakenacompany'spositioninthemarket,preventitfromaccomplishingitsobjectives,andultimatelyleadtofailure.
Asbusinesshasbecomeincreasinglyinternationalandcommunicationstechnologycontinuestodevelop,theneedforclearlyunderstoodcommunicationbetweenmembersofdifferentculturesisevenmorecrucial.
Growingcompetitionforinternationalmarketsisanotherreasonthatcompaniesmustconsiderculturaldistinctions.AsSecretaryofCommerceRobertMosbacherindicated,"Americancompanieshavetorelyonallavailabletacticsforwinningintheglobalmarketplacetoday.Learninginternationalbusinessdiplomacyshouldbethefirststeptheytake."
Customsvarywidelyfromonecountrytoanother.Somethingwithonemeaninginoneareamaymeantheoppositesomewhereelse.Someoftheculturaldistinctionsthatfirmsmostoftenfaceincludedifferencesinbusinessstyles,attitudestowardsdevelopmentofbusinessrelationships,attitudestowardspunctuality,negotiatingstyles,gift-givingcustoms,greetings,significanceofgestures,meaningsofcolorsandnumbers,andcustomsregardingtitles.
Americanfirmsmustpaycloseattentiontodifferentstylesofdoingbusinessandthedegreeofimportanceplacedondevelopingbusinessrelationships.Insomecountries,businesspeoplehaveaverydirectstyle,whileinotherstheyaremuchmoresubtleinstyle.ManynationalitiesvaluethepersonalrelationshipmorethanmostAmericansdoinbusiness.Inthesecountries,long-termrelationshipsbasedontrustarenecessaryfordoingbusiness.ManyU.S.firmsmakethemistakeofrushingintobusinessdiscussionsand"comingontoostrong"insteadofnurturingtherelationshipfirst.AccordingtoRogerAxtellinhisbookDo'sandTaboosofHostingInternationalVisitors,"Thereismuchmoretobusinessthanjustbusinessinmanypartsoftheworld.Socializing,friendships,etiquette,grace,andpatienceareintegralpartsofbusiness.Jumpingrightintobusinessdiscussionsbeforeaget-acquaintedinterludecanbeabadmistake."
CharlesFord,CommercialAttach6inGuatemala,citesthisculturaldistinctionasthegreatestdifferencebetweentheAmericanandGuatemalanstylesofdoingbusiness.TheinexperiencedAmericanvisitor,heclaims,oftentriestoforceabusinessrelationship.Theabrupt"alwayswatchingtheclock"style.rarelyworksinGuatemala.Abetterinformedbusinessexecutivewould,headvises,engageinsmalltalkaboutGuatemala,indicateaninterestinthefamiliesofhisorherbusinessassociates,jointhemforlunchordinner,andgenerallyallowtimeforapersonalrelationshiptodevelop.SolidbusinessopportunitiesusuallyfollowastrongpersonalrelationshipinGuatemala.ThisholdstrueforLatinAmericaingeneral;
BuildingapersonalrapportisalsoimportantwhendoingbusinessinGreece,accordingtoSondraSnowdon,PresidentofSnowdon'sInternationalProtocol,Inc.,afirmthattrainsandpreparesexecutivesincross-culturalcommunications.Businessentertainingisusuallydoneintheeveningatalocaltaverna(咖啡廳),andspousesareoftenincluded.Therelaxedatmosphereisimportanttobuildingabusinessrelationshipbasedonfriendship.
Belgians,however,aretheopposite,Snowdonsays.Theyarelikelytogetdowntobusinessrightawayandareusual
A.YB.NC.NG
17.
In2025,halfoftoday'spopulationwillbeinshortageofwater.
A.YB.NC.NG
18.
Whetheritisadvantageoustoapplyingearlydependsuponthe______.
19.
Accordingtotheauthor,wecanalwaysfindsatisfactionin______.
A.tryingtomaketheworldabetterplace
B.fulfillingourlong-cherisheddreams
C.acceptingthegoodandevilsidesoftheworld
D.standinguptothechallengesoftheworld
20.
______areappliedinconventionalfarmingforweedcontrol.
二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.
【B9】
22.(29)
A.Differencesbetweenpeoplewillgraduallydisappear.
B.Differencesbetweenpeoplewillnotexistasonehopes.
C.Differencesbetweenpeoplewillalwayscontinuetoexistandtheworldwillbeadullplace.
D.Differencesbetweenpeopledoexisteventhoughdifferentnationalitiesbehaveexactlyalike.
23.(32)
A.Theyarebigandaggressive.
B.Theyprovidecompanionshipaswellasprotection.
C.Mostpeopleareafraidofthem.
D.Theyareeasytotrain.
24.
【B5】
25.SectionB
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.
聽(tīng)力原文:Manystudentstrytostudythewholenightanddonotsleepbeforeanexam.Twoseparatestudiesshowthismaydomoreharmthangood.Thestudiesfoundthatagoodnight'ssleepmayimprovememory.Thefindingsofbothstudiesappearedin.thepublicationNature.
ScientistsattheUniversityofChicagodidoneofthem.Theytrainedstudentstolistentounclearspeechproducedbyamachine.Somestudentslistenedtotherecordingafteranightofsleep.Othersweretestedtwelvehoursafterthetraining,withnosleep.Guesswhat?Thestudentswhosleptunderstoodtherecordingbetter.
ProfessorDanielMargoliashsayssleephasatleasttwoeffectsonlearning.Oneistostrengthenmemoriesandprotectthemagainstinterference.Thesecondistorecovermemoriesthathavebeenlost.
TheotherstudytookplaceatHarvardMedicalSchoolinMassachusetts.Scientiststrainedone-hundredpeopletorepeattwoseriesoffingermovements.Theactwassimilartoplayingnotesonapiano.Peoplewhosleptbetweenlearningthefirstseriesandtheseconddidthebest.Thestudysuggestedthatmemoriesarerecordedinthreesteps.Scientistssaytheprocessissimilartothewayacomputerstemsinformation.Inhumans,theysay,thesecondsteprequiressleep.
(27)
A.Manystudentstrytostudythewholenightbeforeanexam.
B.Sleepmayimprovememory.
C.Examsmayharmmemory.
D.Sleepcanimprovelisteningability.
26.(16)
A.Thestoriesprobablyweren'ttrue.
B.Tomdoesn'tusuallytellfunnystories.
C.She'ssurprisedTomwassoseriouslastnight.
D.ShewantstoknowwhereTomheardthestories.
27.聽(tīng)力原文:W:Howdidyouliketheperformance?
M:Generallyspeaking,itwasverygood.Thepartofthemaidwasplayedbeautifully,butIthoughtthemanwhoplayedthelawyerwastoodramatictoberealistic.
Howdoesthemanfeelaboutthelawyerintheplay?.
(15)
A.Hethinksthelawyerwasrealistic.
B.Hethinksthelawyerwasnotdramaticenough.
C.Hethinksthelawyerplayedinhispartwell.
D.Hethinksthelawyerwasnotrealistic.
28.聽(tīng)力原文:W:Jerry,lastnightweheldadiscussioninthatsmallroomnumbered405onthethirdfloorandyouweresoconspicuousbyyourabsence.
M:Well,Imadeamistakeabouttheroomnumberandstayedinroom415foranhourwaiting.
Q:WhatdowelearnaboutJerry?
(13)
A.Hestayedinaroomonthethirdfloorforanhour.
B.Hewasabsentwhenthediscussionwasbeingheld.
C.Nobodybutthewomannoticedthathewasabsent.
D.Hedidnotleaveroom405untilanhourhadpassed.
29.聽(tīng)力原文:M:AretravelingfacilitiesgoodintherestofBritain?
W:Well,we'vegottherailwaysthatconnectallourbigtowns.There'reover13,000milesoftrackinBritain.Railtransportprovidesaveryimportantservicetothepublic,toindustryandcommerce.
M:Whataboutroadtransport?Areyourroadsgood?
W:Yes,theyareonthewhole.We'vegotaboutaquarterofamillionmilesofroads,andmulti-motorwaysareappearingeverywhere.Weshouldhaveoveronethousandmilesofmotorwayssoon.
M:IsthereagoodinternalairserviceinBritain?
W:Well,yes.Butitisnotasimportantasourrailandroadtransportsystems.
M:ButBritishairservices,theBEAandtheBOAC,areworldfamous,aren'tthey?
W:Ohyes,ourinternationalairservicesareverygood.LondonAirportisoneofthebusiestairportsintheworld.
M:Whatabouttravelbysea?
W:Asanislandpeopleandatradingnation,Britain'sseafaringtraditionshavealwaysbeengreat.Weusedtohavethebiggestmerchantnavyintheworld,carryingathirdoftheworld'spassengers,youknow.
M:ButIsupposetodayseatravelhasdiminishedinimportance,hasn'tit?
W:Ithas.Butsomepeoplestillprefertravelingbyseatoanyotherformsoftransport.
(20)
A.Thereareover1,000milesoftrackinBritain.
B.InBritainthereareabout250,000milesoftrack.
C.Thereareover13,000milesoftrackinEngland.
D.InEnglandthereare133,000milesoftrack.
30.SectionC
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe
Duringthetraditionalweddingceremony,thebridalcouplepromiseseachotherlifelongdevotion.Yet,aboutoneoutoffourAmerican(36)______endsindivorce.Since1940,thedivorceratehasmorethandoubled,andexperts(37)______that,ofallmarriagesthatoccurredinthe1970s,about50%willendindivorce.TheU.S.A.hasoneofthehighestdivorceratesintheworld,perhapseventhehighest.Thefactthatdivorceisso(38)______intheUnitedStatesdoesnotmeanthatAmericansconsidermarriagea(39)______,unimportantrelationship.Americansexpectagreatdealfrommarriage.They(40)______physical,emotional,andintellectualcompatibility.Theywanttobedeeplylovedand(41)______.Theyprefernomarriageatalltoamarriagewithoutloveandunderstanding.WithtypicalAmerican(42)______,theyendonemarriageinthehopethatthenextwillbe(43)______.Withno-faultdivorcelawsinmanystates,itiseasierthanevertogetadivorce.SomeAmericanwomenstayinunhappymarriages(44)____________.ButmostAmericanwomenbelievethat,ifnecessary,theycanmakeitalonewithoutahusband.(45)____________.Ifadivorcingcouplehaschildren,thecourtmustdeterminewhichparentthechildrenwilllivewithandwhowillprovidefortheirsupport.Inmostcases,thechildrenlivewiththemother.(46)____________.
31.聽(tīng)力原文:JoeSmithhadbeenbroughtupinanorphanage.Heenviedpeoplewhowererichanddecidedthatwhenhegrewuphecouldmakealotofmoney.
Unfortunately,Joewasnotcleverandhefailedallhisschoolexams."IwilleitherhavetofindagoodjoborIwillhavetobecomeathief."Joesaidtohimself.Heknewhewouldneverfindawell-paidjob.
ForseveralmonthsJoewatchedabankoutoftown.Henoticedwhenithadthefewestcustomers.Hewatched,waitedandplanned.
Oneafternoonhefoundthatonlytwotellerswereondutythere."Iwilleithersucceedandbeveryrichorfailandgotoprison."saidJoe.Hewaswillingtotaketherisk.
Thenhewatchedinandpushedademandnoteoverthecounter.Thetellerreadit,turnedpaleandquietlyopenedasmallsafebehindhim.Hetookout$50,000andplacedthebanknotesinJoe'sopenbag.ThenJoeranasfastashecould.
ThatnightJoehadtoburymoneyincasethepolicecaughthim.Hechoseadesertedpieceoflandnearthehouse,hewasgladwhenthemoneywassafelyhiddenintheround.
Thenextdayhewaswokenbybangsonhisdoor.Heansweredandtherecametwopolicemen."JosephSmith,youareunderarrestforrobbingabank!"
Joeprotestedinvain.Thebankhadhiddencamerasandthewholeraidhadbeenphotographed.Joewascaughtandintoprison.
TenyearslaterJoewassetfree.Hemadesurenoonewasfollowinghimandquicklymadehiswaytothespotwherehehadburiedthemoney.
Neitherhappinessnormoneywaitedforhim,however.Abigbuildinghadbeenbuiltonthesite.
(33)
A.Hethoughtthathewouldeitherfindagoodjoborhewouldbeathief.
B.Hesaidthathewouldbecomerichbywayofrobbingthebank.
C.Hesaidthathecouldrobtherichoftheirmoney.
D.Hemightberichifheworkedharder.
32.(26)
A.Yes.B.No.C.Hardtosay.D.Notmentioned.
33.聽(tīng)力原文:W:Weshouldprobablyhittheroad.It'sgoingtotakeustwohourstodrivehome.Otherwise,wecouldn'tmakeitbeforemidnight.
M:You'reright.I'llsaygoodbyetoMichaelandthankhimforthetreat.
Q:Whatcanweinferaboutthetwospeakersfromtheconversation?
(12)
A.TheyareatMichael's.
B.TheywilltreatMichael.
C.TheyaregoingtoMichael's.
D.Theywillgohomebysubway.
34.聽(tīng)力原文:W:Whydidn'tyoumakeanappointmenttoseeDoctorJacksonlastweekwhenyoufirsttwistedyourwaist?
M:Theinjurydidn'tseemveryseriousthen.IdecidedtocometodaybecausemywaiststillhurtswhenItrytomove.
Q:Whydidn'tthemanseeDoctorJacksonearlier?
(18)
A.Hehadtowaitforanappointment.
B.Hehadotherthingstodofirst.
C.Hiswaisthadseemedallright.
D.Hisinjuryhadkepthimathome.
35.SectionB
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.
聽(tīng)力原文:Theworld'sfirstcompletelyautomaticrailwayhasbeenbuiltunderthebusystreetsofLondon,TherailwayiscalledtheVictoriaLine,anditispartofthecompleteLondonundergroundrailway.
ThenewVictoriaLinewasopenedin1969.Thisnewlinewasverydifferentfromtheothers.Thestationsontheotherlinesneedalotofworkerstoselltickets,andtocheckandtocollectthemwhenpeopleleavethetrains.ThisisalldifferentontheVictoriaLine.Hereamachinechecksandcollectsthetickets,andtherearenoworkersontheplatforms.
Onthetrain,thereisonlyoneworker.Ifnecessary,thismancandrivethetrain.Butusuallyhejuststartsit;itrunsandstopsbyitself.Thetrainsarecontrolledbyelectricalsignalswhicharesentbytheso-called"commandspots".
Thecommandspotsarethesamedistanceapart.Eachsendsacertainsignal.Thetrainalwaysmovesatthespeedthatthecommandspotsallow.Ifthecommandspotsendsnosignals,thetrainwillstop.
Mostofthecontrolworkisdonebycomputers.Thecomputersalsofixthetrain'sspeeds,andsendthesignalstothecommandspots.
Othermachinesmakesurethatthetrainsarealwaysasafedistanceapart.Onetrainmaystaytoolongatastation;theothertrainswillthenautomaticallymoveslower.Sothereisnodangerofaccidentsontheline.
(27)
A.Workersontheplatformsandtrainswerereplacedbymachines.
B.Acompletelyautomaticlinewasaddedtoitsnetwork.
C.Itbecamethefirstcompletelyautomaticrailwayintheworld.
D.Itstrainsbecamemanual-controlled.
36.(21)
A.Shewillearnless.
B.Ittakestoomuchtimetogothere.
C.Ithasnothingtodowithherstudy.
D.Shehasnointerestinthatfield.
37.(28)
A.Shewasfondoffish.
B.Shewaskeenonfishing.
C.Shewasgoodatfishing.
D.Shedidn'twanttobeleftaloneeverySunday.
38.聽(tīng)力原文:W:Hello,Iboughtthislaptopcomputeralittleoveramonthago,andIamhavingsomedifficultywithit.
M:Whatseemstobetheproblem?
W:Thescreenisflashing.It'sreallyirritating.Iwouldliketoreturnitandgetmymoneyback.
M:I'msorry.Ourstorehasaverystrictreturnpolicy.Al~ermorethanamonth,wearenotabletorefundyourmoney.
W:Well,Ijustboughtitandit'salreadybroken.Ididn'tdoanythingunusualtoit.Ididn'tdropitoranything.Ithinkithassomekindofmanufacturingdefect.
M:Yourcomputerhasaoneyearwarranty.Youcouldshipthecomputerbacktothecompanyandtheywillreplaceit.
W:Can'tIjustexchangethecomputerhere?
M:Iamafraidthat'snotpossibleafteramonth.
W:CanIpleasetalktothemanager?
M:Themanager?Iamafraidhe'snotin.Wereallycan'treturnyourmoney,but...Iwouldgiveyouanotherone,butwenolongercarrythatmodel.Wecan,however,offeryouastorecredit.Youcanuseittobuyanothercomputeroranythingelsewecarryhereinthestore.
W:Thatwouldbefine.Thankyouverymuchforyourhelp.
M:Noproblem.
(20)
A.TheCPUisbroken.
B.Thescreenisflashing.
C.Itdoesn'twork.
D.Itdroppedtothefloor.
39.
【B10】
40.(31)
A.Businesssuccesstakesahighlevelofactivity.
B.Topmanagersaregenerallygiftedatjudgingpeople.
C.Businesssuccesstakestheabilitytocopewithstress.
D.Differentexecutivesmaketheircommunicationscomethroughindifferentways.
三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.Itisbelievedthatwomenarestill______intheeconomydespitetheBLSdata.
42.
【C5】
43.(62)
44.
Theparagraphfollowingthisonewouldmostlikelydealwith______.
A.whysomepeoplecanhearbetterthanothers
B.whatcanbedonetohelpthehearingimpaired
C.howthisnewauditorytestisconducted
D.whichhearingproblemsarethemostsevere
45.WhowillhavetherighttoaskforflexibleworkinghoursaftertheUKprogramislaunched?
A.Parentswithadultdisabledkids.
B.Parentswithchildrenyoungerthan16.
C.Parentswithhealthykidsunder18.
D.Parentswithchildrenolderthan6.
46.
Basedonthepassage,theprocessofachievingequalitymaycontradictwith______.
A.poorpeople'ssocialstatus
B.richercountries'interest
C.economicgrowth
D.people'ssenseofsatisfaction
47.
Failuretoeffectivelydealwithinterpersonalconflictintheworkplacecould______.
A.leadtogettingfired
B.forceyoutomovetothewilderness
C.stallthedevelopmentofaperson'scareer
D.preventapersonfromenjoyinghisorherjob
48.
【C4】
49.
WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtoPara.3?
A.Bergerwillsupportthedevelopmentoflocalbusiness.
B.BergerranformayorofGuatemalaCityinthelastelection.
C.Bergerwillendthewarbetweenthearmyandguerrillas.
D.Bergerwillsignafree-tradeagreementwiththeUnitedStates.
50.SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.
Inthelaterhalfofthe19thcentury"capital"and"labour"wereenlargingandperfectingtheirrivalorganizationsonmodemlines.Manyanoldfirmwasreplacedbyalimitedliabilitycompanywithabureaucracyofsalariedmanagers.Thechangemetthetechnicalrequirementsofthenewagebyengagingalargeprofessionalelementandpreventedthedeclineinefficiencythatsocommonlyspoiledthefortunesoffamilyfirmsinthesecondandthirdgenerationaftertheenergeticfounders.Itwasmoreoverastepawayfromindividualinitiative,towardscollectivismandmunicipalandstate-ownedbusiness.Therailwaycompanies,thoughstillprivatebusinessmanagedforthebenefitofshareholders,wereveryunlikeoldfamilybusiness.Atthesametimethegreatmunicipalities(自治城市)wentintobusinesstosupplylighting,tramsandotherservicestothetaxpayers.
Thegrowthofthelimitedliabilitycompanyandmunicipalbusinesshadimportantconsequences.Suchlarge,impersonalmanipulationofcapitalandindustrygreatlyincreasedthenumbersandimportanceofshareholdersasaclass,anelementinnationalliferepresentingirresponsiblewealthdetachedfromthelandandthedutiesofthelandowners;andalmostequallydetachedfromtheresponsiblemanagementofbusiness.Allthroughthe19thcentury,America,Africa,India,AustraliaandpartsofEuropewerebeingdevelopedbyBritishcapital,andBritishshareholderswerethusenrichedbytheworld'smovementtowardsindustrialization.TownslikeBournemouthandEastbournespranguptohouselarge"comfortable"classeswhohadretiredontheirincomes,andwhohadnorelationtotherestofthecommunityexceptthatofdrawingdividends(股息)andoccasionallyattendingashareholders'meetingtodictatetheirorderstothemanagement.Ontheotherhand"shareholding"meantleisureandfreedomwhichwasusedbymanyofthelaterVictoriansforthehighestpurposeofagreatcivilization.
The"shareholders"assuchhadnoknowledgeofthelives,thoughtsorneedsoftheworkmenemployedbythecompanyinwhichheheldshares,andhisinfluenceontherelationsofcapitalandlabourwasnotgood.Thepaidmanageractingforthecompanywasinmoredirectrelationwiththemenandtheirdemands,butevenhehad.seldomthatfamiliarpersonalknowledgeoftheworkmenwhichtheemployerhadoftenhadunderthemorepatriarchal(家長(zhǎng)的)systemoftheoldfamilybusinessnowpassingaway.Indeedthemeresizeofoperationsandthenumbersofworkmeninvolvedrenderedsuchpersonalrelationsimpossible.Fortunately,however,theincreasingpowerandorganizationofthetradeunions,atleastinallskilledtrades,enabledtheworkmentomeetonequaltermsthemanagersofthecompanieswhoemployedthem.Thecrueldisciplineofthestrikeandlockouttaughtthetwopartiestorespecteachother'sstrengthandunderstandthevalueoffairnegotiation.
Manyanoldfamilyfirmwasreplacedbylimitedliabilitycompaniesinthattheywereinanactualstateof______.
51.
WhatisNOTthecausefortheimminentwaterwar?
A.Lackofwaterresources.
B.Lackofrainfall.
C.Inefficientuseofwater.
D.Waterhasreplacedoil.
52.
Thetoneofthestoryshowstheauthorbelievestheproblemis______.
A.difficulttosolve,perhapsimpossible
B.difficulttosolvebutnotimpossible
C.impossibletosolve
D.beyondthequestion
53.SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.
ItseemslikeAmericansusecreditcardsforeverything.It'saloteasiertospendmoneythatyoudon'tsee,isn'tit?ManyAmericansspendmoneythatisn'teventhere—andgetdeeperanddeeperindebt.Whydosomanypeoplespendmorethantheyhave?"Buynow,paylater"hasbecomeanAmericanwayoflife.Recently,Americanhouseholdsspentnearly11billiondollarsmorethantheyearned,creatingnegativesavingrate.
Therearetwoideas--one,livingwithinyourmeans,andtheideathatlivingondebtisagreatequalizer(平衡裝置).Theybothhavevaliditybecauseitisimportantthatsomeonelivewithintheirmeansovertheirlifetime.Whenpeopleareyoungandtheyareearningmoneybuttheyhaveverylittlesavings,theyalmosthavetoborrowinordertoownahouseorownacar.Butastheygrowolder,theyshoulddevelopthehabitofsaving,sothatbythetimetheyreachtheendoftheirearninglife,theyhavesavingstoliveoninretirement,andlivewithintheirmeans.
"Buynow,paylater"isworkedverywellforusinthe90's,butonesuspectsitwon'tworkforever.TheonlythinkthatconcernsmeisthatAmericansaresocontented,sooptimistic,sounconcernedaboutanybumpsintheroadthatmanyAmericanhouseholds,notallofthem,butmanyAmericanhouseholdsareveryheavilyextendedinpersonalcredit.Alotofcreditcarddebt;peoplearepayingveryhighpricesforhousesandborrowingheavilyagainstthoseprices;andifwedorunintoabumpintheroad,arecession,therearegoingtobealotofhouseholds,notallofthem,butmanyhouseholdsthat'llbeseverelysqueezed.Thatmeanswe'remorevulnerabletoseriousfinancialdistressthanJapanis.Japanhasbeeninfinancialdistressfortenyears,butonereasonit'sbeenabletoweatherthatisthatthehouseholdshadbeenveryconservative,hadalotofsavings,wereveryliquid,andwereabletoweatherdifficulttimes.AndmanyAmericanhouseholdswouldnowbelessabletodothatbecausetheyaretoheavilyindebt.
WeknowfromthepassagethatcreditcardsmakeAmericansget______indebt.
54.
AccordingtoAnnClarke,theNewZealandLifeSciencesNetwork______.
A.shouldgatherevidencetodiscreditIngham'sclaims
B.shouldrequirethattheresearchbytheirbiologistsberegulated
C.shouldn'tdemandthatInghambedisciplinedforvoicingherviews
D.shouldn'tappeasetheoppositioninsuchaquietway
55.SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.
TheeconomicdownsizingoftheUnitedStatespresents
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