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【贏在高考?黃金8卷】備戰(zhàn)2023年高考英語模擬卷(北京專
用)(解析版)
黃金卷04
第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),30分)
第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分)
閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出
最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
I'vebeenfarmingsheeponahillsidefor54years.Iuseasmalltractortogetabout.My
dogDonalwayssitsbesidemeinthepassengerseat.
OnemorningI]alostlambwhenIwasinthetopfield,nearwhereamotorway
cutsthroughmyland.Thelambhadbecomeseparatedfromitsmother,soIjumpedoutofthe
tractortotendtoitwhileDonstayedinhisseat.
Lambandmother2..Iturnedbacktothetractoronlytoseeitmovesuddenly
awayfromme.Thiswasso3becauseIhadputthehandbrakeonwhenIjumpedout.
Obviously,Donhadsomehowmadethe4move.
MyheartfrozeinmychestasIsawthetractorheadingtowardsthe5.1ran
desperatelybutfailedto6.Itcrashedthroughawoodenfenceanddisappeared.The
lastthingIsawwasDon'sface,lookingcalmlybackatme.
Heartinmouth,Ireachedthefenceandlookedover.Thetractorwas7against
thecrashbarrierinthecentralreservation,havingmiraculously(奇跡般地)crossedthe
8roadwithfast-flowingtraffic.Icouldn'tseeDon,butasI9thetractor,he
jumpedoutontotheroad,apparentlyunhurtandracedbacktome.Donwasgivenaspecial
10thatnight—Ididn'twanthimtothinkIwasangrywithhim.
1.A.droppedB.spottedC.carriedD.returned
2.A.freedB.switchedC.reunitedD.examined
3.A.unexpectedB.dangerousC.embarrassingD.difficult
4.A.lambB.vehicleC.seatD?fence
5.A.crowdB.hillC.fieldD.motorway
6.A.takeoffB.catchupC.holdbackD.getout
7.A.restingB.runningC.parkingD.turning
8.A.windingB.desertedC.roughD.busy
9.A.abandonedB.recognizedC.approachedD.repaired
10.A.mealB.testC.jobD.lesson
【答案】
1.B2.C3.A4.B5.D6.B7.A8.D9.C10.A
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述作者為了救一只迷路的小羊羔,拉了手剎把拖拉機(jī)
停下,結(jié)果車上的狗Don不知怎么把車啟動(dòng)了,車子穿過護(hù)欄沖向高速公路,幸運(yùn)的
是最終沒人受重傷。
1.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:一天早晨,當(dāng)我在靠近高速公路穿過我的土地的最上面
的田地時(shí),我發(fā)現(xiàn)了一只迷路的羔羊。A.dropped下降;B.spotted發(fā)現(xiàn);C.carried攜
帶;D.returned返回。根據(jù)下文“Thelambhadbecomeseparatedfromitsmother,soIjumped
outofthetractortotendtoit”對(duì)小羊的描述及下文作者去照顧它可知,作者發(fā)現(xiàn)了一只小
羊。故選B項(xiàng)。
2.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:小羊和媽媽團(tuán)聚了,我轉(zhuǎn)向拖拉機(jī),卻看到拖拉機(jī)突然
離我而去。A.freed釋放;B.switched轉(zhuǎn)變;C.reunited團(tuán)聚;D.examined檢查。根據(jù)
上文“Thelambhadbecomeseparatedfromitsmother”以及后文"1turnedbacktothetractor''
可知,小羊羔和媽媽走散了,我下車幫他,現(xiàn)在作者轉(zhuǎn)身走向拖拉機(jī),是因?yàn)樽髡甙研?/p>
羊送回媽媽身邊。故選C項(xiàng)。
3.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:這太出乎意料了,因?yàn)槲姨萝嚨臅r(shí)候手剎已經(jīng)拉上
了。A.unexpected;出乎意料的;B.dangerous危險(xiǎn)的;C.embarrassing令人尷尬的;D.
difficult困難的。根據(jù)空后“because1hadputthehandbrakeonwhenIjumpedout.“可知,
作者下車時(shí)已經(jīng)拉上了手剎,所以車子突然開動(dòng)很出乎意料。故選A項(xiàng)。
4.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:很明顯,Don讓車動(dòng)了起來。A.lamb小羊;B.vehicle
車輛;C.seat座位;D.fence柵欄。根據(jù)上文“Iturnedbacktothetractoronlytoseeitmove
suddenlyawayfromme.”可知,此處指車輛在動(dòng)。故選B項(xiàng)。
5.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:當(dāng)我看到拖拉機(jī)駛向高速公路時(shí),我的心都僵住了。A.
crowd人群;B.hill山丘;C.field田地;D.motorway高速公路。根據(jù)下文“Thetractorwas
7againstthecrashbarrierinthecentralreservation,havingmiraculously(奇跡般地)
crossedthe8roadwithfast-flowingtraffic.”可知,車子奇跡般地穿過了車流繁忙
的馬路,所以是駛向了高速公路。故選D項(xiàng)。
6.考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意:我拼命跑,但是沒有追上。A.takeoff脫下;B.catchup
趕上;C.holdback抑制;D.getout出去。根據(jù)語境及下文“Itcrashedthroughawooden
fbnceanddisappeared.”可知,作者看到拖拉機(jī)沖向高速公路,應(yīng)是拼命跑著去追,但是
沒有追上。故選B項(xiàng)。
7.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:拖拉機(jī)靠在中央保留地的防撞護(hù)欄上,奇跡般地穿過了
交通繁忙的道路。A.resting(使)倚靠;B.running跑步;C.parking停車;D.turning翻轉(zhuǎn)。
根據(jù)下文“havingmiraculously(奇跡般地)crossedthe8roadwithfast-flowing
traffic.”及語境可知,拖拉機(jī)穿過馬路,靠在了中央保留地的防撞護(hù)欄上。故選A項(xiàng).
8.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:拖拉機(jī)靠在中央保留地的防撞護(hù)欄上,奇跡般地穿過
了交通繁忙的道路。A.winding彎曲的;B.deserted被遺棄的:C.rough粗糙的;D.busy
繁忙的。根據(jù)空后“withfast-flowingtraffic”可知,這條路交通繁忙。故選D項(xiàng)。
9.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:我沒看見Don,但當(dāng)我接近拖拉機(jī)時(shí),他跳到了路上,
顯然沒有受傷,然后沖回我身邊。A.abandoned遺棄;B.recognized認(rèn)出;C.approached
接近;D.repaired修理。根據(jù)上文“Icouldn'tseeDon”可知,作者沒看見Don,所以應(yīng)是
上前查看。故選C項(xiàng)。
10.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:那天晚上Don吃了一頓特別的飯——我不想讓他認(rèn)為
我在生他的氣。A.meal一餐;B.test測驗(yàn);C.job工作;D.lesson課程。根據(jù)下文Tdidn't
wanthimtothinkIwasangrywithhim.“可知,我不想讓Don認(rèn)為我在生他的氣,而由上
文可知,Don是一條狗,結(jié)合選項(xiàng),應(yīng)該是一頓特別的飯。故選A項(xiàng)。
第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分)
A
閱讀下列短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~,在
給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
MyfirstshoppingexperienceinChinawasatriptoWandaPlaza.Forthefirsttime,I
11(introduce)toChinesebrandslikeLining,AntaSports,etc.Ishoppedfora
T-shirt,jeans,anddresses.Afterwards,I'vehadmanyotherin-storeshoppingexperiences.I
oncewenttoalocalmarket,12thegoodsgavemeasimilarfeelingtothestoresin
myhomecountry.IcouldbargainonhowmuchIwantedtopayforanoutfit.Shoppingin
storeslikethiswasalot13(cheap).
【答案】11.wasintroduced12.where13.che叩er
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文,講述了作者曾經(jīng)在中國購物的經(jīng)歷。
11.考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意:我第一次被介紹到中國品牌,如李寧、安踏等。分析句子可
知,空格處應(yīng)填入謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)上文“MyfirstshoppingexperienceinChinawasatripto
WandaPlaza.(我在中國的第一次購物經(jīng)歷是去萬達(dá)廣場。)”可知,此次描述過去的經(jīng)
歷,應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。主語I與動(dòng)詞introduce是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主語是I,
故填wasintroducedo
12.考查定語從句。句意:我曾經(jīng)去過一個(gè)當(dāng)?shù)厥袌?,那里的商品給我的感覺與我家鄉(xiāng)
的商店相似。分析句子可知,空格處應(yīng)填入定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞,先行詞是alocalmarket,
關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where。故填where。
13.考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意:在這樣的商店購物要便宜得多。根據(jù)上文的“bargain(討
價(jià)還價(jià))”以及空格前的“alot”可知,此處應(yīng)用比較級(jí)形式。故填cheaper。
B
閱讀下列短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~,在
給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
Whenasked14superpowertheywouldmostliketohave,manypeople
respondthattheywouldliketobeabletobecomeinvisible.Surprisingasitmaysound,this
powerisalreadywellwithinourgrasp.Atestshowsthatwhenapersonisfocusingtheir
attention15onething,otherthingshappeningaroundthemdonotmakean
impression;thoseotherthings,are,forallintentsandpurposes,invisible.Thenexttimeyou
feellikebecominginvisible,justmakesuretoprovideacomplex16(distract)and
carryonyourbusinessunseen.
【答案】14.what15.on16.distraction
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文,主要講的是一項(xiàng)測試表明,當(dāng)一個(gè)人把注意力集中在一件
事情上時(shí),周圍發(fā)生的其他事情不會(huì)給他留下印象;其他的東西,無論從哪個(gè)角度看,
都是看不見的。
14.考查賓語從句。句意:當(dāng)被問及最想擁有什么超能力時(shí),許多人回答說,他們希望
能夠隱形。空格處引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句,根據(jù)語境可知,句子表示“當(dāng)被問及最想擁有什
么超能力時(shí),許多人回答說,他們希望能夠隱形“,空格處意為“什么”,用what引導(dǎo)賓
語從句,在從句中作定語,故填what。
15.考查介詞。句意:一項(xiàng)測試表明,當(dāng)一個(gè)人把注意力集中在一件事情上時(shí),周圍發(fā)
生的其他事情不會(huì)給他留下印象。fbcusone'sattentiononsth.是固定短語,意為“把注意
力集中在某物上”,因此空格處用介詞。n,故填on。
16.考查名詞。句意:下次你想隱形的時(shí)候,只要確保提供一個(gè)復(fù)雜的使人分心的事物,
在不被發(fā)現(xiàn)的情況下繼續(xù)你的工作。complex是形容詞,修飾名詞,distract的名詞是
distraction,意為“使人分心的事物“,空前有a,空格處用單數(shù),故填distraction。
C
閱讀下列短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~,在
給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
Ifyou'relookingforauniqueadventure,theSpaceandAviationCenter(SAC)isthe
placetobe.TheCenterprovidestrainees17programsdesignedtochallengeand
inspire.Morethan750,000havegraduatedfromSAC,withmany18(seek)
employmentinengineering,aviation,education,medicine,andawidevarietyofother
professions.Theycometocamp,wantingtoknow19itisliketobeanastronautor
apilot,andtheyleavewithreal-worldapplicationsforwhatthey'restudyingintheclassroom.
Withalltheprograms,teamworkiskeyastraineeslearntheimportanceofleadershipand
20(be)partofabiggertask.
【答案】17.with18.seeking19.what20.being
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了宇航中心(SAC)培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目的相關(guān)信息。
17.考查固定搭配。句意:該中心為學(xué)員提供旨在挑戰(zhàn)和激勵(lì)的課程。providesb.withsth.
固定搭配,意為“提供給某人某物”,故填with。
18.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:超過750000人從SAC畢業(yè),其中許多人在工程、航空、
教育、醫(yī)學(xué)和其他各種各樣的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域?qū)ふ夜ぷ?。此處是with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),即with+賓語
+賓語補(bǔ)足語,賓語many(許多人)和動(dòng)詞seek是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞seeking作賓
語補(bǔ)足語,故填seeking。
19.考查賓語從句。句意:他們來到營地,想知道成為一名宇航員或飛行員是什么感覺,
然后他們帶著他們?cè)谡n堂上學(xué)習(xí)的實(shí)際應(yīng)用程序離開?!癷tisliketobean
astronautorapilot”是賓語從句,從句缺少介詞like后面的賓語,表示”...的樣子”,應(yīng)
用what來引導(dǎo),故填whato
20.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:在所有的項(xiàng)目中,團(tuán)隊(duì)合作是關(guān)鍵,因?yàn)閷W(xué)員們學(xué)到「領(lǐng)
導(dǎo)力的重要性,并且學(xué)到了成為更大任務(wù)一部分的重要性。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,
“partofabiggertask”和leadership共同作介詞of的賓語,所以此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞
being,故填being。
第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),38分)
第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分,共28分)
閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并
在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
A
Soyou'relookingtoskiatoneofthebest?We'vedonethehardworkforyou.
Breckenridge
Breckenridgeisanextremelypopularskidestination.It?sundoubtedlyanawesome
mountaintoride,butitcanalsogetdiscouraginglycrowded.Thisisnotsurprisinggivenall
thethingsBreckenridgehasgoingforit:affordablelodging(借宿),anabundanceofslopes
andNorthAmerica'shighestlift.Thetownatmosphereisfunandrelaxing,plustherearea
tonofshopping,dining,anddrinkingoptionstochoosefrom.Withsomuchtooffer,
Breckenridgemakesforagreatskiresortthatsuitsallbudgets.
AspenSnowmass
Aspenistheultimateskidestinationfortherichandhasevolvedintofourseparateski
areas:Aspen,Snowmass,Buttermilk,andAspenHighlands.They5realllinkedbyashuttle
system,accessiblewithasingleticket,andgatheredaroundoneofthegreatestskitownsin
theworld.Aspenistrulythekingofapres?ski(滑雪后的社交娛樂)withendlessdiningand
nightlifeoptions!It'salsooneofthefewskiresortsinColoradowhereyouwon'tbeaffected
byaltitudesickness.Foralltheappealthatbringscelebritieshere,Aspendoescomeata
price.
JacksonHole
JacksonHoleisinfamousforitsextremeterrain(出也形)andsteepswiththemost
continuousverticalintheUS.Althoughithasthereputationofanexpert'sparadise,recent
improvementshavemadeintermediateterraineasiertoaccess.Ontheotherside,Jackson
Holeisnotidealforfirst-timersandkidsduetothelackofbeginnerteiTain.Crowdscanalso
beanissue.Ifyou'relookingforski-in/ski-outaccess,stayinTetonVillagewhichhasa
handfulofbars;ifnot,thetownofJacks.
21.Ifyouareabeginnerwithatightbudget,whichskiingresortmayyouchoose?
A.Buttermilk.B.Breckenridge.
C.JacksonHole.D.AspenSnowmass.
22.WhatcanwelearnaboutAspenSnowmass?
A.Itiseconomicaltoskithere.
B.Itofferslimitedsocialactivities.
C.Oneticketcanbeusedin4skiareas.
D.Visitorswillfeelsickforitshighaltitude.
23.WhafsthesamedisadvantageofBreckenridgeandJacksonHole?
A.Thepriceisexpensive.
B.Thetrafficisnotveryconvenient.
C.Theyarenotfriendlytobeginners.
D.Theyareverycrowdedsometimes.
【答案】21.B22.C23.D
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了三處滑雪勝地。
21.推理判斷題。根據(jù)Breckenridge部分的“Withsomuchtooffer,Breckenridgemakesfor
agreatskiresortthatsuitsallbudgets.(有這么多的提供,Breckenridge是一個(gè)偉大的滑雪
勝地,適合所有預(yù)算。)''可知,Breckenridge適合所有預(yù)算的游客,也就是說如果你是
一個(gè)預(yù)算緊張的初學(xué)者,你可以選擇Breckenridge。故選B。
22.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AspenSnowmass部分的"Aspenistheultimateskidestinationforthe
richandhasevolvedintofourseparateskiareas(Aspen是富人的終極滑雪目的地,現(xiàn)已發(fā)
展成四個(gè)獨(dú)立的滑雪場)''和"They'realllinkedbyashuttlesystem,accessiblewithasingle
ticket(它們都由一個(gè)穿梭系統(tǒng)連接,一張票就能到達(dá))”可知,關(guān)于AspenSnowmass,我
們了解到一張票可以到四個(gè)滑雪區(qū)域,故選C。
23.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Breckenridge部分的“itcanalsogetdiscouraginglycrowded(它也
會(huì)變得令人沮喪地?fù)頂D)''和最后一段關(guān)于JacksonHole部分的“Crowdscanalsobean
issue(人群也可能是一個(gè)問題戶可知,兩個(gè)景點(diǎn)的共同缺點(diǎn)是人多擁擠,故選D。
B
PowerfulstormshadrockedColumbia,Missouri,leavingbehinddeepfloodwatersthat
continuedtorise.MonicaViefs16-year-oldsonDominicVietandhis17-year-oldfriend,
JosephDiener,hadgoneouttoridebikesandcheckoutthestormdamage.Withmorestorms
ontheway,Monicathoughtitwasbestforchildrentostayhomeinthissituation.Then,she
textedhim.However,sheneedn,thaveworried.Dominicsentherareplysaying,“Mom,we
justsavedagirl'slife?,
Here'swhathappened.Theteenswereridingpastabasketballcourtthatwasdeeply
floodedwhentheyspottedagirlholdingontoapoleandcallingoutforhelp.Theyrealized
shewasseriouslyintrouble.Fortunately,inschool,theyhadbothearnedlifesavingmedals
thatincludedwaterrescues,andastheyglancedaroundattheotherconcernedbystanders,
theyknewtheyneededtotakeaction.Together,theyjumpedintothewaterandfoughtthe
fast-flowingwatertopushthedrowning18-year-oldgirltoshore.Tenminuteslater,they
madeit.
Onceondryland,thegirlbegantothrowupwater.Firstrespondersquicklyarrivedand
tookhertothehospital,wheresheisrecovering.
Theboys9headmastersaidbeingpreparedforemergencysituationsisattachedgreat
importancetointhedailytrainingofourschool.Hehopestheteenswillgetspecialmedals
fortheirextraordinaryactionsthatday!
Thetwoboysarenowregardedasheroesforriskingtheirownlivestohelpastranger.t4I
feellikeifyou'reabletosavesomebodylikethat,"Josephsaid."Youcertainlywillbecause
that'swhateveryoneofuswilldo.”"Wedidn'tthinkmuchaboutit,andwejusthadtoget
herout.Thafsit!Besides,we'retrainedforthis!”Dominicadded.
24.WhydidDominic'smumtexthim?
A.Towarnhimofthecomingstorms.
B.Tourgehimtocomebackquickly.
C.Tohavehimgotothebasketballcourt.
D.Totellhimtorecordthestormdamage.
25.WhatdoesParagraph2focuson?
A.Whathadhappenedtothegirl.B.Whatthegirldidforherself.
C.Howtheboysfinallysurvived.D.Howtheboyssavedthegirl.
26.Whatdidtheboysdependontorescuethegirl?
A.Theirtrainingandskills.B.Theirparents9encouragement.
C.Firstresponders!instanthelp.D.Thesupportfromthepassers-by.
27.Whichwordbestdescribestheboysasrescuers?
A.Ambitious.B.Demanding.C.Modest.D.Honest.
【答案】24.B25.D26.A27.C
【導(dǎo)語】本文屬于記敘文。本文主要講述強(qiáng)風(fēng)暴襲擊了密蘇里州哥倫比亞地區(qū),造成持
續(xù)上漲的深洪水。多米尼克?維耶①ominicViet)和朋友約瑟夫?迪納(Jos印hDiener)騎車出
去查看暴風(fēng)雨造成的損失,途中,他們利用自己在校學(xué)到的急救知識(shí),救出了一名落水
的女孩。
24.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Withmorestonnsontheway,Monicathoughtitwasbestfor
childrentostayhomeinthissituation.Then,shetextedhim.(由于暴風(fēng)雨即將來臨,莫妮卡
認(rèn)為這種情況下孩子們最好待在家里。然后,她給他發(fā)了短信。廣可知,莫妮卡給兒
子發(fā)短信是想叫他盡快回家。故選B項(xiàng)。
25.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Theteenswereridingpastabasketballcourtthatwasdeeply
floodedwhentheyspottedagirlholdingontoapoleandcallingoutforhelp.(這些青少年騎
車經(jīng)過一個(gè)被洪水淹沒的籃球場時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)女孩抓住一根桿子呼救。戶和“Together,
theyjumpedintothewaterandfoughtthefast-flowingwatertopushthedrowning
18-year-oldgirltoshore.Tenminuteslater,theymadeit.(他們一起跳入水中,與湍急的水流
搏斗,將溺水的18歲女孩推到岸邊。十分鐘后,他們做到了。戶可知,本段重點(diǎn)是談
他們救人的整個(gè)過程。故選D項(xiàng)。
26.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Fortunately,inschool,theyhadbothearnedlifesaving
medalsthatincludedwaterrescues(幸運(yùn)的是,在學(xué)校里,他們都獲得了救生獎(jiǎng)牌,包括
水上救援)";第四段"Theboys9headmastersaidbeingpreparedforemergencysituationsis
attachedgreatimportancetointhedailytrainingofourschool.(男生校長表示,在我們學(xué)校
的日常訓(xùn)練中,為緊急情況做好準(zhǔn)備是非常重要的。)“;最后一段“Besides,weTetrained
forthis(此外,我們受過訓(xùn)練)”可知,正是他們平時(shí)所得到的訓(xùn)練和技能幫助他們救/女
孩。故選A項(xiàng)。
27.推理判斷題。最后一段“Josephsaid."Youcertainlywillbecausethat'swhateveryoneof
uswilldo.”“Wedidn'tthinkmuchaboutit,andwejusthadtogetherout.Thafsit!Besides,
we,retrainedfbrthis!,,Dominicadded.(約瑟夫說,“你肯定會(huì)的,因?yàn)槲覀兠總€(gè)人都會(huì)這
么做。“我們沒想太多,我們只是想把她弄出來」就是這樣!再說,我們受過訓(xùn)練!”多
米尼克說。戶可知,他們救人時(shí)沒有想那么多,只是想把人救起來而已。由此推知,盡
管他們現(xiàn)在被視為英雄,但很低調(diào)。故選C項(xiàng)。
C
About20yearsago,DanielHoffman,aclassicallytrainedviolinistmetayoung
musicianplayinginthetownsquareinMarrakech,anancientcityinMorocco.They
communicatedinthelittleFrenchtheybothknew,buttheirmaincommonlanguagewas
music.Onthebackofamotorbikeofthefellowviolinist,Hoffmanweavedthroughtheback
streetsofthecityandthenlearnedhisfirstlessonsinAndalusianmusic,theclassicalmusicof
NorthAfrica.
Thatexperiencegavebirthtoanidea:Whatwoulditbeliketotrytolearnhowtoplay
differentviolinstylesaroundtheworldinjustoneweek?Oh.yes,andattheendofthatweek,
playaconcert.Heevengotanamefortheconcept“musicalextremesports”.
Ittookhimalmosttwodecadestolaunchthatdreamwithafriend,whointroducedhim
tothewondersofKickstarter,afundingplatformforcreativeprojects.Uptonow,thedream
hastakenthefonnofanewdocumentarycurrentlyairingonAmericanpublictelevision
stationscalled"Otherwise,It'sJustFirewood.^^
Inthedocumentary,HoffmantravelstoCountyClare,Ireland,wherehetakeslessons
withJamesKelly,amasterIrishviolinplayer,forlessthanaweekandthenperformstogether
withhiminfrontofanaudience,manyofwhomarestarIrishmusicians.
ThefilmiswhatHoffmanhopeswillbethefirstofaneventualseriesofshort
documentaries,showinghimlearningtoplaytheviolininavarietyofstyles,includingthe
folkmusicofsouthIndia,Sweden,Greece,Romania,andWestVirginia.
Thatwouldaddtohisextensiverepertoire(全部曲目),whichalreadyincludesBalkan,
MiddleEastern,andTurkishstyles.t€Thebigjokeiswhat'sthediflercncebetweenthefiddle
andtheviolin?It'sthepersonwhoplaysitJsaysNiallKeegan,atraditionalfluteplayer.“It's
themusicyoumakeonitthatmakesitIrishorEnglishorFrenchorclassicalorjazzor
whateverelse.It'showweimagineitandhowwecreatethroughitthatmakeitandgiveit
character.^^
"Otherwise,it'sjustfirewood,hesays,wordsthatbecamethefilm'stitle.
28.WheredoesHoffman'sideaofmusicalextremesportscomefrom?
A.Hisexplorationofthelocalmusic.
B.Hiscooperationwiththeyoungviolinist.
C.Hissightseeingtouronamotorbikeseat.
D.Hisconstantlychangingtasteinviolinstyles.
29.Accordingtothepassage,theseriesofdocumentaries.
A.helpHoffmantobecomeamasterviolinplayer
B.arefundedbyAmericanpublictelevisionstations
C.introducedifferentstylesofmusiciansaroundtheworld
D.recordHoffman^experienceinlearningvariousviolinstyles
30.Thetitleofthedocumentary“Otherwise,It'sJustFirewood^^isusedtoemphasize
A.thepowerofdiversifiedartisticexpression
B.thepleasureinlearningtraditionalmusic
C.thetechniqueofinstrumentplaying
D.theimportanceoffamousartists
【答案】28.A29.D30.A
【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了小提琴家DanielHoffman嘗試學(xué)習(xí)如何演
奏世界各地不同風(fēng)格的小提琴,并將這段經(jīng)歷拍成了紀(jì)錄片。
28.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Onthebackofamotorbikeofthefellowviolinist,Hoffinan
weavedthroughthebackstreetsofthecityandthenlearnedhisfirstlessonsinAndalusian
music,theclassicalmusicofNorthAfrica.(坐在小提琴手同伴的摩托車后座上,霍夫曼穿
梭于城市的后街,然后開始學(xué)習(xí)安達(dá)盧西亞音樂,這是北非的古典音樂。)''和第二段"That
experiencegavebirthtoanidea:Whatwoulditbeliketotrytolearnhowtoplaydifferent
violinstylesaroundtheworldinjustoneweek?Oh.yes,andattheendofthatweek,playa
concert.Heevengotanamefortheconcept'musicalextremesports'.(這段經(jīng)歷讓我產(chǎn)生了
一個(gè)想法:在短短一周的時(shí)間里,嘗試學(xué)習(xí)如何演奏世界各地不同風(fēng)格的小提琴,會(huì)是
什么感覺?哦。是的,在那個(gè)周末,開一場音樂會(huì)。他甚至為“音樂極限運(yùn)動(dòng)”這個(gè)概念
取了個(gè)名字。)“可知,霍夫曼關(guān)于音樂極限運(yùn)動(dòng)的想法來自于對(duì)北非當(dāng)?shù)匾魳返奶剿鳌?/p>
故選Ao
29.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“ThefilmiswhatHoffmanhopeswillbethefirstofan
eventualseriesofshortdocumentaries,showinghimlearningtoplaytheviolininavarietyof
styles,includingthefolkmusicofsouthIndia,Sweden,Greece,Romania,andWestVirginia.
(霍夫曼希望這部電影能成為一系列短紀(jì)錄片的第一部,展示他如何學(xué)習(xí)以各種風(fēng)格拉
小提琴,包括南印度、瑞典、希臘、羅馬尼亞和西弗吉尼亞州的民間音樂。)”可知,這
個(gè)系列紀(jì)錄片記錄了霍夫曼學(xué)習(xí)各種小提琴風(fēng)格的經(jīng)歷。故選D。
30.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段'"Thebigjokeiswhat'sthedifferencebetweenthefiddleand
theviolin?It'sthepersonwhoplaysit/saysNiallKeegan,atraditionalfluteplayer.4Ifsthe
musicyoumakeonitthatmakesitIrishorEnglishorFrenchorclassicalorjazzorwhatever
else.It*showweimagineitandhowwecreatethroughitthatmakeitandgiveitcharacter/
(“最大的笑話是fiddle和violin有什么區(qū)別?”,傳統(tǒng)長笛演奏家尼爾?基根說:“是你在上
面演奏的音樂讓它成為愛爾蘭音樂、英國音樂、法國音樂、古典音樂、爵士樂或其他任
何音樂。是我們?nèi)绾蜗胂笏?,如何通過它創(chuàng)造,成就并賦予了它個(gè)性??赏浦?,小
提琴的價(jià)值在于多元的藝術(shù)表現(xiàn),你在上面演奏的音樂賦予它個(gè)性,“否則,它就是一
根木柴“,所以紀(jì)錄片的標(biāo)題“Otherwise,JustFirewood”強(qiáng)調(diào)了多元藝術(shù)表達(dá)的力量。
故選Ao
D
Humansarefascinatedbythesourceoftheirfailingsandvirtues.Thispreoccupation
inevitablyleadstoanolddebate:whethernatureornurture(養(yǎng)育)shapesusmore.A
revolutioningeneticshaspoisedthisasamodernpoliticalquestionaboutthecharacterofour
society:ifpersonalitiesarehard-wiredintoourgenes,whatcangovernmentsdotohelpus?It
feelsmorallyquestionable,yetclaimsofgeneticselectionbyintelligencearemaking
headlines.
Thisisdownto"hereditarian(遺傳論的)“scienceandarecentpaperclaimed
"differencesinexamperformancebetweenpupilsattendingextraordinaryandordinary
schoolsmirrorthegeneticdifferencesbetweenthem”.Withsuchanassertion,theworkwas
predictablygreetedbyalotofabsurdclaimsabout"geneticsdeterminingacademicsuccess”.
Whattheresearchrevealedwastheratherlesssurprisingresult:theeducationalbenefitsof
extraordinaryschoolslargelydisappearoncepupils5inbornabilityandsocio-economic
backgroundweretakenintoaccount.Thatistosay,there'snothingtosupportstronglyeither
ahereditaryorenvironmentalargument.
Yetthepaperdoessaychildrenare^unintentionallygeneticallyselected^^bytheschool
system.Centraltohereditarianscienceisatallclaim:thatidentifiablevariationsingenetic
sequencescanpredictanindividuaFsabilitytolearn,reasonandsolveproblems.Thisis
problematiconmanylevels.Ateachercouldnotseriouslytellaparenttheirchildhasalow
genetictendencytostudywhenexternalfactorsclearlyexist.Unlike-mindedacademicssay
theinheritabilityofhumantraitsisscientificallyunsound.Atbestthereisaweakstatistical
associationandnotacausallinkbetweenDNAandintelligence.Yetsophisticatedstatistics
areusedtocreateafrighteningatmosphereofscientificcertainty.
Whilethere'sanundoubtedgeneticbasistoindividualdifference,itiswrongtothink
thatsociallydefinedgroupscanbegeneticallyaccountedfor.Thefixationongenesasdestiny
issurelyfalsetoo.MedicalpredictabilitycanrarelybebasedonDNAalone;theenvironment
matterstoo.Somethingascomplexasintellectislikelytobeaffectedbymanyfactorsbeyond
genes.Ifhereditarianswanttoadvancetheircauseitwillrequiremorebalancedinterpretation
andnotjustactsofadvocacy.Geneticselectionisawayofexertinginfluenceoverothers,
“theultimatecollectivecontrolofhumandestinies/9aswriterH.G.Wellsputit.Knowledge
becomespowerandpowerrequiresasenseofresponsibility.Inunderstandingcognitive(認(rèn)
矢口的)ability,wemustnotelevatediscriminationtoascience:allowingpeopletoclimbthe
ladderoflifeonlyasfarastheircellsmightsuggest.Thiswillneedamoreskepticaleyeon
thescience.Astechnologyprogresses,weallhaveadutytomakesurethatweshapeafuture
thatwewouldwanttofindourselvesin.
31.Whatdidarecentresearchpaperclaim?
A.Thetypeofschoolstudentsattendmakesadifferencetotheirfuture.
B.Geneticdifferencesbetweenstudentsarefargreaterthansupposed.
C.Students9academicperformanceissomewhatdeterminedbytheirgenes.
D.Theadvantagesofextraordinaryschoolsaretooobvioustoignore.
32.WhatdoestheauthorsayabouttherelationshipbetweenDNAandintelligence?
A.Itisoneofscientificcertainty.B.Itisnotoneofcauseandeffect.
C.Itissubjecttointerpretationofstatistics.D.Itisnotfullyexaminedbygene
scientists.
33.Whatdohereditariansneedtodotomaketheirclaimsconvincing?
A.Takeallrelevantfactorsintoaccountininterpretingtheirdata.
B.Conducttheirresearchusingmoresophisticatedtechnology.
C.Gathergenedatafrompeopleofallsocialclasses.
D.Cooperatewithsocialscientistsintheirresearch.
34.Whatdoestheauthorwarnagainstinthepassage?
A.Losingsightofprofessionalethicsinconductingresearch.
B?Misunderstandingthefindingsofhumancognitionresearch.
C.Promotingdiscriminationinthenameofscience.
D.Exaggeratingthepoweroftechnologyinshapingtheworld.
【答案】31.C32.B33.A34.C
【導(dǎo)語】本文是議論文。文章主要通過最近的一篇論文提醒大家,要以科學(xué)的視角來看
待事物,不能以科學(xué)的名義鼓吹歧視。
31.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“arecentpaperclaimed''differencesinexamperformance
betweenpupilsattendingextraordinaryandordinaryschoolsmirrorthegeneticdifferences
betweenthem”.”(最近的一篇論文稱“就讀于特殊學(xué)校和普通學(xué)校的學(xué)生在考試成績上的
差異,反映了他們之間的遺傳差異”)可知,這篇論文稱:學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)成績?cè)谀撤N程度上
取決于他們的基因。故選C。
32.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Atbestthereisaweakstatisticalassociationandnotacausal
linkbetweenDNAandintelligence.”(充其量,DNA和智力之間只有微弱的統(tǒng)計(jì)關(guān)聯(lián),而
沒有因果關(guān)系)可知,在作者看來,基因和智力之間沒有因果關(guān)系。故選B。
33.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段"Ifhereditarianswanttoadvancetheircauseitwillrequire
morebalancedinterpretationandnotjustactsofadvocacy.”(如果遺傳學(xué)家想要推進(jìn)他們的
事業(yè),就需要更加平衡的解釋,而不僅僅是倡導(dǎo)行為)可知,遺傳學(xué)家想要讓他們的觀
點(diǎn)更加的讓人信服,在解釋他們的數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)就要考慮所有相關(guān)因素,
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